• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2004

The abundance, biomass and distribution of phytoplankton, bacterioplankton and heterotrophic protists in the Bering Sea were investigated from July to August 1999. Chlorophyll a concentrations in the surface waters ranged from 0.16 to $3.79{\mu}g\;l^{-1}$ Nano-phytoplankton were found to constitute from 63 to 98% of the total phytoplankton biomass, and were clearly the dominant primary producers. The biomass of bacterioplankton in the surface layers varied from 1.46 to $20.2{\mu}g\;C\;l^{-1}$ and accounted for 30% of the total phytoplankton biomass. The biomass of bacterioplankton integrated over a depth of 0 to 100m averaged 65.4% of the total phytoplankton biomass. The surface biomass of heterotrophic protists ranged from 1.2 to $27.4{\mu}g\;C\;l^{-1}$, and was within the same order of magnitude as that of bacterioplankton. Of the total biomass of heterotrophic protists in the upper 100m of the water column, 65% was attributed to protists in the nano-size class. The results of this study suggest that bacteria and nano-protists are important components of the planktonic community in the Bering Sea during the summer season. The abundance of bacterioplankton and planktonic protists decreased from the western to northeastern and eastern regions of the Bering Sea. The abundance of these organisms also decreased with depth. The available evidence suggests that variation in the abundance and distribution of these organisms may be affected by water currents and vertical temperature variation in the Bering Sea.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.285-291
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• 2000

강진만 수역에서 이화학적 요인과 미생물군집의 변화를 조사하기 위해 영양염류, 수온, 투명도, 염분도, DO, COD 및 종속영양세균, 균류 그리고 분변성 대장균을 계절별로 분석하였다. 분석 결과 조사기간 동안 분변성 대장균군과 종속영양세균의 개체수 변화는 각각 16.1~166.0 CFU/ml 과 $5.0{\times}10^3$~$13.1{\times}10^3$CFU/ml의 범위를 보였다. 또한 이들 세균군집의 정점별 평균값은 다른 정점보다 담수유입 수역인 1번 정점에서 매우 높은 밀도를 보였다. 이화학적 조사와 미생물학적 조사 결과를 고찰했을 때 강진만 생태계는 계절에 따라 2~4개 요인에 의하여 조절되는 것으로 보이며, 주로 담수유입, 영양염류, 염분도 그리고 수온 등에 의하여 영향을 받는 것으로 판단되었다. 이들 결과로 볼 때 강진만의 생태계에서 환경 요인의 영향은 다른 만 (광양만, 진해만, 마산만 등)에 비해 상대적으로 적었던 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2002

Removal of malodorous gases from swine manure by a polyurethane biofilter inoculated with heterotrophic and autotrophic bacteria was investigated. Ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and other gases could be efficiently treated at 3~3.6 second of empty bed retention time by the polyurethane biofilter. In the range of SV $200~l,200h^{-1}$ , the average removal efficiency of odor was about 89% when the odor unit of inlet gas was below 4100. Odor elimination capacity of the polyurethane biofilter was$ 1.8$\times$10^{5}$ $~5.0$\times$10^{7}$OUㆍm$^{-3}$ㆍ$h^{-1}$ that were 84~90% of the inlet load. The critical loads of $NH_3$ and $H_2$S, which mean 97% removal with respect to the inlet loads, were 31 and $27 g.m^{-3}$ ㆍ$h^{-1}$ , respectively. The maximum elimination capacities of $NH_3$ and $H_2$S were 56 and $157 gㆍm^{-3}$ ㆍh$^{-1}$ , respectively. Although the removability for$ NH_3$ and $H_2$S was not influenced by $H_2$S$NH_3$ ratio (ppmv/ppmv), the $H_2$S removability was inhibited by high $H_2$S concentration more than 80 ppmv.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.251-255
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• 2003

The bacterial compositions of seven hot-pepper sown soil were compared in this study. From the 624 isolates, 95 species and 49 genera were identified by fatty acid methyl ester analysis (FAME). The FAME results of seven soil showed two distinct clusters for aerobic and Gram-negative bacteria in the high productivity and monoculture soil samples. While Arthrobacter ($17\%$), Kocuria ($11\%$), Pseudomonas ($8\%$), and Bacillus ($8\%$) were predominant among bacteria which were cultured on heterotrophic (YG) agar medium, Pseudomonas ($56\%$), Stenotrophomonas ($16\%$), and Burkholderia ($8\%$) were predominant on crystal violet agar medium. Shannon Weaver indices (H) indicated that colonies obtained from heterotrophic agar medium (3.1) were found to be more diverse than those obtained from the crystal violet media (1.9). The results suggest that FAME analysis may be a potential indicator for of soil quality.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.1141-1146
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• 2010

상수공급계 모래여과수에 존재하는 종속영양 호기성 세균을 NA 및 TSBA 고체배지로 분리하고 군체의 형태 및 색체로 구분 정량하여 우점종 8종을 선정, 정제하고 Sherlock System으로 동정하였다. 이들 각 종류의 세균에 대하여 액체배양한 후 세정하여 $10^6{\sim}10^7\;cells/mL$ 증류수 현탁액을 조제하여 CBD 중압 자외선 램프로 0, 5, 16, 40, $60\;mJ/cm^2$ 조사량으로 조사한 후 희석, 평판배지에 접종 배양하여 생존 세균농도를 정량하여 불활성화율을 평가하였다. Gram 양성균으로 Bacillus subtillis, Bacillus megaterium, Rhodococcus erythropolis, Microbacterium laevaniformans 등이 Gram 음성균으로 Pseudomonas pseudoflava, Pseudomonas vesicularis, Alcaligenes paradoxus, Zooglea ramigera 등이 동정되었다. 분리된 세균종들은 중압 자외선 조사에 높은 저항성을 나타내었으며, 표준균주보다 강하였다. 또한 Gram 양성세균이 Gram 음성세균에 비해 월등히 강한 내성을 나타내었다. 중압 자외선 램프를 상수처리장의 소독목적으로 도입할 경우 $60{\sim}100\;mJ/cm^2$의 조사량으로 높여 조사하여야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.487-494
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• 2003

In this research, water qualities of river water and bank-filtrate were compared for six months including winter season. The location studied was Galjon area, the downstream of the Nakdong river. The well for bank-filtrate was installed 40 m apart from riverside. Main analytic results of bank-filtrate and river water were summarized as followings; the average concentrations in bank-filtrate were turbidity 0.8NTU, TN 0.4mg/l, $BOD_5$, 0.1mg/l, $KMnO_4$ consumption 1.6mg/l, heterotrophic bacteria 350cfu/ml, Fe 0.5mg/l, Mn 0.99mg/l while the average concentrations in river water were turbidity 6.1NTU, TN 3.9mg/l, $BOD_5$, 3.6mg/l, $KMnO_4$ consumption 11mg/l, heterotrophic bacteria 1,640cfu/ml, Fe 0.28mg/l, Mn 0.04mg/l. Water quality of bank-filtrate was mostly shown a good results than it of river water excepting Fe and Mn. In even basic constituents such as water temperature and pH, bank-filtrate was very settled while river water was extraordinary changable and high. In case of nitrogen, especially, total nitrogen of river water was 3.9mg/l while it of bank-filtrate was 0.4mg/l and its reduction was very high. The reason is that $NH^+_4-N$ among total nitrogen in the river water is nitrified and then denitrified in soil layer when it is pumped up as bank-filtrate. But Fe and Mn caused by the characteristics of soil was very high in bank-filtrate while Mn in river water was particularly very low and settled. As the distance between riverside and well was longer, concentration of Fe and Mn may be went up while its bacteria may be reduced.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.409-418
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to characterize penicillin G resistant bacteria in surface water from pharmaceutical complex effluent. Methods: Surface water was sampled from pharmaceutical complex effluent in Gyeonggi-do Province, Korea in March 2015. Water samples were plated in triplicate on tryptic soy agar plates with 32 mg/L of penicillin G. Penicillin G resistant bacteria were selected from the effluent and subjected to 16S rRNA analysis for the penicillin G resistant species determination. Identified resistant strains were tested for resistance to various antibiotics. Results: Penicillin G resistant bacteria were present at 8.0% in terms of culturable heterotrophic bacteria. Identified penicillin G resistant bacteria exhibited resistance to more than nine of the antibiotics studied. These resistant bacteria are gram negative and are closely related to pathogenic species. Conclusion: Multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria in the surface water of pharmaceutical complex effluent suggest the need for disinfection and advanced oxidation processed for pharmaceutical effluent.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2015

Objectives: This study aims to understand the concentration, diversity, and antibiotic characteristics of oxytetracycline resistant bacteria present in a surface water environment. Methods: Water sampling was performed in Cheongmi Stream in Gyeonggi-do, Korea in February and August 2014. Water samples collected from two sites were plated in triplicate on tryptic soy agar plates with 30 mg/L of oxytetracycline. Oxytetracycline resistant bacteria were selected from surface water in Cheongmi Stream and were subjected to 16S rDNA analysis for oxytetracycline resistant species determination. Identified resistant strains were tested for resistance to various antibiotics. Results: Results from this study indicate that the dominant resistant organisms in this aquatic environment are from family Acinetobacter and family Aeromonas. As to culturable heterotrophic bacteria, Oxytetracycline resistant bacteria were present 0.45-0.93% during winter and 0.08-0.38% during summer. Most oxytetracycline resistant bacteria exhibited resistance to more than ten of the antibiotics studied. The diversity of oxytetracycline resistant bacteria in winter was higher than in summer. Conclusion: Most of these resistant bacteria are Gram negative and are closely related to pathogenic species. These results suggest that increasing multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria in the surface water environment has a close relation to the reckless use of antibiotics in livestock.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.271-278
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• 2006

To investigate the variations of physico-chemical factors and microbial population, in ten stations at water region of coastal area of Chagwi-Do, Nutritive salts, water temperature, transparency, suspended solid, salinity, COD, DO, pH, heterotrophic bacteria, coliform group and Vibrio spp. were analysed three times in September, November in 2004 and February in 2005. Heterotrophic bacteria in surface water was $3.5X10^1{\sim}1.16X10^3cfu/ml,\;1.0X10^2{\sim}5.2X10^1cfu/ml\;2.0X10^1{\sim}7.6X10^1cfu/ml$ and bottom water counted $7.0X10^2{\sim}1.0X10^3cfu/ml,\;1.4X10^1{\sim}2.5X10^2cfu/ml\;2.0X10^2{\sim}4.2X10^1cfu/ml$ in September, November in 2004 and February in 2005, respectively. The cell number of total coliform bacteria in the surface water amounted to $0{\sim}4.3X10^2cfu/ml,\;0{\sim}6.0X10^1cfu/ml,\;0{\sim}1.0X10^1cfu/ml$ and bottom water amounted $0{\sim}2.2X10^2cfu/ml,\;0{\sim}5.4X0^2cfu/ml,\;0{\sim}2.0X10^1cfu/ml$ in September, November in 2004 and February in 2005, respectively. As for Vibrio spp., the cell number in the surface water was $1.0X10^1{\sim}2.5X10^2cfu/ml,\;1.0X10^1{\sim}2.0X10^1cfu/ml,\;0cfu/ml$ and bottom water counted $1.0X10^1{\sim}5.2X10^2cfu/ml,\;0cfu/ml,\;2.0X10^1cfu/ml$ in September, November in 2004 and February in 2005, respectively.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.74-81
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• 2009

2007년 7월부터 12월까지 총 5회 전라북도 군산에 위치한 초등학교의 정수기 물을 대상으로 미생물학적 수질에 대하여 조사하였다. 조사기간 중 정수기 물의 종속영양세균의 분포는 $0{\sim}1.2{\pm}0.2{\times}10^4CFU/ml$의 범주에서 나타났는데, 이 중 최대값은 우리나라 먹는 물 수질기준을 120배 초과하는 값을 나타냈다. 월별 수질기준을 초과하는 정수기 물의 백분율은 7월과 9월에 90%, 10월과 11월에 87.2%, 12월에 93.7%로 조사되었다. 한편 총대장균군과 병원성 세균인 Salmonella와 Shigella는 정수기 물과 수돗물에서 모두 검출되지 않았다. 총 5회의 실험 중 정수기 물에서 분리한 세균을 분자생물학적인 방법으로 동정한 결과, Sphingomonas, Methylobacterium, Caulobacter, Novosphingobium, Bosea, Brevundimonas, Aminobacter, Ralstonia, Mitsuaria, Variovorax, Acidovorax, Massilia, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Brevibacillus, Microbacterium, Lapillicoccus, Micrococcus, Arthrobacter, Janibacter, Flavobacterium, Chryseobacterium, Hymenobacter 등 26개 속이 동정되었다. 검출된 세균의 대부분은 일반 환경에서 다량 존재하는 세균들로서 병원성이 없으나, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Flavobacterium johnsoniae, Acinetobacter johnsonii 등은 기회감염균으로 면역력이 낮은 초등학교 학생들의 경우 감염의 가능성이 있다.