• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2016

Purpose - The parcel delivery service(courier) industry all over the world has been expanding its market so far, but its growth has been declining in recent years. In this situation, most parcel delivery companies are having trouble with managing themselves because of the pressure from the customer to increase service level and decrease the rate. The purpose of this study is to provide ways to improve competitive advantages of the parcel delivery service industry by evaluating the multi-period operating efficiency of Korea, Japan and global service providers. Research design, data, and methodology - The data for the period of 2011 to 2014 were collected from the annual reports published by parcel delivery companies. In this study, we analyze the marketability (revenue), profitability (operating profits), and management conditions (net profits) of parcel service companies by combining information on human resources (number of employees) and material resources (total assets and equity). Therefore, the number of employees, total assets, and equity are selected as input variables, and revenue, operating profits, and net profits as the output variables. In this study, DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) is used to measure the comparative efficiency and MPI (Malmquist Productivity Index) is used to analyze the trend of change of the efficiency for a multi-year period. Results - The operational efficiency scores of medium-sized parcel delivery companies in Korea are higher than other larger competitors such as Korean, Japan and Global larger companies. As of 2014, Logen(1.878) was found to be the most efficient parcel delivery enterprise, followed by KGB (1.224), and Kyoungdong(1.002). Otherwise, Hanjin(0.235), CJ(0.262), Hyundai Logistics(0.657), DHL(0.611), UPS(0.766), FedEx(0.498), TNT(0.350), Yamato(0.762) and Sagawa(0.520), larger sized companies, were done inefficiently. The productivity of parcel delivery companies is influenced by endogenous factors as well as exogenous ones such as changes in business environment and technological advances. Conclusions - Korean medium-sized companies have relatively high efficiency scores in operation. That is why they still survive the competitive market in Korea where market restructuring on the industry has been expected to be conducted for many years. The reason why medium-sized couriers had higher efficient scores than larger couriers is that most of couriers spend more operating expenses versus unit price of delivery which is the amount of money that is needed in order to send a package by parcel service. So the delivery unit price must be taken into account by all the expenses associated with the cost of fuel, labor and maintenance expenses for facilities, etc. therefore, the unit price must be increased to strengthen business competitive power. In order for the industry to have more competitive advantage, the companies need to make profits by increasing demand volume and raising the delivery rate to provide high-quality delivery service to customers. And both endogenous and exogenous change must take precedence in order to strengthen their competitiveness.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.21-32
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 정진폭 신호 특성을 갖는 기존의 정진폭 부호화된 다중 부호 이진 직교 (CACB: Constant Amplitude Coded Multicode Biothogonal) 변조의 구조를 유지하면서 대역폭 효율을 증가시킴으로써 전송률을 높일 수 있는 방식을 제안한다. 높은 대역폭 효율을 얻기 위한 방식으로는 기존에 제안되었던 직교위상-직교위상 진폭변조 ($Q^2$AM: Quadrature-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), 그리고 정진폭 직교위상직교위상 진폭변조 ($CA-Q^2$AM: Constant Amplitude-$Q^2$AM) 방식을 이용한다. 먼저 가장 간단한 결합 방식인 CACB-$Q^2$AM 방식을 제안한다. 이 방식은 대역폭 효율은 증가하지만 정진폭 특성을 얻을 수는 없기 때문에 정진폭 특성을 유지하기 위한 새로운 첫 번째 CACB-CA-$Q^2$AM (CACB-CA-$Q^2$AM I) 변조 방식을 제안한다. 그러나 이 방식은 정진폭을 얻기 위해 여분의 부호화 과정이 필요하므로 대역폭 효율이 낭비되는 단점이 있다. 마지막으로 대역폭 효율을 감소시키지 않는 새로운 두 번째 CACB-CA-$Q^2$AM (CACB-EA-$Q^2$AM II) 변조 방식을 제안한다. 컴퓨터모의실험을 통해 제안된 시스템의 성능을 평가함으로서 제안된 CACB-CA-$Q^2$AM II 변조 방식의 효율성을 보이도록 한다.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.388-397
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• 2015

고화질 비디오에 대한 시장의 요구가 높아짐에 따라 고화질 비디오를 기존 보다 낮은 데이터 량으로 압축할 수 있는 새로운 비디오 부호화 표준 기술인 HEVC(High Efficiency Video Coding)가 최근에 개발 완료되었다. 즉 HEVC로 압축한 데이터의 양은 기존 비디오 부호화 표준인 AVC/H.264로 압축한 데이터의 양의 동일 화질 대비 약 50%로 보고되고 있다. 압축 성능이 개선된 새로운 부호화 표준에 대한 시장의 관심은 뜨겁지만 시장에 바로 활용되기 위하여서는 응용 서비스에서 요구하는 수준의 처리속도를 만족시켜야 한다. 다수의 코어가 탑재된 컴퓨터 시스템이 널리 보급된 오늘날의 개발 환경에서 부호화 처리 속도를 개선시키기 위해서 여러 각도의 병렬 부호화 적용이 필수이다. 본 논문에서는 HEVC 부호화기에 화면 분할 병렬화와 프레임 수준의 병렬화를 조합하여 적용할 때 코딩 효율 대비 병렬화로 인한 더 높은 속도 향상 결과를 가져올 수 있는 방법을 제안하였다. 즉 시스템 자원과 병렬로 처리할 프레임에 따라 화면을 적응적으로 분할하게 함으로써 코딩 효율 대비 속도 향상을 개선시킬 수 있었다. 한 화면 안에서는 다수의 타일(Tile) 단위로 병렬처리하고, 참조되지 않는 프레임(Frame)들을 병렬로 부호화하도록 본 논문을 통해 구현하였으며 Full-HD 및 4K UHD 영상을 이용하여 제안하는 방법이 코딩 효율 대비 병렬화로 인한 속도 향상이 개선되었음을 보여주었다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2018년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.377-379
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• 2018

최근 젊은 세대를 중심으로 간단하고 가벼운 삶을 추구하는 미니멀 라이프가 주목을 받으면서 적은 공간을 차지하고 실용도가 높은 제품들이 주목받고 있다. 따라서 복수의 제품을 하나로 합치면서 작지만 실속 있는 제품에 대한 연구가 많이 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 책상 위의 공간을 절약할 수 있는 스마트 스탠드를 개발하였다. 이 스탠드에는 스마트폰 거치대, 가습기, 음이온 발생기, 스피커의 기능을 스탠드에 결합시키도록 하였다. 이 연구로 인하여 1인 가구의 좁은 집에서 공간적, 경제적으로 효율이 높아질 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2007

본 논문은 비동기식 프로세서에서 동작 상황에 따라 파이프라인 구조가 변경 가능하고 명령어 종류에 따라 병렬처리를 지원하는 적응형 파이프라인 구조를 제안하였다. 제안된 구조는 동작이 불필요한 스테이지를 건너뛰는 스테이지 스키핑(stage-skipping)과 다음 스테이지가 비어 있으면 현재 스테이지와 다음 스테이지를 하나로 통합하는 스테이지 통합(stage-combining) 기법을 지원한다. 이 기법들은 명령어 종류에 따라 서로 다른 데이터패스를 사용하는 명령어들을 병렬로 처리하여 머신 사이클을 단축시켜 프로세서의 동작 속도를 증가시킨다. 본 논문에서는 제안된 파이프라인 구조를 적용한 ARM 명령어 호환 프로세서를 설계하였다. 이 프로세서는 VHDL로 설계한 후 $0.35-{\mu}m$ CMOS 표준 셀 라이브러리를 이용하여 합성되었다. SPEC2000 벤치마크를 사용하여 성능을 평가한 결과, 타겟 프로세서는 평균 365 MIPS의 속도로 동작하여 영국 맨체스터 대학에서 개발한 비동기 프로세서인 AMULET3i에 비해 2.3배 높은 성능을 보였다. 제안된 파이프라인 기법과 프로세서 구조는 고속 비동기식 프로세서 설계에 적용 가능하다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.228-231
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• 2019

Aluminum and its alloys have been widely used in various fields because of low weight, high strength, good conductivity, and low price. It is well known that aluminum alloys that cause natural oxide film can inhibit corrosion in wet, salty environments. However, these oxides are so thin that corrosion occurs in a variety of environments. To prevent this problem, an electrochemical anodizing technique was applied to the aluminum alloy surface to form a thick layer of oxide and a unique oxide shape, such as a hierarchical pore structure simultaneously combining large and small pores. The shape of the structures was implemented using stepwise anodization voltages such as 40 V for mild anodizing and 80 V for hard anodizing, respectively. To maximize water repellency, it is crucial to the role of surface structures shape. And a hydrophobic thin film was coated by 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-Perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane (FDTS) to minimize surface energy of the structure surface. Thus, such nanoengineered superhydrophobic surface exhibited a high water contact angle and excellent corrosion resistance such as low corrosion current density and inhibition efficiency.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.162-171
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• 2014

Spectrum sensing is a key technical challenge for cognitive radio (CR). It is well known that multicycle cyclostationarity (MC) detection is a powerful method for spectrum sensing. However, a conventional MC detector is difficult to implement because of its high computational complexity. This paper considers reducing computational complexity by simplifying the test statistic of a conventional MC detector. On the basis of this simplification process, an improved MC detector is proposed. Compared with the conventional detector, the proposed detector has low-computational complexity and high-accuracy sensing performance. Subsequently, the sensing performance is further investigated for the cases of Rayleigh, Nakagami-m, Rician, and Rayleigh fading and lognormal shadowing channels. Furthermore, square-law combining (SLC) is introduced to improve the detection capability in fading and shadowing environments. The corresponding closed-form expressions of average detection probability are derived for each case by the moment generation function (MGF) and contour integral approaches. Finally, illustrative and analytical results show the efficiency and reliability of the proposed detector and the improvement in sensing performance by SLC in multipath fading and lognormal shadowing environments.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.701-709
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• 2015

Image stitching method is a technique for obtaining an high-resolution image by combining two or more images. In X-ray image for clinical diagnosis, the size of the imaging region taken by one shot is limited due to the field-of-view of the equipment. Therefore, in order to obtain a high-resolution image including large regions such as a whole body, the synthesis of multiple X-ray images is required. In this paper, we propose a rapid stitching method of digital X-ray images using template-based registration. The proposed algorithm use principal component analysis(PCA) and k-nearest neighborhood(k-NN) to determine the location of input images before performing a template-based matching. After detecting the overlapping position using template-based matching, we synthesize input images by alpha blending. To improve the computational efficiency, reduced images are used for PCA and k-NN analysis. Experimental results showed that our method was more accurate comparing with the previous method with the improvement of the registration speed. Our stitching method could be usefully applied into the stitching of 2D or 3D multiple images.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1385-1391
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• 2015

A water reuse system was designed for a demonstration plant by combining fiber filtration and electrolysis. A discharged dye wastewater after treated with biomedia was used in this study. It was found that an additional removal of suspended solids (SS) was feasible with 2-stage filtration while electrolysis was not effective. Also, $COD_{cr}$ and $COD_{Mn}$ were not removed with 2 -stage filtration but electrolysis resulted in about 26.9% additional removal. This indicates that electrolysis play an important role in organic removal. Removal of T-N and T-P was negligible with 1 and 2-stage fiber filtration and low-level electrolyte. However, with 2000 ppm of electrolyte, their removal efficiencies were about 83.1 and 60%, respectively, suggesting that the removal rates are well associated with the electrolyte concentrations. With high-level electrolyte, colority was removed about 82% while chlorine ions were removed only about 10%. Therefore, to treat underground water containing high-level salinity in the follow-up study, based on the results in this paper, a combined system with selection of additional unit process and reverse osmosis will be designed.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.499-505
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• 2012

The fuel cell is a very promising power generation system combining the benefits of extremely low emissions, high efficiency, ease of maintenance and durability. In order to promote the commercialization of fuel cells, a flexible forming process, in which a hyper-elastic rubber is adopted as a medium to transmit forming pressure, is suggested as an efficient and cost effective manufacturing method for fuel cell bipolar plates. In this study, the ability of this flexible forming process to produce the micro channel arrays on metallic bipolar plates was first demonstrated experimentally. Then, a finite element (FE) model was built and validated through comparisons between simulated and experimental results. The effects of key process parameters on the forming performance such as applied load and punch velocity were investigated. As a result, appropriate process parameter values allowing high dimensional accuracy without failure were suggested.