• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.235-239
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• 1994

Viral RNA was extracted from purified Chinese cabbage strain of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV-Ca) from infected leaves of turnip. Polyadenylated genomic viral RNA was recovered by oligo (dT) cellulose column chromatography and used as a template for the synthesis of complementary DNA (cDNA). Recombinant plasmids contained cDNA ranged from about 900 bp to 2, 450 bp were synthesized. Among the selected 41 transformants, pTUCA31 and pTUCA35 had over 2 Kbp cDNA insert. Restriction endonuclease patterns of the clones examined were very similar among them. Clones pTUCA23 and pTUCA31 were overlapped with pTUA35. The longest clone pTUCA35, encoding 3'-end, showed that it contained two sites for EcoRI, and one site for BamHI, ClaI, HincII, SacI and XbaI, respectively. The restriction mapping indicated that the clone pTUCA35 contained partial nuclear inclusion body gene, complete coding region of the coat protein and 3' untranslated region of TuMV-Ca genomic RNA.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.818-822
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• 2009

A ${\beta}-1$,3-1,4-glucanase from the fungus Laetiporus sulphureus var. miniatus was purified as a single 26 kDa band by ammonium sulfate precipitation, HiTrap Q HP, and UNO Q ion-exchange chromatography, with a specific activity of 29 U/mg. The molecular mass of the native enzyme was 52 kDa as a dimer by gel filtration. ${\beta}-1$,3-1,4-Glucanase showed optimum activity at pH 4.0 and $75^{\circ}C$. The half-lives of the enzyme at $70^{\circ}C$ and $75^{\circ}C$ were 152 h and 22 h, respectively. The enzyme showed the highest activity for barley ${\beta}$-glucan as ${\beta}-1$,3-1,4-glucan among the tested polysaccharides and p-nitrophenyl-${\beta}$-D-glycosides with a $K_m$, of 0.67 mg/ml, a $k_{cat}$ of 13.5 $S^{-1}$ and a $k_{cat}/K_m$ of 20 mg/ml/s.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 1993

Total genomic DNA library of Serratia marcescens was prepared by inserting Sau3AI partial digesting fragments(above 5 kb) into the dephosphorylated BamHl site of pUC19. In primary screening, two colonies were selected by observing the halo around E. coli transformants grown on the swollen colloidal chitin media. Secondary screening was performed by soaking two colonies with a few drops of 4-methylumbelleliferryl N-acetyl-$\beta$-D-glucocosaminide(4-MuNGlcNAc). As 4-MuNGlcNAc is a specific, fluorogenic substrate for chitinase, the positive clones produce light fluorescence by the exposure under the long wave U.V. light(360 nm). From genomic DNA library derived from pUC19, we have isolated two different chitinase clones, pCH1(11.0Kb) and pCH2(7.5Kb), which show completely different restriction map to each other. The cross-hybridization of pCH1EA and pCH2 have not revealed any hybridization signals to each other.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2001

A cDNA clone encoding the ribosomal protein S20 has been isolated from the Schizosaccharomyces pombe cDNA library by colony hybridization. The insert contained in the original plasmid pYJ10 was transferred intro shuttle vector pRS316 generate plasmid pYJll. The dDNA insert of plasmid pYJll, contains 484 nucleotides and encodes a protein of 118 amino acids with a calculated mass of 13,544 daltons. The deduced amino acid sequence of S. pombe ribosomal protein S20 is very homologous with fruit fly, rat, and budding yeast counterparts. It is also homologous with Xenopus S22 ribosomal protein. S. pombe ribosomal protein S20 appears to be relatively hydruphobic except the C-terminal region. The 728 bp upstream region of the S20 gene was amplified from chromosomal DNA and transferred into the BamHI/EcoRI site of the promoterles $\beta$-galactosidase gene of the vector YEp357R, which resulted in fusion plasmid pYS20. The synthesis of $\beta$-galactosidase from the fusion plasmid appeared to be the highest in the mid-exponential phase. The S. pombe cells with the fusion plasmid grown at 35$\^{C}$ gave lower $\beta$-galactosidase activity than the cells grown at 30$\^{C}$. Computer analysis showed the consensus sequence CAGTCACA in the upstream regions of various ribosomal protein genes in S. pombe, which would be involved in the coordinated expression of small ribosomal proteins.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.77 no.2
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• pp.178-185
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• 1988

This study is carried out for analyzing the factors causing several disasters occurring around beach area in order to set a plan for an afforestation which will fulfill its function as facilities for prevention of disasters and for relaxation around beach resort at Tong-ri, Pokil-my$\bar{o}$n, Wando-gun. The results are as follows : 1. The main wind direction was summer was SE. 2. The first class in the rate of frequency of the hourly average wind speed and the instantaneous wind speed in summer were 2.1-3.0m/sec (29.2%) and 1.1-2.0m/sec (30.6%) respectively. 3. The particle sizes of the dune sands was a little small (82.5% in 0.125 to 0.25mm, $D_{50}=0.178mm$). 4. The mineral composition and the chemical components were as follows : The main mineral : Quartz The accessary minerals : Calcite, Feldspars(Orthoclase), Sericite. The chemical components : $SiO_2$ ; 75.6%. $Al_2O_3$ ; 8.1%, CaO ; 7.76%, Ign. loss ; 6.8%, MgO ; 0.23%, $K_2O$ ; 0.72%, $Na_2O$ ; 0.41%, $Fe_2O_3$ ; 0.32%. 5. The threshold friction velocity equation for the diameter class of the dune sands was $y=4.191x^{0.221}$. 6. The amount of floating salt was maximum at the point of 65m away from beach line, dropped abruptly at 135m and remained almost same on its way to the inland. The equation of the amount of floating salt was $y=28.181{\times}(-0.369^x)$. 7. The amount of extracted salt(33%) in seawater in summer was the same as the one of the nearest seawater of Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 1971

Ecological studies on the effect of an accidental fire on the composition of the post-fire vegetation in relation to the productivity system were made at the burned site on Mt. Samak located at Duckduwon-Ri, Sumyun, Chun Sung-Kun, Kangwon-Do, the same plots used in the previous study carried out in 1967. The result are summarized as follows. 1. In the productivity system, the standing crop measured was as follows; Carex Lanceolata var. Nana, Miscanthus purpurscens etc. were contained in the herbs and their individual number was larger than that of the woody plants. (Table 1). In the woody plants, Quercus Acutissima was the most abundant, showing larger number of tree than Quercus dentata. The S.D.R. value of the family Poaceae was the highest among the herbs and in the test plots, it was 4 times larger in number than in the controlled plots. (Table 3, Fig. 4, 5). 2. In the unburned sities, 5 dominant species were selected and by calculating their S.D.R., it was shown that woody plants, S.D.R. is 4.43 while it is 11.52 with herbs. (Table 4, Fig. 6). 3. When making comparisons with the standing crop on the higher around, it was found that the test plots had 522.45 gm more than the controlled and 1470. 53gm more than those on lower ground. These results were considered to indicate that high temperature caused by fire resulted in the increase of germination rate of seeds as it was seen in the previous study and it further stimulate the growth of the perennial plants. (Table 6, 7) 4. In the number of species, the standing crop was increased in the order of Genus Miscanthus and Genus Carex. and in the woody plants Genus Lespedeza was increased in the standing crop. 5. It was found that in the rest plots, total summed height was greater by about 6000cm than that in the controlled plots. 6. In conclusion, the forest fire gave a great loss to tall trees and woody plants burning them together with unmatured seeds. In the succession of the 2nd year it was considered that the growth of the perennial plants had been stimulated on the barned sites.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.166-177
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• 2005

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the molecular epidemiology and genetic variability of adenovirus(Ad) serotypes Ad1, Ad2, and Ad5 over 14 years in Korea. Methods : A total of 382 adenoviral strains isolated from the nasopharyngeal aspirates of children with lower respiratory tract infections in Seoul, Korea from November 1990 to February 2003 were serotyped by neutralization assay with type-specific antisera. Viral DNAs were extracted from infected cell lysates by the modified Hirt procedure. Genome type(GT) was determined by DNA restriction analysis with 12 restriction enzymess(BamHI, BclI, BglI, BglII, BstEII, EcoRI, HindIII, HpaI, SalI, SmaI, XbaI, and XhoI). To evaluate the genetic relatedness, pairwise comigrating restriction fragments(PCRF) analysis was performed. Results : Of 382 strains, 33 strains(9%) were Ad1, 45 strains(12%) were Ad2, and 24 strains(6%) were Ad5. Eighteen GTs(Ad1p1-Ad1p7, Ad1a, Ad1b, Ad1b1-Ad1b3, Ad1c, Ad1d, Ad1e, Ad1e1, Ad1e2, Ad1f) among Ad1, 24(Ad2p1-Ad2p11, Ad2a, Ad2a1-Ad2a6, Ad2b, Ad2c, Ad2d, Ad2e, Ad2e1-Ad2e3) among Ad2, and 10(Ad5p1, Ad5p2, Ad5a, Ad5a1-Ad5a7) among Ad5 strains were identified. One or two strains of the vast majority of GTs were isolated during the study period while a few GTs were identified sporadically with more than 2 strains. It is notable that some GTs such as Ad1p5 and Ad5a1 appeared in cluster during a short period. In analysis of genetic relatedness, the degree of PCRFs(pairwise comigrating restriction fragments) for Ad1 varied from 79 to 99%, for Ad2, 82 to 99%, and for Ad5, 85 to 99%. Conclusion : This study established the comprehensive nomenclature systems of Ad1, Ad2, and Ad5. Diverse GTs identified in this study have crucial implications in the genomic diversity and epidemiological characteristics of Ad1, Ad2, and Ad5.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.265-279
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• 1996

Damage produced by radiation elicits a complex response in mammalian cells, including growth rate changes and the induction of a variety of genes associated with growth control and apoptosis. At doses of 10,000 cGy or greater, the exposed individual was killed in a matter of minutes to a couple of days, with symptoms consistent with pathology of the central nervous system(CNS) including degenerative changes. The nature of the damage in irradiated cells underlies the unique hazards of ionizing radiation. Radiation injury to CNS is a rare event in clinical medicine, but it is catastrophic for the patient in whom it occurs. The incidence of cerebral necrosis has been reported as high as 16% for doses greater than 6,000 cGy. In this study, the effect of radiation on brain tissue was studied in vivo. Jun and p53 genes in the rat brain were induced by whole body irradiation of rat with 600Co in doses between 1 Gy and 100 Gy and analyzed for expression of jun and p53 genes at the postirradiation time up to 6 hours. Northern analyses were done using 1.8 Kb & 0.8 Kb-pGEM-2-JUN/Eco RI/Pst I fragments, 2.0 Kb-php53B/Bam HI fragment and ,1.1 Kb-pBluescript SK--ACTIN/Eco RI fragment as the digoxigenin or [${\alpha}^{32}P$] dCTPlabeled probes for Jun, p53 and ${\beta}$-actin genes, respectively. Jun gene seemed to be expressed near the threshold levels in 1 hour after irradiation of $^{60}$Co in dose less than 1 Gy and was expressed in maximum at 1 hour after irradiation of $^{60}$Co in dose of 30 Gy. Jun was expressed increasingly with time until 5 or 6 hours after irradiation of $^{60}$Co in doses of 1 Gy and 10 Gy. After irradiation of $^{60}$Co in dose between 20 Gr and 100 Gy, the expression of Jun was however increased to peak in 2 hours and decreased thereafter. p53 gene in this study also seemed to be expressed near the threshold levels in 1 hour after irradiation of $^{60}$Co in dose less than 1 Gy and was expressed in maximum at 6 hours after irradiation of $^{60}$Co in dose of 1 Gy, p53 was expressed increasingly with time until 5 or 6 hours after irradiation of $^{60}$Co in dose between 1 Gy and 40 Gy. After irradiation of $^{60}$Co in doses of 50 Gy and 100 Gy, the expression of p53 was however increased to peak in 2 hours and decreased thereafter. The expression of Jun and p53 genes was not correlative in the brain tissue from rats. It seemed to be very important for the establishment of the optimum conditions for the animal studies relevant to the responses of genes inducible on DNA damage to ionizing radiation in mammalian cells. But there are many limitations to the animal studies such as the ununiform patterns of gene expression from the tissue because of its complex compositions. It is necessary to overcome the limitations for development of in situ Northern analysis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.77 no.3
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• pp.303-314
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• 1988

Tong-ri beach has not enough vegetation to be enjoyed by the sea bathers and to be satisfied with preventing the disaster-damages, but mixed forest near the beach can work its funtions and the old forest of Pirus thunbergii $P_{ARL}$. near the beach do a Little. Therefore it is very urgent to plant more trees near the beach for bathers and disaster-damage prevention. This study was carried out for planning an afforestation, with reporting upon the crown amounts and soil properties of disaster-damage prevention forests of P. thunbergii $P_{ARL}$. planted on the coast sand dunes in 1970 and 1976, and with reporting upon the valuation on soil properties of the lands near the beach in order to set the afforestation site. The results are as follows : 1. In disaster-damage prevention forests, crown surface area and crown volume became increasingly greater in proportion to the height. To D.B.H., crown volume also became increasingly greater in proportion, but crown surface area was directly proportional. 2. In comparison to sail characteristics of sand dune, those of the forests were in large quantity in OM, T-N and avail. $SiO_2$, and almost in the same in avail. $P_2O_5$, but in small quantity in exchangeable canons : K, Ca, Mg and Na. 3. EC, Cl and pH were in small value in the forest soils, but CEC was in large value in those soils. 4. Above facts showed that the forests fulfill their functions for preventing disaster-damages and improve their soil properties. 5. The forests have naturally been thinned up to 34% in 17 years and 39% in 11 years, and one can easily pass through the forest(planted in 1970), because of its sufficient clear-length(2.71m) and its space to pass. 6. A plan for afforestation was oracle nut after judging several sites by the evaluation on the soil properties and considering the best relaxation and the prevention of the various disaster-damages upon which were reported in the last issue. 7. Afforestation should be kept for maintaining its appropriate density for best relaxation and disaster-damage prevention.