• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.937-949
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• 2008

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the anti-hepatotoxic effect of ginseng in rats induced with CC14 or TCDD, the toxicities that cause liver damages. Primary studies were collected from the ScienceDirect database, the DBpia, and the KISS. The data on the effect factors in plasma and in enzyme are listed as many as possible: The effect factors were alanine transaminase(ALT), aspartate transaminase(AST), liver aminopyrine N-demethylase(AD), liver aniline hydroxylase(AH), liver 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine(liver MDA), cytochrome P450(P450), serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP), serum lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), cytochrome b5(Cyto b5), glutathione reductase (GR), Liver glutathione S-transferase(GST), liver glutamyltransferase (GT), Liver($\gamma$-GCS), serum liver 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine(serum MDA), serum sorbitol dehydrogenase(SDH), serum total protein(TP), and serum $\gamma$-glutamyltransferase($\gamma$-GT). In order to investigate the effect of ginseng, the standard mean difference(HG) between the group of rats induced with toxicity(RH) and the group of rats induced with ginseng(RHG) were combined, and the significance of HGs were tested. The combined HGs checked the biases caused by heterogeneity among studies and the publication biases. Then they were adjusted by using the random effect model and trim and fill method. Although the publication biases were assumed, among all plasma factors the HGs of ALT, AST, serum MDA, SDH, TP, and $\gamma$-GT were significant, and among all enzyme factors the HGs of liver MDA, Cyto b5, GR, GST, and GT were significant. The treatment with ginseng significantly affected the plasma and enzyme levels in rats induced with toxicity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.257-266
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• 1998

This study was conducted to examine the changes of the mechanical properties of the position in jean slacks during the wear, previously used for the wearing test, which were subjected to repeated tensile-shearing deformation using a simulated fatigue tester has been investigated and compared, by calculating both mechanical properties and hand value(HV) of these fabrics with KES-F system and the by obtaining the THV through these calculated properties. The results are as follows. 1. The fatigue phenomenon of mechanical properties was the LT, 2H B, 2HBS, MMD, SMD, RC values increased, elasticity values of tensile, bending and shearing properties, such as B, G and compression properties LC, WC were reduced. It was shown, then, that those fabrics lost their elasticity and became flexible and soft with the increase of fatigue. 2. The hand value and THV; except anterior knee from all part of KOSHI, NUMERI, FUKURAMI was decreased. 3. The fatigue phenomenon of hand value was different on the position of clothing; on the position of hip, rate of B, G smaller than other parts and KOSHI was decreased, on the part of anterior thigh was FUKURAMI was increased, on the anterior knee RC, NUMERI, THV was increased, on the posterior knee was 2HB, 2HG, 2HGS showed increasedgreater than any other part and on the hem of back, MMD was increased, but NUMERI was decreased. 4. The changing process of mechanical properties in the simulation testing by the fatigue tester has similar tendency to that of the wearing tester. It is concluded that this testing method is useful to predict the fatigue phenomena of fabrics caused by wearing.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.10
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• pp.57-66
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the tactile sensation and mechanical properties of towel. Six kinds of towels with different surface structure and fiber composition were used for this study. To evaluate the tactility of towel, 36 adjectives were collected and then 11 adjectives were selected. The subjective evaluation was examined by one to one comparative method and by blind test for estimating the only the sense of touch of the towels. Kawabata's Evaluation system for fabrics was used to measure the mechanical properties which are tensile, bending, shear, compression, surface, weight, and thickness of six towels. The results are as follows; First, surface structure of the towels had an effect on estimation the sense of touch. Pile surface was evaluated thicker, compacter, more cushiony, and more elastic. Waffle surface was evaluated knottier and rougher, and microfiber suede surface was evaluated softer and denser. Second, the highest value of the mechanical properties measured were G, 2HG, B, and SMD of 100% cotton 100% pile, WC, T, and W of elban loop pile, WT, 2HB, and LC of 100% cotton cut pile, RT and MIU of microfiber suede, and RC of microfiber waffle. Third, the 11 adjectives were correlated with more than one mechanical property. 'Knotty' and 'rough' were correlated with MMD and SMD, 'soft' were correlated with B, 2HB, MMD, and SMD. 'Thick', 'heavy', 'compact', and 'elastic' were correlated with WC, T, and W, 'cushiony' was correlated with WC. 'Stiff' was correlated with B and 2HB, 'dry out' was correlated with RT, WC, MIU, and T. 'Dense' was correlated with RT and SMD.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.73-79
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• 2012

Background: Aortic cross clamping is associated with spinal cord ischemia. This study used a rat spinal cord ischemia model to investigate the effect of distal aortic pressure on spinal cord perfusion. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=12) were divided into three groups. In group A (n=4), the aorta was not occluded. In groups B (n=4) and C (n=4), the aorta was occluded. In group B the distal aortic pressures dropped to around 20 mmHg. In group C, the distal aortic pressure was decreased to near zero. The carotid artery and tail artery were cannulated to monitor the proximal aortic pressure and the distal aortic pressure. Fluorescent microspheres were used to measure the regional blood flow in the spinal cord. Results: After aortic occlusion, blood flow to the cervical spinal cord showed no significant difference among the three groups. In groups B and C, the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord and renal blood flow decreased. No microspheres were detected in the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord of group C. Conclusion: The spinal cord blood flow is dependent on the distal aortic pressure after thoracic aortic occlusion.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.703-707
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• 2006

The propose of this study was to investigate the changes of available components in Chajogi (Perilla sikokiana B.) by different harvest periods. The Chajogi samples were divided into four groups by harvest period. The four groups were divided into I (harvesting sample at 14, July, 2005), II (harvesting sample at 25, July, 2005), III (harvesting sample at 15, Aug, 2005) and IV sample (harvesting sample at 2, Sept, 2005), and then analysed with regard to the content of proximate compositions, minerals, amino acids, perillaldehyde and anthocyanin. The contents of reducing sugar increased with increasing harvesting periods, while those of crude protein, crude lipid and total amino acids decreased for IV sample as compared to the other samples. The levels of heavy metals in all samples were not detected. The Zn, Fe and Mg contents of IV sample decreased sharply. The perilladehyde contents were 0.36%, 0.42% 0.45%, and 0.35% for I, II, III, and IV products, respectively. III sample as contented to the other samples was shown to have the highest anthocyanine content (1.21% in dry basis). In conclusion, the date of harvesting Chajogi affects the contents of available components.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.25-30
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• 2002

The ternary semiconducting compounds of the $A_{4}BX_{6}$(A=Cd, Zn, Hg; B=Si, Sn, Ge; X=S, Se, Te) type exhibit strong fluorescence and high photosensitivity in the visible and near infrared ranges, so these are supposed to be materials applicable to photoelectrical devices. These materials were synthesized and single crystals were first grown by Nitsche, who identified the crystal structure of the single crystals. In this paper. author describe the undoped and $Co^{2+}$-doped $Zn_{4}SnSe_{6}$ single crystals were grown by the chemical transport reaction(CTR) method using iodine of $6mg/cm^{3}$ as a transport agent. For the crystal. growth, the temperature gradient of the CTR furnace was kep at $700^{\circ}C$ for the source aone and at $820^{\circ}C$ for the growth zone for 7-days. It was found from the analysis of x-ray diffraction that undoped and $Co^{2+}$-doped $Zn_{4}SnSe_{6}$ compounds have a monoclinic structure. The optical absorption spectra obtained near the fundamental absorption edge showed that these compounds have a direct energy gaps. These temperature dependence of the optical energy gap were closely investigated over the temperature range 10[K]~300[K]

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.518-524
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• 2010

A mannanase gene (man26B) was obtained from a sea bacterium, Paenibacillus sp. BME-14, through the constructed genomic library and inverse PCR. The gene of man26B had an open reading frame of 1,428 bp that encoded a peptide of 475- amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 53 kDa. Man26B possessed two domains, a carbohydrate binding module (CBM) belonging to family 6 and a family 26 catalytic domain (CD) of glycosyl hydrolases, which showed the highest homology to Cel44C of P. polymyxa (60% identity). The optimum pH and temperature for enzymatic activity of Man26B were 4.5 and $60^{\circ}C$, respectively. The activity of Man26B was not affected by $Mg^{2+}$ and $Co^{2+}$, but was inhibited by $Hg^{2+},\;Ca^{2+},\;Cu^{2+},\;Mn^{2+},\;K^+,\;Na^+$, and $\beta$-mercaptoethanol, and slightly enhanced by $Pb^{2+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$. EDTA did not affect the activity of Man26B, which indicates that it does not require divalent ions to function. Man26B showed a high specific activity for LBG and konjac glucomannan, with $K_m,\;V_{max}$, and $k_{cat}$ values of 3.80 mg/ml, 91.70 ${\mu}mol$/min/mg protein, and 77.08/s, respectively, being observed when LBG was the substrate. Furthermore, deletion of the CBM6 domain increased the enzyme stability while enabling it to retain 80% and 60% of its initial activity after treatment at $80^{\circ}C$ and $90^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, respectively. This finding will be useful in industrial applications of Man26B, because of the harsh circumstances associated with such processes.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2007

The cellulase gene of Bacillus licheniformis K11 which has plant growth-promoting activity by auxin and antagonistic ability by siderophore was cloned in pUC18 using PCR employing heterologous primers. The 1.6kb PCR fragment contained the full sequence of the cellulase gene, denoted celW which has been reported to encode a 499 amino acid protein. Similarity search in protein data base revealed that the cellulase from B. licheniformis K11 was more than 97% identical in amino acid sequence to those of various Bacillus spp. The cellulase protein from B. licheniformis K11, overproduced in E. coli DH5${\alpha}$ by the lac promoter on the vector, had apparent molecular weight of 55 kDa upon CMC-SDS-PAGE analysis. The protein not only had enzymatic activity toward carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC), but also was able to degrade insoluble cellulose, such as Avicel and filter paper (Whatman$^{\circledR}$ No. 1). In addition, the cellulase could degrade a fungal cell wall of Phytophthora capsici. Consequently B. licheniformis K11 was able to suppress the peperblight causing P. capsici by its cellulase. Biochemical analysis showed that the enzyme had a maximum activity at 60$^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.0. Also, the enzyme activity was activated by Co$^{2+}$ of Mn$^{2+}$ but inhibited by Fe$^{3+}$ or Hg$^{2+}$. Moreover, enzyme activity was not inhibited by SDS or sodium azide.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.151-161
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• 2006

This study was made to find out how health practice affect on nutrition status of the college freshmen in male and female. 400 freshmen students in 4year colleges were surveyed. Questionnaire and blood analysis were made. The contents of questionnaire contained general characteristics, health practice behavior, and food intake. The physical measurement included height, weight and blood pressure. The questions for health practice were about drinking, smoking, BMI, skipping breakfast and sleeping. Nutrient intake was expressed by DDS(Dietary Diversity Score by 5 food groups) and DVS (Dietary Variety Score) and 24-hrs recall method was used to find out the quantity of daily food intake. EAR% was calculated and NAR and MAR were produced. The results are as follows: 1) BMI was $22.77kg/m^2$ for males and $20.42kg/m^2$ for females. The ratio maintaining normal weight indicated by BMI of 18.5-23 was higher(p<0.001) for female students(63.2%) than males(56.5%). The ratio of overweight with over $23kg/m^2$ of BMI was 28.5% for males and 8.8% for females(p<0.001). 2)The ratio of drinking students was 59.4% for males and 40.6% for female(p<0.001). And the ratio of smoking students was 95.2% for males and 4.8% for females(p<0.001). 3) The ratio of poor health practice group was 35.7% for males and 25.5% for females, and that of excellent one was 25.4% for males and 33.1% for females(p<0.05). 4) In NAR, the lowest ratio was observed for the intake of Ca, Fe, Vitamin C and Vitamin $B_2$. The intake of Fe, Vitamin $B_2$ and phosphorus were different significantly according to sexuality. For Fe, female students showed lower level than male students(p<0.001). For Vitamin $B_2$, and phosphorus female students showed higher level(p<0.001). 5) In MAR, there was no difference according to sexuality in almost all of the ingredients. 6) For energy intake, male and female students showed 59% and 66% of EAR and it was insufficient for them. 7) For protein, more than 100% was obtained. The lowest ratio was observed for the intake of vitamin C 50.8%, Ca 53.6% and Fe 65.1% of EAR were obtained. The lowest intake ratio and for the intake of Fe female students obtained just 37.5% of EAR showing high risk of anemia. The intake of energy(p<0.001), phosphorus(p<0.01), niacin(p<0.05), Fe(p<0.001), and Vitamin $B_2$ (p<0.001) were different significantly according to sexuality. For Fe, female students showed lower level than male students(p<0.001). For energy, phosphorus, niacin, and Vitamin $B_2$ female students showed higher level(p<0.001) than male students. 8) For blood pressure, male students showed normal level of 120.7/79.1 mmHg, however, female students showed 114.5/75.4 mmHg lower than male (p<0.001). 9). In blood, for hemoglobin female students showed significantly lower level than that of male(p<0.001). T-Cholesterol and HDL-Cholesterol female students showed higher level than males (p<0.001), And for triglyceride male students showed higher level than females(p<0.001). Ca and Fe female students showed lower level (p<0.001).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.349-355
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to estimate effect of academic examination stress on taste perception and nutrient intakes in university students. Physical status, blood pressure, stress score using stress test of 2 types, recognition threshold and preference for taste, nutrient intakes using diet record method were measured before and after examination in 20 subjects. Mean age, height, weight, and BMI of the subjects were 23.39$\pm$1.20 years, 164.56$\pm$7.99 cm, 60.66$\pm$13.23 kg, 22.28$\pm$4.56 kg/$m^2$, respectively. Stress scores before examination of the subjects were significantly higher than those after examination. There were no significant differences in blood pressure, pulse rate, recognition threshold and just right concentration for sweetness and saltness, and food and nutrient intakes between pre- and post-examination. There were significantly positive correlation between stress score and diastolic blood pressure. And threshold concentration for saltness was positively correlated with threshold concentration for sweetness and animal protein intake. These results show no effect of examination stress on taste perception and nutrient intakes in university students. This may be due to low level of stress. Therefore, it is needed to study about effect of more higher level of stress on taste perception and nutrient intakes.