• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.64-67
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• 2011

Shingles is a latent viral infection of the sensory ganglia. It can be accompanied by a variety of neurologic complications, including polyradiculitis and myelitis. A 66-year-old man with diabetes mellitus presented with progressive weakness, hypethesia and neuralgic pain in his right arm after herpes zoster infection in right C5 dermatome. He was diagnosed with zoster polyradiculomyelitis and treated with intravenous acyclovir and corticosteroid. It is a rare case of zoster neurologic complication in spite of oral acyclovir treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.146-149
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• 1998

Herpes zoster is a viral disease characterized by skin rash and persistent pain. Early treatment with epidural analgesia provides very effective pain relief and reduces the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia. However, epidural analgesia in elderly, deliberated or hypovolemic patients may complicate circulatory depression such as hypotension and bradycardia. Even if temporary, a major decrease in blood pressure may decrease coronary blood flow of patients with arteriosclerosis and ischemic accident may occur. We experienced a case of unstable angina pectoris after lumbar epidural blockade in a herpes zoster patient with chronic stable angina pectoris.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2015

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a common causative agent of genital ulceration and can lead to subsequent neurological disease in some cases. Here, using a genital infection model, we tested the efficacy of vinegar-processed flos of Daphne genkwa (vp-genkwa) to modulate vaginal inflammation caused by HSV-1 infection. Our data revealed that treatment with optimal doses of vp-genkwa after, but not before, HSV-1 infection provided enhanced resistance against HSV-1 infection, as corroborated by reduced mortality and clinical signs. Consistent with these results, treatment with vp-genkwa after HSV-1 infection reduced viral replication in the vaginal tract. Furthermore, somewhat intriguingly, treatment of vp-genkwa after HSV-1 infection increased the frequency and absolute number of $CD3^-NK1.1^+NKp46^+$ natural killer (NK) cells producing interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$ and granyzme B, which indicates that vp-genkwa treatment induces the activation of NK cells. Supportively, secreted IFN-${\gamma}$ was detected at an increased level in vaginal lavages of mice treated with vp-genkwa after HSV-1 infection. These results indicate that enhanced resistance to HSV-1 infection by treatment with vp-genkwa is associated with NK cell activation. Therefore, our data provide a valuable insight into the use of vp-genkwa to control clinical severity in HSV infection through NK cell activation.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.384-394
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• 2024

Background: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), known to latently infect the host's trigeminal ganglion, can lead to severe herpes encephalitis or asymptomatic infection, potentially contributing to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. The virus generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that significantly impact viral replication and induce chronic inflammation through NF-κB activation. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), an oxidative stress regulator, can prevent and treat HSV-1 infection by activating the passive defense response in the early stages of infection. Methods and results: Our study investigated the antiviral effects of ginsenoside Rg5, an Nrf2 activator, on HSV-1 replication and several host cell signaling pathways. We found that HSV-1 infection inhibited Nrf2 activity in host cells, induced ROS/NF-κB signaling, and triggered inflammatory cytokines. However, treatment with ginsenoside Rg5 inhibited ROS/NF-κB signaling and reduced inflammatory cytokines through NRF2 induction. Interestingly, the Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 suppressed the expression of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1) and enhanced the expression of KEAP1 in HSV-1 infected cells. This led to the reversal of VP16 expression inhibition, a protein factor associated with HSV-1 infection, thereby promoting HSV-1 replication. Conclusion: These findings suggest for the first time that ginsenoside Rg5 may serve as an antiviral against HSV-1 infection and could be a novel therapeutic agent for HSV-1-induced neuroinflammation.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.196-206
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• 2012

Besides their role as building blocks of protein, there are growing evidences that some amino acids have roles in regulating key metabolic pathways that are necessary for maintenance, growth, reproduction, and immunity. Here, we evaluated the modulatory functions of several amino acids in protective immunity against mucosal infection of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). We found that glutamine (Gln) and leucine (Leu) showed enhanced protective immunity to HSV-1 mucosal infection when two administration of Gln and single administration of Leu per day, but not when administered in combinations. Ameliorated clinical signs of HSV-1 challenged mice by the intraperitoneal administration of Gln and Leu were closely associated with viral burden and IFN-${\gamma}$ production in the vaginal tract at 2 and 4 days post-infection. In addition, the enhanced production of vaginal IFN-${\gamma}$ appeared to be caused by NK and HSV-1 antigen-specific Th1-type CD4+ T cells recruited into vaginal tract of mice treated with Gln and Leu, which indicates that IFN-${\gamma}$, produced by NK and Th1-type CD4+ T cells, may be critical to control the outcome of diseases caused by HSV-1 mucosal infection. Collectively, our results indicate that intraperitoneal administration of Gln and Leu following HSV-1 mucosal infection could provide beneficial effects for the modulation of protective immunity, but dosage and frequency of administration should be carefully considered, because higher frequency and overdose of Gln and Leu, or their combined treatment, showed detrimental effects to protective immunity.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2014

Herpes zoster (HZ) is an acute, unilateral inflammatory viral infection characterized by a rash with painful blisters in a localized area of the body. HZ is often associated with intense pain in the acute phase and presents postherpetic neuralgia in the chronic phase. During the prodromal stage of the HZ from the trigeminal nerve, however, the only presenting symptom may be odontalgia, which could be particularly difficult to diagnose. This distinctive syndrome occurs predominantly in the immunocompromised or elderly individuals. In this article, we report a case of HZ developed in the trigeminal nerve of a 60-year-old immunocompromised female patient, whose symptoms including atypical, non-odontogenic odontalgia had improved after series of antiviral treatments.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 1997

Herpes simpex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infects the genital and oral mucosae of human and other animals. HSV-2 infection is a widespread health problem causing various clinical syndromes including oral, genital, and ocular lesions, viral encephalitis, and recurrent diseases. Hybridorna cell lines secreting a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the HSV-2 were produced by fusing spleen cells of HSV-2-immunized mice with Sp2/0-AgI4 myeloma cells. One hybridoma cell line was established and its monoclonal C-2, IgM, recognized the antigens of 134, 86, and 43 kDa in western blot analysis. In SDS-P AGE analysis of HSV -2 antigens, 25 bands were separated between 3D kDa and 159 kDa. In indirect immunofluorescent assay, mAbs exhibited binding to the virus antigen expressed on Vero cell infected with HSV-2.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.452-456
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• 2008

Herpes zoster, an acute viral infection produced by the varicella zoster virus, may affect any of the trigeminal branches. This case report presents a patient with symptoms mimicking odontogenic pain. No obvious cause of the symptoms could be found based on clinical and radiographic examinations. After a dermatologist made a diagnosis of herpes zoster involving the third trigeminal branch, the patient was given antiviral therapy. Two months later the facial lesions and pain had almost disappeared, and residual pigmented scars were present. During the diagnostic process, clinicians should keep in mind the possibility that orofacial pain might be related to herpes zoster.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.242-248
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• 2013

Varicella (chickenpox) is a highly contagious airborne disease caused by primary infection with the varicella zoster virus (VZV). Following the resolution of chickenpox, the virus can remain dormant in the dorsal sensory and cranial ganglion for decades. Shingles (herpes zoster [HZ]) is a neurocutaneous disease caused by reactivation of latent VZV and may progress to postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), which is characterized by dermatomal pain persisting for more than 120 days after the onset of HZ rash, or "well-established PHN", which persist for more than 180 days. Vaccination with an attenuated form of VZV activates specific T-cell production, thereby avoiding viral reactivation and development of HZ. It has been demonstrated to reduce the occurrence by approximately 50-70%, the duration of pain of HZ, and the frequency of subsequent PHN in individuals aged ${\geq}50$ years in clinical studies. However, it has not proved efficacious in preventing repeat episodes of HZ and reducing the severity of PHN, nor has its long-term efficacy been demonstrated. The most frequent adverse reactions reported for HZ vaccination were injection site pain and/or swelling and headache. In addition, it should not be administrated to children, pregnant women, and immunocompromised persons or those allergic to neomycin or any component of the vaccine.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2004

Antigenic analysis of Herpes simplex type 2 virus was performed and its major antigen was localized using an immunoelectron microscopy. Antigens of 32, 43, 59 and 69 kDa were constantly expressed during the course of infection for 48 hr in the infected Vero cell. An antigen of 51 kDa was turned out to be the major one in inducing a immune response in Western-blot analysis. The 51 kDa antigen was localized on the surface of HSV-2 by immunoelectron microscopy using colloidal golds and anti-HSV 2 polyc1onal antibody. Immunofluorescence assay indicated that viral antigens were found throughout the infected cell and, especially, on the surface of the cell.