• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.62-69
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• 2016

This paper proposes to select Measure of Performance(MOP) for object attainment in the counterfire operation and deduce the reasonable combination of blue force's hitting resources satisfying MOP's optimal value and regression equation for the object achievement time. Also, in the study-methodological perspective, a series of procedures for drawing the regression equation from the real world is presented. Firstly the model was made by simplifying the weapon-system information of red force and blue force, then the time for object attainment was derived from its simulation. Simulating the model for the counterfire operation was divided into three phases-detection, decision and hitting. The probability method by applying the random numbers were used for detection, fixed constant numbers for decision and hitting. The simulation was repeatedly performed to get the minimum time for the object attainment against the fixed enemy, and it was estimated as the optimal value of simulation. From this result, the optimum combination of blue force's weapon system against the red force and finally, the regression equation were obtained by using the response surface analyzing method in MINITAB. Thereafter this equation was completely verified by using 'the 2-sample t-test.' As a result, the regression equation is suitable.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 1976

Some factors of seawater such as water temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen and asturation of dissolved oxygen were determined in 5 meters intervals from surface to bottom at 11 stations in Yeongil Bay of Korea during late October 1973. Distribution pattern of water masses in Yeongil Bay during the period seemed to be heterogeneous as dividing into two parts of surface and bottom. Water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and saturation of dissolved oxygen of surface water mass showed higher values and salinity of the mass showed lower values than those factors of bottom water mass. Surface water mass might be originated from Tsushima current during summer season and bottom water mass from cold body of East Sea of Korea which seemed to extend to coastal zone during winter season. Land water discharge from Hyeongsan River into the Bay is considered as a minor factor playing slight role in the water mass composition of the area.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.197-202
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• 1995

The surface morphology and grain growth of amophous silicon (a-Si) films deposited by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) have been investigated as a function of deposition and in sltu annealing condition. The film deposited at the amorphous to polycrystalline transition temperature has an extra-rough, rugged surface with (311) t.exture. At the same deposition temperature, the grain structure tends to shirr. from the polycrystalline to the amorphous phase with increasing the film thickness. It is found that nucleation of a-Si during in situ annealing at the transition temperature without breaking the vacuum starts to occur from surface Si atom migration in contrast to a heterogeneous nucleation during film deposition.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2003

For the purpose of obtaining surface-anionized poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel beads, vinyl acetate(VAc) and methacrylic acid(MMA) were copolymerized by the suspension polymerization technique and followed by the saponification. It was confirmed by $^1$H-NMR that the copolymerized microspheres contained carboxylic acid groups in their surface. poly(VAc-co-MAA) microspheres were completely saponified in the heterogeneous system. The saponification reaction was laster than that of PVAc microspheres. We observed the swelling property of saponified PVA microspheres treated in the acidic solution and in the alkaline solution successively. Saponified microspheres shrank in acidic solution and swelled in alkaline solution respectively, which was reversible. from the result, saponified microspheres were highly water-absorbing hydrogel beads and were certified -COOH group at their surface by $^1$H-NMR and FT-IR.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2018.06a
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• pp.43.1-43.1
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• 2018

Spatial distribution of binding state in depth direction is investigated in a hard skin layer on soft polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fabricated by Ar ion beam irradiations. The hard skin layer known as a silica-like homogenous layer was composed of two layers. Impinging Ar ions transfer energy to PDMS as a function of collisional energy transfer rate, which is the maximum at surface and decreases gradually as an ion penetrates. This formed the heterogeneous hard skin layer that consists of a top-most layer and an intermediate layer. XPS depth profiling showed the existence of the top-most layer and intermediate layer. In the top-most layer, scission and cross-linking were occurred simultaneously and Si-O bond showed dissociated status, SiOx (x = 1.25 - 1.5). Under the top-most layer, there was the intermediate layer in which cross-linking is mainly occurred and Si-O bond showed silica-like binding status, SiOx (x = 1.75 - 2). And theoretical analysis which calculates the collisional energy transfer and a displacement per atom explained the thickness variation of top-most layer according to Ar ion energy from 360 eV to 840 eV.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07c
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• pp.2193-2195
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• 2005

The hybrid discharge reactor was designed for the application of wastewater treatment and the removal of hazardous volatile organic substances in water. This discharge type was similar to the barrier discharge, and the surface discharge on the dielectric surface was propagated to the water surface. That caused the heterogeneous chemical reaction strongly at the interface between the working gases and the water surface. Changes of the conductivity, acidity, and the dissolved ozone with respect to the treatment time and water quantities were studied as the fundamental experiment. The concentration of hydrogen ions largely increased with increasing the treatment time and the conductivity increased with respect to the increase of water quantities under the constant other discharge parameters.

• Advances in materials Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 2013

Heterogeneous photocatalysis is a rapidly developing field in environmental engineering. It has a great potential to cope with the increasing pollution in the air. The addition of a photocatalyst to ordinary building materials such as tiles, concrete, paints, creates environmental friendly materials by which air pollution or pollution of the surface itself can be controlled and diminished. This work reports the results of the laboratory research, especially carried out towards air purifying action and self-cleaning measurements. In particular the research was focused on the study of the photocatalytic behavior of industrially prepared tiles produced starting from commercial micro-sized $TiO_2$. Air purification action has been investigated through NOx degradation tests. On the contrary, the degradation of pollution at the surface, also called as self-cleaning action, is verified by the degradation of two different organic dyes: Rhodamine B (red color) and Metanil yellow (yellow).

• Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.370-384
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• 2016

Computer-aided materials design requires new modeling approaches to characterize and represent fine-grained geometric structures and material compositions at multiple scales. Recently, a dual-Rep approach was developed to model materials microstructures based on a new basis function, called surfacelet. As a combination of implicit surface and wavelets, surfacelets can efficiently identify and represent planar, cylindrical, and ellipsoidal geometries in material microstructures and describe the distribution of compositions and properties. In this paper, these primitive surfacelets are extended and composite surfacelets are proposed to model more complex geometries. Composite surfacelets are constructed by Boolean operations on the primitives. The surfacelet transform is applied to match geometric features in three-dimensional images. The composition of the material near the identified features can then be modeled. A cubic surfacelet and a v-joint surfacelet are developed to demonstrate the reverse engineering process of retrieving material compositions from material images.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.659-662
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• 1999

Ultrasonic pulse velocity method is employed for evaluation of crack depth in concrete structures. Due to the heterogeneous nature of concrete and the indirect transmission arrangement for the transit time measurement through the surface-opening cracks in concrete structures, ultrasonic pulse velocity has so many variations as crack depths and transmission lengths vary. In this study, ultrasonic pulse velocity method is investigated to evaluate the surface-opening crack depth of concrete slabs, reinforced concrete slabs, reinforced concrete flexural members. the resent study gives a modified method for deminishing errors in transit time measurements and show limitations to the evaluation of crack depth in reinforced concrete structures.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.1286-1289
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• 2008

We report on a wide-viewing liquid crystal (LC) display with bi-level microstructures spontaneously formed by selective wetting on a chemically heterogeneous surface. The bi-level microstructures serve as spacers for maintaining uniform cell gap, as well as protrusions for wide-viewing properties. Our LC cell having the bi-level microstructures shows good electro-optic properties.