• 농업과학연구
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of herbicide mixtures of benzobicyclon and carfentrazone-ethyl in direct-seeding flooded rice. The efficacy of benzobicyclon mixtures and carfentrazone-ethyl mixtures was greater than that of pyrazosolfuron-ethyl + pyriminobac-methyl GR. Herbicide mixtures with benzobicyclon controlled average 97% and herbicide mixtures with carfentrazone-ethyl controlled average 95% 60 days after application. When compared with untreated control, no visual injuries were detected at single and double dosage of herbicide mixtures. The yield of rice increased in both benzobicyclon and carfentrazone-ethyl treatments when compared with pyrazosolfuron-ethyl + pyriminobac-methyl GR. Based on these data, combinations of these herbicides can be applied to provide effective weed management in rice field.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.328-334
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• 2002

A Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. dubia accession from Jeonnam province, Korea was tested for resistance to sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides, imazosulfuron and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl in whole-plant response bioassay. The accession was confirmed resistant to both herbicides. The $GR_{50}$ (herbicide concentration that reduced shoot dry weight by 50%) values of resistant accession were 264 and 19 times higher to imazosulfuron and pyrazosulfuronethyl, respectively, than that of the standard susceptible accession. The surviving resistant L. dubia after pyrazosulfuron-ethyl + molinate application can be controlled by sequential applications of soil-applied herbicides, butachlor, dithiopyr, pyrazolate, and thiobencarb and foliar herbicides, bentazon. Sulfonylurea-based mixtures such as mixtures of azimsulfuron + anilofos, bensulfuron-methyl + oxadiazon, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl + fentrazamide, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl + anilofos + carfentrazon can also be used to control the surviving resistant L. dubia. However, use of these mixtures should be restricted to a special need basis. Thus, we suggest that sequential applications of non-SU-based mixtures such as butachlor + pyrazolate and MCPB + molinate + simetryne be used to control the surviving resistant L. dubia after SU herbicide applications. Rice yield was reduced 24 % by resistant L. dubia that survived after the pyrazosulfuron-ethyl + molinate application compared with pyrazolate + butachlor in transplanted rice culture. In vitro ALS activity of the resistant biotype was 40 and 30 times more resistant to imazosulfuron and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, respectively, than the susceptible biotype. Result of in vitro ALS assay that the resistance mechanism of L. dubia to SU herbicides may be due, in part, to an alteration in the target enzyme, ALS.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.286-291
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• 2003

Monochoria vaginalis is one of the most troublesome resistant weeds in Korean rice culture. Thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the response of M. vaginalis resistant to sulfonylurea(SU) herbicides and to determine alternative herbicides for the control of resistant M. vaginalis in direct seeded and transplanted rice culture in Korea. In greenhouse studies, the resistant biotype was 31-, 38-, 3172-, and 7-fold more resistant to ben-sulfuron-methyl, cyclosulfamuron, imazosulfuron, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, respectively, than the susceptible biotype, indicating cross-resistance to the SU herbicides used in this study. Non-SU herbicides, butachlor, carfentrazone-ethyl, mefenacet, pretilachlor, pyrazolate, and thiobencarb, several SU herbicide-based mixtures, ethoxysulfuron plus fentrazamide, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl plus pyrazolate plus simetryn, and non-SU herbicide-based mixtures, pyrazolate plus butachlor, pyrazolate plus pretilachlor, simetryn plus molinate, carfentrazone-ethyl plus butachlor, and carfentrazone-ethyl plus thiobencarb can be used to control both the resistant and susceptible biotypes of M. vaginalis when applied before the second leaf stage. In the field experiment, the resistant biotype of M. vaginalis that survived from the paddy fields treated with a SU herbicide-based mixture could effectively be controlled by using mixtures of bentazone plus MCPA, bentazone plus mecoprop-P, and bentazone plus 2,4-D when applied at 2 or 4 main leaves. Our results suggest that the SU-resistant M. vaginalis had not developed multiple resistances to herbicides with different modes of action. In particular, bentazone plus MCPA and bentazone plus mecoprop-P were effective control measures after failure to control resistant M. vaginalis in Korean rice culture.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2014

국내에 등록된 제초제의 효율적 사용을 위해서 제초제저항성관리위원회에서 제시한 제초제 작용기작별 분류를 기초로 23그룹으로 분류하였다. 세부그룹으로는 acetyl CoA carboxylase 억제제, acetolactate synthase 억제제, photosystem과 억제제, protoporphyrinogen oxidase 억제제, carotenoid biosynthesis 억제제, enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase 억제제, glutamine synthetase 억제제, dihydropteroate synthetase 억제제, 세포분열 저해제(mitosis inhibitors), cellulose 생합성억제제, oxidative phosphorylation uncouplers, 지방산 및 지질생합성 억제제, synthetic auxins, auxin transport 억제제, potential nucleic acid Inhibitors 혹은 non-descript mode of action으로 나누었다. 이와 같은 그룹화 기준을 토대로 국내 등록되어 사용중인 논 제초제 성분들을 그룹화 하였다. 따라서, 이러한 약제 작용기작 관련 정보를 농약사용자에게 제공함으로써 특정약제의 연용과 중복사용을 방지하여 국내에서 제초제 저항성잡초 발생 문제를 줄일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.113-117
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of benzobicyclon mixtures by using Remote-controlled aerial application (RCAA) to control annual and perennial weeds in rice paddy field. Eight annual weed species including Echinochloa crus-galli L. and three perennial weeds were dominated in the experimental field. Application of benzobicyclon mixtures using RCAA was highly effective to control both annual and perennial weed species. When compared with untreated control, no visual injuries were detected at single and double dosage of benzobicyclon mixtures. Finally, rice yield in the benzobicyclon mixtures was as much as that in the hand weeding. This study indicates that benzobicyclon mixtures using RCAA can be applied to control both annual and perennial weed species in rice paddy field.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.154-160
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• 1998

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 벼 건답직파재배(乾畓直播栽培) 잡초방제(雜草防除)에 우수한 경엽처리형(莖葉處理型) 혼합제초제(混合除草劑)를 선발(選拔)하기 위해 3원(元) 2차(次) UPCCD계획법(計劃法)을 이용(利用)하여 건답직파재배(乾畓直播栽培)에서 문제(問題)가 되고 있는 피, 너도방동사니 등의 잡초(雜草)를 방제대상(防除對象)으로 cyhalofop, bispyribenzoxim, pyrazosulfuron 간(間)의 상호작용(相互作用) 및 혼합효과(混合效果)를 구명(究明)함과 아울러 제초제분야(除草劑分野)에서 UPCCD계획법(計劃法)의 활용가능성(活用可能性)을 검토(檢討)하였다. (1)제초제분야(除草劑分野)에서 직선(直線) 및 2차곡선(次曲線) 관계(關係)를 나타내는 반응(反應)또는 비수식(指數式), 대수식(對數式) 관계(關係)를 나타내는 반응(反應)이라도 혼합제초제(混合除草劑)의 처리량(處理量) 범위(範圍)를 적당(適當)히 선정(選定)하면 UPCC계획법(計劃法)을 응용(應用)하여 제초제간(除草劑間)의 상호작용(相互作用) 및 혼합제(混合劑)의 혼합효과(混合效果) 분석(分析)은 가능(可能)하였다. (2) 제초제(除草劑) cyhalofop, bispyribenzoxim 및 pyrazosulfuron 혼합처리시(混合處理時) 피에 대한 억제효과(抑制效果)는 cyhalofop, bispyribenzoxim, pyrazosulfuron 순(順)이었고 제초제간(除草劑間)에 상가작용(相加作用)이 존재하는 동시(同時)에 cyhalofop와 bispyribenzoxim 간(間)에 역상호작용(逆相互作用)이 존재하여 "부분적 상가작용(相加作用)"이 검정(檢定)되었다. (3) 너도방동사니에 대한 억제효과(抑制效果)는 pyrazosulfuron, bispyribenzoxim 순(順)이었고 cyhalofop의 억제효과(抑制效果)는 인정되지 않았으며, pyrazosulfuron과 bispyribenzoxim 간(間)에는 상가작용(相加作用)이 있었다. (4) 사마귀풀에 대한 억제효과(抑制效果)는 bispyribenzoxim, pyrazosulfuron 순(順)이었고 cyhalofop의 억제효과(抑制效果)는 인정되지 않았으며 bispyribenzoxim과 pyrazosulfuron 간(間)에 상가적작용(相加的作用)이 있었다. 피, 너도방동사니 및 사마귀풀 등의 3종(種) 잡초(雜草)의 $ED_{90}$을 나타내는 cyhalofop+bispyribenzoxim+pyrazosulfuron 적정혼합(適正混合) 처리량(處理量)은 100+12+10g ai/ha 이었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the herbicidal efficacy of carfentrazone-ethyl mixtures in direct-seeding flooded rice. The efficacy of three different carfentrazone-ethly mixtures was greater than pyrazosulfuron-ethyl pyriminobac-methyl GR (PP GR). Weeding efficacy of three different carfentrazone-ethly mixtures was more than 96.9%. No phytotoxic effect was observed in the rice based on the plant height and the number of tillers. Yield of rice un three different carfentrazone-ethly mixtures application was more than both in the PP GR and in the hand weeding. Based on these data, three different carfentrazone-ethly mixtures can be applied to provide an effective weed management in direct-seeding flooded rice.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2004

Sulfonylurea(SU)계 제초제에 대한 저항성 물옥잠이 최근 한국에서 발생되고 있는데, 저항성 물옥잠 을 시기적절하게 효과적으로 방제하기 위해서는 신속 정확하고 실용적인 조기진단법 개발이 매우 중요하다. 지금까지 제초제 저항성 검증은 종자를 파종하여 어린식물에 제초제를 살포하는 방법을 사용하였으나 이러한 방법은 많은 시간이 소요될 뿐만 아니라 비실용적이다. 그러나 본 연구는 지표로부터 $1\sim2cm$에서 식물체를 절단한 다음 제초제를 처리하여 식물체의 생존율과 재생된 초장에 의하여 저항성을 검증하는 신속 정확한 새로운 방법이다. 이 새로운 조기진단법에 의하여 SU계 제초제 저항성 물옥잠은 적어도 7일 이내 저항성 검증이 가능하였다. 제초제 저항성이 진단되면 잡초를 효과적으로 방제하기 위해서는 식물 생육 단계에 맞는 제초제를 선발하는 것이 매우 중요하다. SU계 혼합 제초제 처리 후 생존한 저항성 물옥잠은 butachlor+pyrazolate 입제나 bentazone 액제와 2,4-D 액제를 혼용하여 처리하는 것이 효과적이었다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.146-151
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• 1982

호남지역(胡南地域)에서 논 다년생(多年生) 우점잡초(優占雜草)인 올미의 효과적(効果的)인 약제방제(藥鄭防除)를 위하여 혼합제(混合劑)인 Butachlor + Naproanilide, CG 113 + Naproanilide, Benthiocarb +Naproanilide를 공시(供試)하여 1982년(年)에 포장시험(圃場試驗)을 실시(實施)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 올미의 괴경(塊莖)은 토양중(土壤中)에서 10cm 이내(以內)에 92%가 분포(分布)되어 있었으며 이앙후(移秧後) 40 일(日)까지는 계속 발생개체수(發生個體數)가 증가(增加)하나 그 이후(以後)에는 減少(減少)하였다. 2. 올미의 방제효과(防除効果)는 perfluidone에 비(比)하여 Naproanilide 혼합제(混合劑) 처리(處理)에 의하여 발생개체수(發生個體數) 및 건물중(乾物中)이 적었으며 무처리(無處理)에 비(比)하여 95% 이상(以上)의 높은 방제율(防除率)을 나타냈고 일년생(一年生) 방제율(防除率)도 높았다. 3. 올미의 괴경형성수(塊莖形成數)는 각(各) 약제처리(藥劑處理) 모두 무처리(無處理)에 비(比)하여 적었으며 초기(初期)나 중기(中期) 처리(處理) 공(共)히 Naproanilide 혼합제(混合劑)에서 Perfluidone이나 2, 4-D보다 괴경형성수(塊莖形成數)가 적어 괴경형성억제(塊莖形成抑制) 효과(効果)가 컸다. 4. CG 113 + Naproanilide는 일(日)/인(印) 교잡계통(交雜系統)인 이리(裡里) 358 호(號)에서 최초(最初) 벽자(蘗子)의 엽선단(葉先端)이 엽초(葉効)에 붙어 만곡(彎曲)하는 약해(藥害) 징상(徵象)이 나타났으나 약(約) 10일(日) 이내(以內)에 회복(回復)되었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.262-267
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• 2006

Increased application of glyphosate (Gly) in glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean cropping systems may affect rhizospheric microorganisms including IAA-producing rhizobacteria (IPR) and their effect on the growth of soybean. This field experiment was conducted to assess IPR populations in the rhizosphere of GR soybean ('Roundup-Ready' DeKalb DKB38-52) treated with glyphosate and foliar amendment treatments such as $PT21^{(R)}$ (urea solution with N 21 %) and $Grozyme^{(R)}$ (Biostimulant: mixtures of micro nutrients and enzymes). Effects of herbicide, sampling date, and their interaction on total bacterial numbers were significant (P < 0.001, 0.001, 0.013, respectively). Total bacteria (TB) numbers were increased with glyphosate treatment at 20 d after application and highest TB populations were associated with $Grozyme^{(R)}$ application, possibly due to the additional substrate from this product. The IPR of the soybean rhizosphere was significantly affected by herbicide, sampling date, and the herbicide*foliar amendment interaction. The ratios of numbers of IPR to TB ranged from 0.79 to 0.99 across the sampling dates irrespective of treatments. IPR numbers were slightly hindered by glyphosate application regardless of foliar amendment.