• 한국광물학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2016

인회석 광물 군에 속하는 녹연석($Pb_{4.85}(P_{1.02}O_4)_3Cl_{1.04}$)에 대한 상온-고압 상태방정식 연구를 시행하였다. 대칭형 다이아몬드 앤빌기기를 이용하여 33.4 GPa까지 압력을 증가시키면서 각분산 X-선 회절법과 방사광을 이용하여 회절 데이터를 검출하였으며, 시료에 가해준 압력은 루비 형광파의 파장변화를 측정하여 결정하였다. 본 고압실험에서 시행한 압력의 범위 내에서 상변이는 관찰되지 않았으며, 정압상태에서 체적탄성률($K_0$)은 $K{_0}^{\prime}=13(2)$일 때 80(7) GPa로 계산되었다. 본 연구에서 결정된 상온상태에서 녹연석의 체적탄성률 신뢰도를 정규화압력 및 정규화응력변형 분석을 하여 평가하였다.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.40-46
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• 2012

Recently micro shock tube is extensively being used in many diverse fields of engineering applications but the detailed flow physics involved in it is hardly known due to high Knudsen number and strong compressibility effects. Unlike the macro shock tube, the surface area to volume ratio for a micro shock tube is very large. This unique effect brings many complexities into the flow physics that makes the micro shock tube different compared with the macro shock tube. In micro shock tube, the inter- molecular forces of working gas can play an important role in specifying the flow characteristics of the unsteady shock wave flow which is essentially generated in all kinds of shock tubes. In the present study, a CFD method was used to predict and visualize the unsteady shock wave flows using the unsteady compressible Navier-Stokes equations, furnished with the no-slip and slip wall boundary conditions. Maxwell's slip equations were used to mathematically model the shock movement at high Knudsen number. The present CFD results show that the propagation speed of the shock wave is directly proportional to the initial pressure and diameter of micro shock tube.

• 연구논문집
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• 통권28호
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• pp.73-87
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• 1998

A pneumatic control system of compressed air as a working fluid has a variety of advantages such as low price, high respondence, non-explosion and good control performance and thus has many applications in the field of automobile, electronic and semiconductor industry. However, it has a difficulty in contolling a precise position due to quick response of system and compressibility of working fluid and. in particular, shock stress may occur due to an external load, resulting in fracture of a cylinder cap unless cushion device is equipped in the linear actuator. To avoid this, a cushion device should be installed for damping effect of the external load and the supply pressure as well as for decreasing shock stress and vibration caused by high speed rotation. Previous studies include dimensionless analyses and computer simulations of cushion capability and experiments of horizontally-mounted cylinder performances. A new attempt is experimentally made in this study using a vertically-mounted cylinder under an operation condition of 4, 5 and 6 (bar) as supply pressure and 40, 70 and 100 (kgf) as external load. It turns out that the cushion pressure is mainly a function of the external load rather than the supply pressure. The cushion characteristics was also revealed in the meter-in circuit.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.71-90
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• 1999

This study was conducted to examine the comfortability of wearing pantyhose in summer. To satisfy this purpose. 4 types of pantyhose were chosen from the market: a Mono type(M), a Wooly type(W), and two Support types(Sl, S2), were chosen. After the performances of samples were measured, these were worn by 8 healthy adult women. Under the summer field environment, psychological comfort ability was examined through the 5 steps of SD method. Physiological comfort ability was examined by measuring the body reactions(clothing pressure, skin temperature, total body weight loss, rectal temperature, pulse rates, and blood pressure), under the artificial environment($28.5{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$, $82{\pm}3%$). The results of this examination were as follows : The order of comfortability which people felt in the field was W>M>S1>S2. The number of items which showed the highest correlation with comfort ability decreased and the correlation was lowered on the whole as time went by. There was positive high correlation between the performances of samples and comfort ability in compressibility, air permeability, water vapor permeability, while a negative high correlation in thickness, weight, compressional resiliency, strain (course) and moisture regain. The mean skin temperature was in the comfort zone, and rectal temperature, pulse rates, blood pressure were mostly in the normal range. Also it was showed that the correlation between the performance of samples and body reactions, except total body weight loss, was low.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.90-99
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• 1994

To investigate the undrained shear strength characteristics of marine soils with high water content, high compressibility and weak bearing capacity, a series of undrained triaxial tests with pore pressure measurements on undisturbed and disturbed Banwol marine clay in normally consolidated and overconsolidated states is carried out. The results and main conclusions of this study are summarized as follows : 1 . When the consolidation pressure is increased, the maximum deviator stress of disturbed and undistubed clay in normally consolidated state is increased. Pore pressure parameters and internal friction angle of undisturbed clay are greater than those of disturbed clay. 2. The relationship between pore pressure and axial strain of undisturbed clay in normally consolidated state can be expressed as a hyperbolic function like stress-strain relation proposed by Kondner. 3. In the pore pressure-axial strain relation of disturbed clay in normally consolidated state, failure ratio R'f is greatly deviated in the range of 0.7~0.9 proposed by Christian and Desai. 4. For overconsolided clay, when overconsolidation ratio (OCR) is increased, normalized maximum deviator stress is increased and maximum pore pressure is decreased gradually. 5. Cohesion of overconsolidated clay is greater than that of nomally consolidated clay and internal friction angle slightly is decreased. 6. Pore pressure parameter at failure (Af) of overconsolidated clay is varied with OCR, Af becomes negative values with increment in OCR

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.425-431
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• 2019

Generally, ceramic tiles for building construction are manufactured by dry forming process using granular powders prepared by spray drying process after mixing and grinding of mineral raw materials. In recent years, as the demand for large ceramic tiles with natural texture has increased, the development of granule powders with high packing ratio and excellent flowability has become more important. In this study, ceramic tile granule powders are coated with hydrophobically treated silica nanoparticles. The effects of hydrophobic silica coating on the flowability of granule powders and the strength of the green body are investigated in detail. Silica nanoparticles are hydrophobically treated with GPTMS(3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxy silane), which is an epoxy-based silane coupling agent. As the coating concentration increases, the angle of repose and the compressibility decrease. The tap density and flowability index increase after silica coating treatment. These results indicate that hydrophobic treatment can improve the flowability of the granular powder, and prevent cracking of green body at high pressure molding.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.95-108
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• 2023

Soft soil ground is a crucial factor limiting the development of the construction of transportation infrastructure in coastal areas. Soft soil is characterized by low strength, low permeability and high compressibility. However, the ordinary treatment method uses Portland cement to solidify the soft soil, which has low early strength and requires a long curing time. Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is an emerging method to address geo-environmental problems associated with geotechnical materials. In this study, a method of bio-cementitious mortars consisting of MICP and cement was proposed to stabilize the soft soil. A series of laboratory tests were conducted on MICP-treated and cement-MICP-treated (C-MICP-treated) soft soils to improve mechanical properties. Microscale observations were also undertaken to reveal the underlying mechanism of cement-soil treated by MICP. The results showed that cohesion and internal friction angles of MICP-treated soft soil were greater than those of remolded soft soil. The UCS, elastic modulus and toughness of C-MICP-treated soft soil with high moisture content (50%, 60%, 70%, 80%) were improved compared to traditional cement-soil. A remarkable difference was observed that the MICP process mainly played a role in the early curing stage (i.e., within 14 days) while cement hydration continued during the whole process. Micro-characterization revealed that the calcium carbonate filling the pores enhanced the soft soil.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.95-110
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• 2013

We report various synchrotron radiation laboratory based techniques used to characterize cement based materials in nanometer scale. High resolution X-ray transmission imaging combined with a rotational axis allows for rendering of samples in three dimensions revealing volumetric details. Scanning transmission X-ray microscope combines high spatial resolution imaging with high spectral resolution of the incident beam to reveal X-ray absorption near edge structure variations in the material nanostructure. Microdiffraction scans the surface of a sample to map its high order reflection or crystallographic variations with a micron-sized incident beam. High pressure X-ray diffraction measures compressibility of pure phase materials. Unique results of studies using the above tools are discussed-a study of pores, connectivity, and morphology of a 2,000 year old concrete using nanotomography; detection of localized and varying silicate chain depolymerization in Al-substituted tobermorite, and quantification of monosulfate distribution in tricalcium aluminate hydration using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy; detection and mapping of hydration products in high volume fly ash paste using microdiffraction; and determination of mechanical properties of various AFm phases using high pressure X-ray diffraction.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제18권4호통권46호
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• pp.249-257
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• 2005

석류석은 하부맨틀의 최상부인 약 660 km깊이까지 올리빈, 휘석과 함께 주요한 구성광물 중의 하나이다. 석류석은 약 660 km를 지나 하부맨틀에서 페롭스카이트와 코런덤으로 상변이를 하는 것으로 알려져 있으나, 실험방법 및 상변이 깊이와 상변이 경로에 대해서 아직까지 논쟁의 대상이 되고 있다. 실험은 천연산 알만딘(($Fe_{2.52}Ca_{0.21}Mg_{0.18}Mn_{0.12})Al_{2.23}Si_{2.97}O_{12}$)에 마오-벨 타입의 다이아몬드 앤빌기기를 이용하여 실온에서 62 GPa까지 압축실험을 시행하여 체적탄성계수를 결정하였다. 실험결과는 다음과 같다 : 62 GPa에서 격자상수 = $10.775\;{\AA}$, 체적 = $1251.16\;{\AA}^{3}$, X-선밀도 = $5.265\;g/cm^{3}$, 버치-머내한 상태방정식을 이용하여 계산한 체적탄성계수는 156 GPa이다(이때 $K_{0}\;'$는 4로 가정함). 본 연구는 포항가속기연구소의 방사광을 이용하여 시행한 국내 첫 고압실험결과이다.

• 광물과 암석
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2020

천연산 일라이트(K_0.65Al₂(Al_0.65Si_3.35)O₁₀(OH)₂) 분말 시료에 대해 물과 알코올(메탄올:에탄올 = 4:1 체적비, ME41)의 두 가지 압력매개체를 이용한 다이아몬드앤빌셀 고압 회절실험을 진행하였다. 물을 이용한 실험에서는 층간 유입을 유도하기 위해 약 250℃까지 열을 가하는 과정을 거치며 최대 약 2.7 GPa까지 압력을 가하였고, 알코올을 이용한 실험에서는 상온에서 최대 약 6.9 GPa까지 가압하면서 방사광 분말 회절법을 통해 시료의 압축특성을 관찰하였다. 위와 같은 조건에서는 층간의 확장이나 상전이는 관찰되지 않았다. 물과 알코올의 서로 다른 압력매개체 하에서 압축된 일라이트의 체적탄성률(K₀)은 각각 45(3) GPa와 51(3) GPa로 도출되어 오차범위 내에서 크게 다르지 않음을 확인하였다. 또한 회절자료 분석결과 격자상수에 따른 선형압축률은 알코올 압력매개체일 때 β^a, β^b, β^c의 값이 각각 0.0025 GPa^-1, 0.0029 GPa^-1, 0.0144 GPa^-1로 도출되어 c-축의 압축률이 약 6배 큰 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구에서 확인된 일라이트의 체적탄성률 및 선형압축률을 일라이트와 구조적으로 유사한 백운모와 비교하였다.