• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.35-36
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• 2004

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.306-309
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• 1990

The synthesis of 5-hyterocyclimethyl-2'-deoxyuridines (4a-f) has been accomplished by displacement reaction of 5-(bromomethyl)-3', 5'-di-O-acetyl-2'-deoxyuridine with heterocyclic compounds, followed by removal of acetyl protecting group with methanolic ammonia. The compoudns synthesized were evaluated the inhibitory effects on L1210 cell probiferation and antiviral activities against Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) None of the compounds exhibited sufficient biological activities.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 1993

The araC prodrugs (1~5) carrying a special acyl group at 5'-Ο-or $N^4$-position were evaluated for in vitro antiviral activity against various human viruses. When tested against HSV-1 and HSV-2 cultured in the verso cells, the prodrugs exhibited slightly higher $ED_{50}$ values compared with one of the parent araC but showed more increased $CC_{50}$ values in all cases. Consequently the overall selectivity indexes of prodrugs were higher than that of arab. The prodrugs, except compound 5, exhibited very potent activity similar to that of araC ($ED_{50}$ about $0.12{\mu}g/mι$) when evaluated against another human DNA virus, cytomegarovirus. However, theses araC prodrugs were completely inactive against RNA viruses i.e. poliovirus and coxackie B3 virus at the concentration of 4250{\mu}g/mι.$

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.177-184
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• 2006

This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of high risk Human papilloma virus (HPV), Herpes simplex virus type 1, 2 (HSV-1,2), Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Human Immuno deficiency virus (HIV) infection with sexual transmitted viral diseases in Busan during 2004 to 2005. six hundred seventy four samples of cervical swabs were tested for sexually transmitted viral diseases. Among the isolated viruses, 23 (3.4%) samples were HPV and 3 (0.4%) and 9 (1.3%) samples were HSV 1 and 2, respectively. Among the 586 serum samples tested for viruses, HSV IgM 121 (3.6%), HSV-1 IgG 487 (83.1%), HSV-2 IgG 135 (23.0%), HBsAg 26 (4.4%), HBeAg 7 (1.2%), and HIV (0%) types were found. HPV genotypes were detected in 16 patients, of which 13 cases were high risk type HPV, 3 cases were low risk type HPV, and multi infection were detected in 7 cases. In the age distribution of the patients, 7.2% of infection tested from cervical swabs occurred in under the age of 20, while 100% of infection was found to occur in those who were 40 years old or older in the serum samples. The outbreak pattern in their occupations was found to be the highest at the health organization (amusement quarter) for the cervical swabs, and at infirmary (commercial sex worker) for the serum samples, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.299-304
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• 2004

To investigate the presence of infectious agents in human atherosclerotic arterial tissues. Atherosclerotic plaques were removed from 128 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy or other bypass proce­dures for occlusive disease, and from twenty normal arterial wall samples, obtained from transplant donors with no history of diabetes, hypertension, smoking, or hyperlipidemia. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or reverse transcription-PCR, these samples were analyzed for the presence of Chlamydia pneumoniae, cytomegalovirus, enterovirus, adenovirus, herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2, and Epstein-Barr virus. The amplicons were then sequenced, and phylogenetic analyses were per­formed. Enteroviral RNA was found in 22 of 128 atherosclerotic vascular lesions $(17.2\%),$ and C. pneu­moniae and cytomegalovirus were each found in 2 samples $(1.6\%).$ In contrast, adenovirus, herpes simplex viruses, and Epstein-Barr virus were not identified in any of the atherosclerotic samples. Enterovirus was detected in 6/24 $(25.0\%)$ aortas, 7/33 $(21.2\%)$ carotid arteries, 6/40 $(15.0\%)$ femoral arteries, and 3/31 $(9.7\%)$ radial arteries of patients with chronic renal failure. There were no infectious agents detected in any of the control specimens. Using phylogenetic analysis, the enterovirus isolates were clustered into 3 groups, arranged as echovirus 9 and coxsackieviruses Bl and B3. Enteroviral RNA was detected in $17.2\%$ of atherosclerotic plaques, but was not observed in any of the control spec­imens. This suggests a connection between enteroviral infection and atherosclerosis. These findings dif­fer from those of other studies, which found more frequent incidence of C. pneumoniae and cytomegalovirus infection in atherosclerotic plaques.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1982

A model of induction of neoplasia by viruses has develpoed from experimental studies in animals and in cultured cells and oncogenic transformation of cells is the result of integration of viral genetic information into the cellular DNA. The evidence for these associations was derived primarily from seroepidemiologic investigation. However, data indicating that the relation between HSV-2 and cervical cancer fits the model derived from experimental animal studies are not yet sufficient to draw conclusion with regard to the etiologic role the virus in the development of the neoplasms. In other hand, the K562 tumor cell is highly susceptible target for natural killer cell lysis by the lymphocytes of human and murine periperal blood. The characteristics of this effector cell type has been investigated. A study on natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity(NKMC) against $^{51}Cr$-K562 as target cell was studed in HSV-2 infected ICR mouse. We have studied for susceptibility of HSV-2 against mouse embryo fibroblast(MEF) cells and NKMC from HSV-2 infected mouse. The results obtained that the mouse embryo fibroblast cells culture, the number and size of the cells were markedly increased and formed a monolayers relatively rapid, and become complete monolayer sheet around 72 hrs. Duration of cytopathic effect on MEF cells was rapid by serial passing of HSV-2. The morphology of the HSV-2 infected cells appear to be mainly round, ovium, spindle form and some of them was forming large giant cells. The NKMC was decrease in mouse with HSV-2 and comparison between effector/target cells ratio as 25:1 and 50:1 respectively, the NKMC was found to be more significantly decreased than normal control we have concluded that the natural killer cell activity of the viral infected mouse was shown as a suppressed during the HSV-2 infection, day 7th and 14th.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.114-120
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• 2018

Purpose: Routine screening for toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus (TORCH) in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and small for gestational age (SGA) neonates has become a common practice. However, the incidence of TORCH varies across countries, and the cost of TORCH testing may be disadvantageous compared to disease-specific screening. To evaluate the efficacy of TORCH screening, the medical charts of IUGR or SGA neonates born in a single institution in Bucheon, Korea from 2011 to 2015 were reviewed. Methods: The clinical data of the 126 IUGR or SGA neonates were gathered, including gestational age, Apgar scores, neonatal sonographic findings, chromosome study, morbidities, developmental follow-up, and growth catch-up. Maternal factors including underlying maternal disease and fetal sonography were collected, and placental findings were recorded when available. TORCH screening was done using serum IgM, CMV urine culture, quantification of CMV DNA with real-time polymerase chain reaction, and rapid plasma reagin qualitative test for syphilis. Tests were repeated only for those with positive results. Results: Of the 119 TORCH screenings, only one was positive for toxoplasmosis IgM. This result was deemed false positive due to negative IgM on repeated testing and the absence of clinical symptoms. Conclusion: Considering the incidence and risk of TORCH in Korea, the financial burden of TORCH screening, and the single positive TORCH finding in our study, we suggest disease-specific screening based on maternal history and the clinical symptoms of the neonate. Regarding CMV, which may present asymptomatically, universal screening may be appropriate upon cost-benefit analysis.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 1999

To search for less toxic antiherpetic agents, the inhibitory effects of natural hesperetin on the plaque formation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) in Vero cells were examined by the plaque reduction assay in vitro. Hesperetin inhibited plaque formations of HSV-1 and HSV-2 in a dose dependent manner. It also exhibited more potent antiherpetic activity on HSV-2 with selectivity index (SI) of 9.8 than on HSV-1 with SI of 8.4. The combined antiherpetic effects of hesperetin with nucleoside antiherpetic agents, acyclovir and vidarabine, were examined on the multiplication of these two strains of herpesviruses in Vero cells by the combination assay. The results of combination assay were evaluated by the combination index (CI) that was calculated by the multiple drug effect analysis. The combinations of hesperetin with acyclovir on HSV-1 and HSV-2 showed synergistic effects with CI values of $0.29{\sim}0.73$ for 50%, 70%, 90% effective levels and those with vidarabine showed partially synergistic or additive effects with CI values of $0.83{\sim}1.33$.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.495-508
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• 1995

In order to search for anti-HSV agents from natural complex products, we extended the number of specimens. Both methanol extract and boiling water extract of the natural complex products were screened to detect anti-HSV activity by MTT assay. Anti-HSV activities of thirteen natural complex products extracted by methanol and boiling water were screened. Three of 13 natural complex products extracted by methanol showed efficacy against HSV. Natural complex products showing anti-HSV activities as methanol extracts were No.3, 6, 11 and their Sl were 323.809, 2811.041 and 708.20. As water boiling extracts, No.8 and No.11 have displayed Sl of 16.45 and 60.39 respectively. Especially anti-HSV activities of natural complex products extracted by methanol No.6 was stronger than other ones.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2001

Background: Many types of cancer become resistant to current chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic intervention. To overcome this situation application of gene therapy by the introduction of suicide genes followed by their prodrugs may be promising. A viral enzyme, Herpes simplex thymidine kinase (HSV-tk), which converts ganciclovir from an inactive prodrug to a cytotoxic agent by phosphorylation, are being actively investigated for use in gene therapy for cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine whether combining prodrug-activating gene therapy and irradiation might result in enhanced antitumor effects. Methods: The HSV-tk gene was cloned into the retroviral vector, pLXSN and established the clones producing retroviruses carrying the HSV-tk gene. The carcinoma cell line, HCT116 and Huh-7 were transduced with high-titer recombinant retroviruses. These cell lines were treated with ganciclovir before or after irradiation for the defining combinational effect of suicide gene therapy and radiotherapy. Results: The titers of cloned PA3 17 amphotropic retroviruses ranged from 4 to 6 X $10^6CFU/ml4$. After selectional periods, the expression of HSV-tk was confirmed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The growth of cells expressing HSV-tk was inhibited as increase of GCV dose after 48 hr and the growth inhibitory effect of GCV was much higher after 72 hr. When the cells transduced with HSV-tk gene were exposed to radiation, the growth inhibitory effect of GCV was significantly increased, as compared with non-transduced parental cells. Conclusions: The results suggest that the addition of HSV-tk gene therapy to standard radiation therapy may improve the effectiveness of treatment for solid tumors.