• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.671-674
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• 2023

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of using Hermetia illucens larvae as environmental purification insects on ammonia and Hanwoo manure for 15 days in the Hanwoo farms. H.illucens larvae were allocated into four treatment groups and three replicates using a randomized block design. The treatments were as follows: control, normal 1000 g of Hanwoo manure, T1, 1000 g of Hanwoo manure + 100 g of 2nd instar H.illucens L. larvae, T2, 1000 g of Hanwoo manure + 100 g of 3rd instar H.illucens L. larvae, and T3, 1000 g of Hanwoo manure + 100 g of 4th instar H.illucens L. larvae. After 0 days, ammonia fluxes did not occur in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instar H.illucens larvae treatments (p<0.05). Among the characteristics of Hanwoo manure, the pH and nitrogen content increased for each larvae instar of H.illucens, whereas ADF and NDF content decreased (p<0.05). In particular, nitrogen contents were found to be highest in the 3rd instar larvae of H.illucens owing to their greater ability to decompose Hanwoo manure than larvae at other growth stages.

• 환경생물
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.584-590
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• 2018

이 연구에서 채집된 아메리카동애등에의 성충은 원산지의 성충과 그 크기가 비슷했다. 체형에서 가장 큰 차이점을 보이는 부분은 더듬이 바깥쪽(antenna 2) 길이이며, 그 다음으로는 머리넓이(head width), 복부넓이(abdomen width) 등의 순으로 나타났다. 이 연구결과는 유기물 분해와 분변토 생산의 우수개체를 선발하는데 기초자료가 될 것이다. 국내 51개 조사지역 중, 22개 지역에서 아메리카동애등에가 출현했으며 위경도 및 고도 등 지리적 특성보다는 유기물의 존재에 더 영향을 받는 것으로 생각된다. 이 곤충의 발생현황은 유기성 폐자원의 선순환 구조를 파악할 수 있는 지표로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2018

The larvae of Hermetia. illucens have a high probability of coming into contact with microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. Therefore, the survival of H. illucens is primarily the protection of their own against microbial infection. This effect depends on the development of the innate immune system. Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) exhibit antimicrobial activity against other bacterial strains and can provide important data to understand the basis of the innate immunity of H. illucens. In this study, we injected larvae with Enterococcus. faecalis (gram-positive bacteria) and Serratia. marcescens as (gram-negative bacteria) to test the hypothesis that H. illucens is protected from infection by its immune-related gene expression repertoire. To identify the inducible immune-related genes, we performed and cataloged the transcriptomes by RNA-Seq analysis. We compared the transcriptomes of whole larvae and obtained a DNA fragment of 465 bp including the poly (A) tail by RACE as a novel H. illucens immune-related gene against bacteria. A novel target mRNA expression was higher in immunized larvae with E. faecalis and S. marcescens groups than non-immunized group. We expect our study to provide evidence that the global RNA-Seq approach allowed for the identification of a gene of interest which was further analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR, together with genes chosen from the available literature.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.54-58
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• 2016

In natural conditions, the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), colonizes in warm temperate regions, and is active in Korea from May through October. Information on black soldier fly rearing, which is affected by seasonal factors in Korea, is limited. This species colonizes and oviposits in a wide variety of decomposing vegetable and animal matter. For mass rearing of black soldier flies, the egg deposition methods are dependent on sunlight and oviposition sites. In this study, we investigated the substrates and oviposition sites preferred by black soldier fly in artificial rearing system. Our results showed that as black soldier flies prefer mating under sunlight, they prefer ovipositing at sites where adequate sunlight and food substrate are available. Further detailed research is required to develop methods for artificially rearing black soldier fly throughout the year in Korea.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.883-890
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• 2022

The present study investigated the feasibility of using the ethanolic extract of Hermetia illucens larvae (HIE) as a whitening improvement material. In cell viability assays using B16F1 melanoma cells, no cytotoxicity was recorded up to 200 ㎍·mL^-1 of HIE. Moreover, while tyrosinase inhibitory activity increased, melanin content decreased in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that HIE likely inhibited tyrosine-induced intracellular melanin biosynthesis in B16F1 melanoma cells. Therefore, HIE is expected to serve as a potent whitening improvement material.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2013

아메리카동애등에의 분변토는 비료품질검사법에 의거하여 환경부 고시 기준으로 비료 또는 퇴비로서 적합하였다. 강낭콩을 아메리카동애등에의 분변토가 섞인 배양토에 식재한 결과, 강낭콩의 엽면적의 성장은 분변토 처리구에서 6일째부터, 총건중량과 엽건중량은 분변토 처리구 9일째부터 대조구와 고도로 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 일반적으로 아메리카동애등에 분변토를 25% 혼합했을 때보다는 50%로 혼합 했을 때 성장 촉진 효과는 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 아메리카동애등에 분변토 처리는 생육 초기부터 후기까지 강낭콩 상대성장률(RGR)을 높이는 요인으로 작용하였다. 또한 순동화율(NAR)의 변화는 상대성장률(RGR)의 변화와 정상관관계(r = 0.89)를 보였으며, 상대성장률(RGR)과 엽면적비(LAR) 사이에는 약한 정상관관계(r = 0.09)가 나타났다. 통계적으로는 순동화율(NAR)과 상대성장률(RGR)의 관계는 고도로 유의하며, 상대성장률(RGR)과 엽면적비(LAR)과의 관계에서는 통계적으로 유의하지 않다. 아메리카동애등에 분변토를 처리시 강낭콩 엽건중량에 대한 엽면적비(SLA)의 변화에서 아메리카동애등에의 분변토 처리는 일반적으로 성장 초기부터 후기까지 잎의 두께가 두꺼워지는 경향을 나타냈다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.227-237
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• 2013

잡식성인 아메리카동애등에(Hermetia illucens)는 최근 음식물 쓰레기를 처리하는 환경 정화용 곤충으로 알려져 있을 뿐만 아니라 항생물질을 분비하여 여러 방면에 산업적으로 이용될 가능성이 보이고 있다. 또한 대량적으로 사육이 가능하여 전 사육과정을 자동화하는 기반에서 생산화가 진행되고 있는데 이때 가동되는 기계에서 소음이 발생하게 된다. 곤충에게 소리는 주로 짝짓기나 보호를 위해 사용되기 때문에 이러한 소음은 곤충에게 스트레스로 작용될 수 있다. 본 실험은 동애등에 발육에 미치는 음파의 영향 평가는 최적의 발육 조건인 $25^{\circ}C$와 광조건 8:16 h(L:D)에 실시되었다. 분석된 음파는 95 dB 조건에서 상이한 주파수(0-5,000 Hz)를 유충에 처리하였다. 주파수가 증가함에 따라 용화율과 우화율이 현격하게 낮아졌다. 다음으로 동일한 주파수(5,000 Hz)에서 소리세기(0-105 dB)를 다양하게 처리한 경우 85 dB 이상의 음파가 동애등에의 발육을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 또한 동애등에 발육에 영향을 주는 음파 조건(5,000 Hz, 95 dB)이 일부 면역 및 소화 유전자들의 발현을 교란시켰다. 이상의 결과는 85 dB 이상 고주파 음파 처리가 동애등에의 발육에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.100-105
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• 2017

Under natural conditions, black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), colonizes in warm temperate regions, and is active in Korea from May through October. Information on black soldier fly rearing, which is affected by seasonal factors in Korea, is limited. Oviposition by black soldier flies is dependent on light intensity and wavelength. Therefore, continuous mass rearing of this fly requires determination of optimal artificial conditions of illumination. In this study, we compared the number of eggs laid under an artificial light source (750 watt HPL lamp) versus nature sunlight. Our results showed that compared to oviposition under natural sunlight, the use of one or two lamps for 7 hours, resulted in only 43 and 76%, of the total number of eggs laid under natural sunlight, respectively. We also investigated the hatchability of oviposited eggs under artificial illumination and under natural sunlight. The hatching rate under the former was much significantly lower than under the latter. Further detailed research is required to develop methods for successful mass rearing of black soldier fly throughout the year by means of an indoor system.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.300-308
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• 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the utilization of low fish meal (LFM) diet and black soldier fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens meal supplementation in LFM diet as a fish meal (FM) replacer or functional additive for juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Three LFM diets were prepared to contain 30, 25, and 20% FM, respectively (designated as F30, F25, and F20). Three BSF diets were prepared by adding 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0% BSF in the LFM diets, respectively (designated as F30B2.0, F25B2.5, and F20B3.0). A total of 540 fish (initial mean body weight: 22.3±0.01g) were randomly distributed into 18 tanks (240 L) in triplicate groups and fed the experimental diets twice daily for 12 weeks. Results showed that there were no significant differences in the growth performance, feed utilization and survival among all the groups. Lysozyme activity significantly increased in F30B2.0 and F25B2.5 groups compared to their respective LFM groups. Total immunoglobulin was significantly higher in F30 group than in F20 group. Anti-protease and myeloperoxidase activities were significantly higher in F30B2.0 group than in F20 group. Innate immunity gradually decreased with decreasing FM level in all the groups. BSF supplementation significantly improved immunity compared to their respective LFM diets. Therefore, BSF could be used as an immuno-stimulant supplement in LFM diets for P. olivaceus.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.861-869
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• 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the effectivity of full-fat black soldier fly Hermetia illucens (BSF) and defatted mealworm Tenebrio molitor (MW) larvae meal as a fish meal (FM) substitute in a low-fish meal (LFM) diet for juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. The LFM diet comprising 45% FM with tankage meal, poultry byproduct meal, soy protein concentrate and wheat gluten was the control diet. Three experimental diets were 10% FM in Con with BSF, MW and a mixture of both at the same ratio (designated as B10, M10 and B5M5, respectively). Four hundred and forty-fourth juvenile P. olivaceus (34.3±0.1 g) were randomly distributed into 12 tanks (425 L) in three replicate groups per treatment and fed the experimental diets for 15 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, growth performance, survival, biological indices (condition factor, viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index), non-specific immune responses (lysozyme, myeloperoxidase) and intestinal histology (villi length and goblet cells) were not significantly affected by treatments. Feed utilization was significantly decreased in M10 compared to the control group. Alanine aminotransferase level was significantly higher in M10 than in the control group. Glucose level was significantly lower in B10 than in the control group. These results suggest that BSF and MW can be used as FM substitutes. However, considering feed conversion ratio and AST level, MW availability is thought to be lower than that of BSF, and feeding fish with a diet containing MW for an extended period is thought to adversely affect fish growth.