• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6039-6046
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• 2013

Cr(VI)-헤테로고리 착물[Cr(VI)-2-methylpyrazine]를 합성하여, 적외선 분광광도법(IR), 유도결합 플라즈마(ICP)등으로 구조를 확인하였고, 여러 가지 용매 하에서 Cr(VI)-2-methylpyrazine를 이용하여 벤질 알코올의 산화반응을 측정한 결과, 유전상수(${\varepsilon}$) 값이 큰 용매 순서인 시클로헥센 < 클로로포름 < 아세톤 < N,N-디메틸포름아미드 용매 하에서 높은 산화반응성을 보였다. 산 촉매(HCl)를 이용한 DMF 용매 하에서 Cr(VI)-2-methylpyrazine은 벤질 알코올(H)과 그의 유도체들(p-$CH_3$, m-Br, m-$NO_2$)을 효과적으로 산화시켰다. 전자받개 그룹들은 반응 속도가 감소한 반면에 전자주개 치환체들은 반응속도를 증가시켰고, Hammett 반응상수(${\rho}$) 값은 Cr(VI)-2-methylpyrazine= -0.65(308K) 이였다. 본 실험에서 알코올의 산화반응 과정은 먼저 크로메이트 에스테르 형성과정을 거친 후, 속도결정단계에서 수소화 전이가 일어나는 메카니즘임을 알 수 있었다.

• 분석과학
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.408-417
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• 1997

기능성 헤테로 고리 화합물의 구조 이성질체를 정상 및 역상 액체 크로마토그래피를 이용하여 분리하고, 이들 분리를 위한 최적 조건을 알코올 변형체(modifier)를 포함한 삼성분 이동상(ternary solvent system)을 이용하여 조사했다. 삼성분 이동상의 경우 알코올 변형체가 컬럼의 활성 표면에 우선적으로 상호작용하여 비활성화(deactivation)시킴으로써 용질의 머무름을 감소시키고 꼬리 끌림(tailing)을 억제하여 분리선택성이 좋아지는 것으로 보인다. 구조 이성질체 분리의 경우 정상 액체 크로마토그래피를 이용할 경우가 분리 선택성이 더 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 헤테로 고리 화합물들의 머무름 거동은 역상 액체 크로마토그래피의 경우는 시료와 정지상과의 소수성 상호작용등으로 설명할 수 있었고, 정상 액체 크로마토그래피의 경우는 시료 분자와 충진제의 흡착표면과의 흡착력으로 설명할 수 있었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.648-653
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• 2014

크롬(VI)-헤테로고리 착물(2,4'-비피리디늄 클로로크로메이트)을 합성하여, 적외선 분광광도법(IR), 유도결합 플라즈마(ICP) 등으로 구조를 확인하였고, 여러 가지 용매 하에서, 2,4'-비피리디늄 클로로크로메이트를 이용하여 벤질알코올의 산화반응을 측정한 결과, 유전상수값의 증가에 따라 반응도 증가했다는 것을 보였다. 그 순서는 : N,N-디메 틸포름아미드(DMF) > 아세톤 > 클로로포름 > 시클로헥센산 촉매(HCl)를 이용한 DMF 용매 하에서, 2,4'-비피리디늄 클로로 크로메이트은 벤질 알코올(H)과 그의 유도체들(p-$CH_3$, m-Br, m-$NO_2$)을 효과적으로 산화시켰다. 전자받개 그룹들은 반응 속도가 감소한 반면에 전자주개 치환체들은 반응속도를 증가시켰고, Hammett 반응상수(${\rho}$) 값은 -0.67 (303 K)이었다. 속도결정단계에서 크로메이트 에스테르의 형성과정을 거친 후, 양성자 전이가 일어났다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.826-833
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• 2006

Previously, we synthesized and evaluated several benzofuran derivatives containing heterocyclic ring substituents linked to the benzofuran nucleus at C-2 by a two- to four-atom spacer as potential anti-HIV-1, anticancer and antimicrobial agents. Among these derivatives, NSC 725612 and NSC 725716 exhibited interesting anti-HIV-1 activity. To further investigate the structure-activity relationship, we synthesized several new benzofuran derivatives derived from 2-acetylbenzofuran (2, 3a-c) and 2-bromoacetylbenzofuran (6; 7a,b; 8a,b). The compounds were designed to comprise the heterocyclic substituents directly linked to the benzofuran nucleus at C-2. Moreover, various related benzimidazoles derived from 2-acetylbenzimidazole and from 2-cyanomethylbenzimidazole (12a,b; 13a,b; 15; 16a,b) were also prepared as isosteres. The synthesized compounds were preliminarily evaluated for their in vitro anti-HIV-1, anticancer and antimicrobial activity. Compounds 2, 3a, 3b, and 12b showed weak anti-HIV-1 activity. Compound 6 exhibited mild activity against S. aureus, while compound 15 had mild activity towards S. aureus and C. albicans. However, no significant anticancer activity was observed with any of the tested compounds. From these results, we conclude that the presence of the spacer between the heterocyclic substituent and the benzofuran nucleus may be essential for the biological activity.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.315-323
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• 2000

Syntheses of new analogues of oxathiin carboxanilide (UC84) and their antiviral activities were described. The heterocyclic carboxylic acids including oxathiins (4), thiazines (9) and dithiins (13) in which the methyl was replaced either by lipophilic trifluoromethyl- or bulky phenylgroup were synthesized starting from $\beta$-keto esters (5). Reaction of 4, 9 and 13 with thionyl chloride followed by treatment of the substituted aniline 22 gave the corresponding carboxanilides (24a~24f). The carboxanilides were subjected to Laweson's reagent the corresponding thiocarboxanilides (24g~24k). The antiviral activities of the synthesized compounds against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), poliovirus type 1 (PV-1 ), coxsackie B virus type 3 (CoxB-3), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) were presented. The antiviral activity against HIV-1 of dithiin carboxanilide (24e) was similar with that of UC84 (24a). The corresponding thiocarboxanilides (24g~24k) showed higher inhibitory activity against HIV-1 than the carboxanilides (24a, 24b, 24d, 24e). The compounds in which ether the lipophilic trifluorormethyl substituents (24d, 24f, 24i ,24k) or bulky phenyl substituent is present in the heterocyclic compounds showed lower inhibitory activity than that of the methyl substituents is present in the compounds against the HIV-1. But the trifluoromethylated dithiin (24f) showed higher inhibitory activity against PV-1 and CoxB-3 virus than commercial antiviral agents, ribavirin (RV).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.894-898
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• 2011

The first example of lead compound from $Pb(NO_3)_2$ and $H_3L$ N-heterocyclic ligand $(H_3L\;=\;(HO_2C)_2(C_3N_2)(C_3H_7)CH_2(C_6H_4)(C_6H_3)CO_2H)$, $[Pb_4(L')_4]{\cdot}5H_2O$ 1 (L' = OOC$(C_3H_7)(C_3N_2)CH_2(C_6H_4)(C_6H_3)COO)$, has been obtained under hydrothermal condition by decarboxylation, and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TGDTA, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 possesses a rare two-dimensional upper-lower offset terrace-like layer structure. In 1, crystallographic distinct Pb(II) ion adopts five-coordination geometry, and two lattice water molecules occupy the voids between 2-D layers. Results of solid state fluorescence measurement indicate that the emission band 458 nm may be assigned to $\pi^*-n$ and $\pi^*-\pi$ electronic transitions within the aromatic systems of the ligand L', however, the emission bands centred at 555 nm, 600 nm and 719 nm may be derived from phosphorescent emission ($\lambda_{excitation}$ = 390 nm).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2011

The scope of homogeneous Lewis acid-catalyzed benzo[N,N]-heterocyclic condensation was expanded to include the use of various metal salts not reported in the literature and $SnCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O$ was finally selected. Among various solid supports activated with $SnCl_2$, heterogeneous $SnCl_2/SiO_2$ proved to be the most effective and significantly higher conversions were achieved compared to $SnCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O$ itself. The results of TG-DTA and BET indicated that dispersed $SnCl_2$ coordinates with surface hydroxyl groups of silica leading to formation of stable Lewis acid sites. Low catalyst loading, operational simplicity, practicability and applicability to various substrates render this eco-friendly approach as an interesting alternative to previously applied procedures.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.252-256
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• 1997

담자균류 백색부후균의 일종인 흰구름버섯(Coriolus hirsutus)을 실험균주로 하여 수종의 난분해성 방향족염료의 분해능을 측정하였다. 사용된 4종류의 염료 중, triphenyl methane 염료인 bromophenol blue가 탈색율 95% 이상으로 가장 잘 탈색되었으며, Congo red와 Poly R-478은 이보다는 낮은 57%, 55%가 탈색되었다. 그러나, heterocyclic 염료인 methylene blue는 본 균주에 의해 거의 탈색되지 않았으며, UV-visible spectrum상에서의 심색성 이동만 관찰되었다. 세포외 laccase와 peroxidase의 활성은 각 염료의 탈색율과 비례하여 나타났으며, 최대 활성 또한 최대 탈색시기에 관찰되었다. 효소의 활성 염색시 모든 염료의 탈색배지에서 공통적인 laccase와 peroxidase의 활성 띠가 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때, 세포외 laccase와 peroxidase가 난분해성 염료의 탈색에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권6호
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• pp.1245-1258
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• 2022

This study was conducted to determine the effect of natural ingredient seasoning on the reduction of heterocyclic amine (HCA) production that may occur when pork belly is cooked at a very high temperature for a long time. Pork belly seasoned with natural ingredients, such as natural spices, blackcurrant, and gochujang, was cooked using the most common cooking methods, such as boiling, pan fry, and barbecue. HCAs in pork belly were extracted through solid-phase extraction and analyzed via high-performance liquid chromatography. For short-term toxicity, a mouse model was used to analyze weight, feed intake, organ weight, and length; hematology and serology analysis were also performed. Results revealed that HCAs formed only when heating was performed at a very high temperature for a long time, not under general cooking conditions. Although the toxicity levels were not dangerous, the method showing the relatively highest toxicity among various cooking methods was barbecue, and the natural material with the highest toxicity reduction effect was blackcurrant. Furthermore, seasoning pork belly with natural materials containing a large amount of antioxidants, such as vitamin C, can reduce the production of toxic substances, such as HCAs, even if pork belly is heated to high temperatures.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.389-393
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• 2008

양파를 첨가하여 가열 조리한 햄버거 패티의 HCAs 형성과 돌연변이원성에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 가열조리 전 햄버거 패티에 양파(2.0, 5.0, 10.0%, w/w)를 첨가한 후 $190^{\circ}C$(프라이팬 표면온도)에서 조리한 경우 MeIQx 형성이 23.3-58.0% 억제되었고 PhIP는 38.9-63.0% 억제되었다. 반면 표면온도를 $225^{\circ}C$로 증가시켜 HCAs 형성억제효과를 측정한 결과 MeIQx는 31.8-44.6%, DiMeIQx는 24.1-39.1%, PhIP는 50.3-70.5%의 억제효과를 보였다. 또한 양파 첨가에 따른 항돌연변이 활성을 측정한 결과 $190^{\circ}C$에서는 43.8-51.2%, $225^{\circ}C$에서는 34.9-48.3%의 수준이었으며 양파 첨가량이 증가할수록 높은 항돌연변이 활성을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 양파에 함유되어 있는 당(glucose, fructose, lactose), flavonoid계 (quercetin 및 그 배당체), thiosulfinate compounds(DADS, DATS, DPDS, DPTS) 등에 의해 Maillard 반응이 억제되었기 때문이며 결과적으로 양파가 HCAs 형성을 억제하고 돌연변이원성을 감소시키는데 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.