• 대한중풍순환신경학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

■ Objectives This study was designed to investigate the effects of Ephedra Herba hexane fraction on lipid levels in serum and lipid accumulation in liver tissue in Hyperlipidemic mice. ■ Methods Hyperlipidemia was induced by providing high fat diet for 4 weeks. Normal group was provided with normal diet. CTL groupwas provided with high fat diet. Ephedra Herba hexane fraction group was provieded with high fat diet and administered orally in the concentration of 1.5mg/kg body weight/day for 2 weeks. In this experiment, effects on total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, AST, ALT, fasting blood glucose in serum were measured. In addition histopathological changes in liver tissue were also observed. ■ Results Ephedra Herba hexane fraction did not affects weight gain, serum AST and ALT in hyperlipidemic mice. Oral administration of Ephedra Herba hexane fraction lowered levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride, which were elevated by induction of hyperlipidemia. In addition, Ephedra Herba hexane fraction group showed downward tendency of lipid accumulation compared with CTL group. Finally, administration of Ephedra Herba hexane fraction lowered fasting blood glucose significantly. And Ephedra Herba hexane fraction also ameliorates anti-oxidative stress systems in internal organs which play key role in disease prevention. ■ Conclusion These results suggest that Ephedra Herba hexane fraction can prevent lipid accumulation in liver tissue through regulation of dyslipidemia and hyperglycaemia.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2007

Yam, Prunella was stepwise extracted with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water. Anti-microbial activity of each extract was investigated. Hexane extract was tested for anti-microbial effect on Streptocaccus mutans, one of causative factor of dental caries. Methanol extracts of 7 plants were investigated to anti-microbial effects on S. mutans KCTC 5316, P. gingivalis KCTC 5352, S. aureus KCTC 1927 by means of agar diffusion method. Methanol extract of Yam and Prunella revealed anti-microbial activity against S. mutans, P. gingivalis, and S. aureus. Also, hexane fraction of Yam revealed anti-microbial activity against S. mutans. In sequence of hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol fraction by Prunelia acted as potent anti-microbial agent on P. gingivalis. The measured MIC of hexane fraction of Yam and Prunella on S. mutans KCTC 5316 strain was 0.25 mg/ml and 0.5 mg/ml and the MIC of hexane fraction of Prunella on S. aureus was 0.5 mg/ml. The hexane fraction of Yam and Prunella suppressed viable ceil counts(VCC) of S. mutans, especially after 24 hrs. The Prunella hexane fraction suppressed VCC of S. aureus, after 12 and 24 hrs. Tested concentrations were 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/ml. the results were compared with control (0 mg/ml). The pH of S. mutans media and GTase activity were determined to evaluate the anticariogenic activity of Yam, Prunella hexane fraction. The pH were increased from 5.6 to 7.0-7.2 in concentration of 2.0 mg/ml. Yam hexane extraction revealed 35% inhibition to GTase activity and Punella inhibited 25% of GTase. These results suggest that the hexane extracts of Yam and prunella have Antibacterial activities against S. mutans, P. gingivalis, S. aureus and have preventive effect on dental caries.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1076-1081
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• 1998

The purpose of this research was to isolate an active component on immunoytes from 70% MeOH extract of Codonopsis lanceolatae Radix(CLE). CLE was fractionated successively with hexane, methylene chloride, n-butyl alcohol and water, and then the water fraction was separated with molecularporous membrane tubing(m.w. 3,500). Each fraction(50mg/kg) was administered p.o. once a day for 7 days in BALB/c mice respectively. None of these fractions affected the apoptosis and mitochondrial transmembrane potential in thymocyte. Hexane and methylene chloride fractions decreased CD4$^{[-10]}$ CD8$^{+}$ single-positive cells, and the water fraction enhanced CD4$^{+}$ CD8$^{[-10]}$ single-positive cells in thymocyte. The proliferation of thymocytes was decreased by the fraction hexane, but was enhanced by the water fraction. Hexane, methylene chloride and butyl alcohol fractions suppressed the production of nitric oxide, which was not affected by the water fraction. Hexane and butyl alcohol fraction suppressed the phagocytic activity, but water fraction enhanced it. The components(m.w. 3,500 above) separated from the water fraction enhanced the proliferation of thymocyte, the population of CD4$^{+}$ CDB$^{[-10]}$ single-positive cells, and phagocytic activity in macrophage. These results suggest that the stimulative components of proliferation, TH population and phagorytc activity is in the water fraction, and the molecular weight is 3,500 above. (Korean J Nutrition 31(6) : 1076~1081, 1998) 1998)

• KSBB Journal
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.220-223
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• 2001

Melanin 생합성에 관련된 tyrosinase 저해활성올 생 쑥과 건조 쑥 용매 추출물로부터 검색하였다. 쑥은 ethanol, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate 용매 및 열수 추출을 하였고, 생 쑥의 ethanol 추출물의 ethyl acetate 분획과 건조 쑥의 ethan야 추출물의 hexane 분획에서 회수올은 각각 15.2%와 15.5%로 가장 높았다. 각 용매 추출물의 tyrosinase 활성 저해율은 건조 쑥 추출불보다 생 쑥 추출울이 더 높았고, 생 쑥의 ethanol 추출물의 chloroform 분획과 hexane 분획에서 각각 98.9%와 9 96.7%로 큰 저해활성을 가졌다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.365-369
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• 1995

본 연구는 생강의 추출획분 즉, 핵산, 에테르, 에틸아세테이트 및 핵산-에테르획분(1 : 1, v/v)을 얻어서 각 획분에 존재하는 진저롤의 함량과 대두유 및 간 마이크로좀에서 지질과산화의 억제 효과를 비교하였다. 생강에서 핵산, 에테르, 에틸아세테이트 및 핵산-에테르획분(1 : 1, v/v)을 추출하여 HPLC를 사용하여 진저롤의 함량을 분석한 결과 각각 49.50, 20.74, 21.43와 93.70%였다. 이 4가지의 추출획분을 대두유에 0.2%(w/w) 농도가 되도록 첨가하여 45$^{\circ}C$에서 저장하여서 상대적 항산화효과(RAE)를 본 결과 핵산, 에테르, 에틸아세테이트 및 핵산-에테르획분(1 : 1, v/v)이 각각 2.60, 2.33, 2.07, 2.75이었고, 0.02% 농도의 BHT첨가군은 RAE가 1.74였다. 각 획분의 흰쥐 간의 마이크로좀의 지질과산화 억제율은 핵산, 에테르, 에틸아세테이트획분이 350 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$의 반응액농도에서 각각 93, 92, 86%의 억제율을 나타냈고, 핵산-에테르획분(1 : 1, v/v)은 20 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$의 낮은 반응액농도에서 89%의 억제율을 나타냈다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.497-503
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• 1992

영지 추출액의 항산화 활성을 thiocyanate method, TBA method, weighing method를 이용하여 검색한 결과 n-hexane 추출물, methanol 추출물에서 항산화활성이 나타났으며 그 중에서 n-hexane 추출물의 fraction V와 methanol 추출물의 methanol 불용성 fraction II에서 강한 활성을 나타내었다. 이들 항산화 활성을 나타내는 fraction 5와 fraction II를 rat의 간 균질액을 이용한 항산화 활성 검색에서 과산화 지질 생성억제를 TBA값으로 나타내어 inhibition ratio(I.R.)를 산출하였으며 그 결과 n-hexane 추출물의 fraction V는 l5%, methanol 추출물의 methanol 불용성 fraction II는 54.6%의 억제율을 나타내었다 이는 rat의 간 mitochondria에서 과산화지질 생성 억제율이 영지의 물 추출물은 16%, acetone 추출물은 23%인 것에 비하여 약간 높았으나, microsome에서 과산화지질 생성 억제율이 물 추출물은 44%, acetone 추출물은 75%인 것에 비하여 다소 낮은 활성을 보여주었다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.384-390
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• 1998

The methanol extract of Torilis Fructus showed potent anti-edematous effect in carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. Systematic fractionation of the extract with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol resulted in potent anti-edematous action only in hexane fraction at an oral dose of 237 mg/kg which is corresponding to 4.8 g of raw Fructus. This hexane fraction showed inhibitory effects at 77 mg/kg p.o on vascular permeability in mice, at 8mg/pouch on leucocyte emigration in rats, and at 120 mg/kg p.o. on adjuvant arthritis model in rats. These results demonstrate that hexane fraction of the extract possesses potent anti-inflammatory effect which may support its traditional uses.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.315-322
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial activities of organic extracts obtained from the fruit of Thuja orientalis L. The native fruits in Korea were collected and extracted by 80% ethanol, and the extract was sequentially fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, and butanol. The fraction yields of n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and water of ethanol extract were 10.15%, 10.05%, 1.45%, 45.35% and 27.55%, respectively. n-Hexane-soluble fraction showed the highest antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria, while the chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and aqueous fractions did not show any antibacterial activity. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) on Staphyloycoccus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Sateptococcus pneumoniae, n-hexane-soluble fraction were $100\;{\mu}g$, $500\;{\mu}g$ and $50\;{\mu}g$/disc, respectively. The antibacterial activity was not destroyed by heating at 80, 100, $120^{\circ}C$ for 30 min and was not affected by pH. In the inhibitory test against the Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Sateptococcus pneumoniae, n-hexane-soluble fraction showed potent growth inhibition at the concentration of 0.1 and $0.5\;{\mu}g/mL$ for 12~24 hours and n-hexane-soluble fraction did not show any mutagenic activity.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.364-372
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• 2004

일당귀의 n-hexane분획이 횐쥐에서 에탄올투여로 생성된oxygen free radical대사와 지질과산화작용에 미치는 영향을검토하기 위하여 실험동물을 정상군, 일당귀 n-hexane 분획70 mg/kg투여군, 알코올투여군(35$\%$ ethanol 10 mL/kg, b.w./day), 알코올(35$\%$ ethanol 10 mL/kg, b.w./day) 및 일당귀 n-hexane 분획 70 mg/kg 병합투여군과 알코올(35$\%$ ethanol 10mL/kg, b.w./day) 및 일당귀 n-hexane 분획 140 mL/kg 병합투여군의 5군으로 나누어 6주간 사육하여 체중증가율, 식이효율 및 혈청중 ALT, AST 측정과 간손상 억제효과를 검토하기 위하여 간조직중 유리기 생성계 효소인 XO활성, 유리기해독계 효소인 SOD, calaase 및 GSH-Px활성과 지질과산화물인 TBARS 및 GSH함량을 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 각 분획의 항산화력은 n-hexane, ethylacetate, chloroform,n-butanol 및 water 분획순으로, n-hexane 분획의 항산화력이가장 우수하였다. 6주간의 체중증가율과 식이효율은 알코올투여로 정상군에 비하여 유의적으로 저하되었으나 일당귀 n-hexane 분획투여로 정상군에 근접하게 상승되었고, 알코올투여로 상승된ALT 및 AST활성도 유의하게 저하되었다. 간 조직중 XO활성은 알코올투여로 정상군보다 상승되었으며 일당귀 n-hexane 분획 투여로 저하는 되었지만 유의성 있는 변화는 아니었다. 알코을 투여로 상승된 SOD활성은일당귀 n-hexane 분획 투여로 정상군에 비하여 유의하게 저하되었으나 catalase와 GSH-Px활성은 유의적인 변화를 나타내지 않았다. TBA 반응성 산물량은 정상군과 일당귀 n-hexane 분획 투여군간에 차이는 없었고 알코올투여로 정상군보다 많은 증가를 나타냈으나 일당귀 n-hexane 분획투여로 정상군에 근접하게 감소되었다. 알코올투여로 감소된 GSH 함량은 일당귀 n-hexane분획을 투여하여 용량의존적으로 증가되었다. 이상의 실험결과에서 일당귀의 항산화작용은 유리기 해독계 효소인 SOD활성억제와 비효소적 항산화작용을 나타내는GSH량을 증가시킴으로서 지질과산화물에 대한 방어력이 증강되어 나타난 결과로 판단되어지며, 또한 혈청중 ALT 및AST활성을 유의성있게 감소시키므로써 일당귀가 알코올성 간질환에서 손상된 간기능을 회복시킬 수 있을 것으로 추정되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.350-357
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• 2007

This study was conducted in an effort to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and antibiotic-resistant gene regulation from Saliva miltiorrhiza Bunge on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). A variety of solvent fractions and methanol extracts of S. miltiorrhiza Bunge were tested in order to determine its antimicrobial activities against S. aureus and MRSA. As a result, the hexane fraction of S. miltiorrhiza Bunge evidenced the highest levels of antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and MRSA. The MICs of the hexane fraction against various MRSA specimens were $64. The hexane fraction evidenced inhibitory effects superior to those of the chloroform fraction. The results showed inhibition zones of hexane (16 mm) and chloroform (14 mm) fractions against MRSA KCCM 40511 at $1,000{\mu}g/disc$. The hexane and chloroform fractions inhibited the expression of the resistant genes, mecA, mecR1, and femA in mRNA. Moreover, the results of Western blotting assays indicated that the hexane and chloroform fractions inhibited the expression of the resistant protein, PBP2a. These results reveal that the hexane and chloroform fractions of S. miltiorrhiza Bunge may prove to be a valuable choice for studies targeted toward the development of new antimicrobial agents.