• Title/Summary/Keyword: Herbal medicine prescription

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Mouse Single Oral Dose Toxicity Test of Chongmyung-tang Aqueous Extracts (총명탕(聰明湯) 열수(熱水) 추출물의 마우스 단회 경구투여 독성 실험)

  • Hwang, Ha-Yeon;Jang, Woo-Seok;Baek, Kyung-Min
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.37-49
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    • 2014
  • Objectives & Methods : The objective of this study was to evaluate the single oral dose toxicity of Chongmyung-tang (CMT) in ICR mice. Korean traditional herbal prescription CMT has traditionally been used as a neuroprotective for treatment of learning disability and memory improvement. CMT, lyophilized aqueous extracts (yield=9.7%) were administered to female and male mice with oral dose of 2,000, 1,000 and 500 mg/kg (body weight) according to the recommendation of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) Guidelines. Animals were monitored for mortality, changes in body weight, clinical signs and gross observation during 14 days after administration upon necropsy; organ weight and histopathology of 14 principle organs were examined. Results : We could not find any CMT extracts treatment related mortalities, clinical signs, changes in body and organ weight, or gross and histopathological observations against 14 principle organs up to 2,000 mg/kg in both female and male mice, except for some accidental sporadic findings which did not show any obvious dose-relations and most of which also demonstrated in both the female and male vehicle control mice in this experiments. Conclusions : Based on the results of this experiment, the 50% lethal dose ($LD_{50}$) and approximate lethal dose (ALD) of CMT extracts after single oral treatment in female and male mice can be considered to be over 2,000 mg/kg, and is likely to be safe in humans.

Studies on the Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Herbal Medicine Containing Aristolochic Acids

  • Sohn, K-H;Rhee, G-S;Kim, S-S;Kim, S-H;Kwack, S-J;Chae, S-Y;Park, C-H;Kim, B-H;Kil, K-S;Choi, K-S;Park, K-L
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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    • 2002.11a
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    • pp.110-110
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    • 2002
  • Rapidly progressive interstitial renal fibrosis has recently been reported in young women who have been on a slimming regimen including chinese herbs. Aristolochic acid, suspected as the causal factor of this renal disease, is a well known carcinogen. It has been known that Madouling (Aristolochiae fructus) contains aristolochic acid. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Madouling, Madouling-tang, which are the extract mixture from 10 different chinese herbs including Madouling, and aristolochic acid on reproductive and developmental toxicity. Female rats were administered orally with the extracts of Madouling, madouling-tang, and aristolochic acid from 14 days before mating to day 17 of gestation. Madouling (8mg/kg) decreased fertility in the 8mg/kg group, but Madouling-tang and aristolochic acids did not. Significant decrease of mean fetal body weights were observed in the 16mg/kg group of aristolochic acids. External, visceral and skeletal malformation of fetuses were not observed with treatment. Histopathological examination showed the discrete damage of kidney in the 8mg/kg group of Madouling and 16mg/kg groups of aristolochic acid. In whole embryo culture, Madouling and Madouling-tang caused the retardation of growth and development of embryo in the dose of 1 $\mu$g/ml and 0.02 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, respectively while aristolochic acids showed the similar effect in the dose of 300 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg. These results indicate that Madouling, up to 0.05mg/kg (prescription dose to human) has no adverse effects on the fertility, reproduction and development of Sprague-Dawley rats.

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The Study on Compounds of the Fermented Sipjundaebo-tang and its Neuroprotective Activity (십전대보탕 발효물의 성분 분석 및 뇌신경 세포 보호 활성)

  • Yang, Hye-Jin;Weon, Jin-Bae;Ma, Jin-Yeul;Ma, Choong-Je
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.55 no.2
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    • pp.121-126
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    • 2011
  • Sipjundaebo-tang was a well-known restorative traditional herbal prescription that used to treat anemia, anorexia, fatigue and inflammation. In this study, we examined the bioconversion of compounds in the Sipjundaebo-tang (SJ) and fermented Sipjundaebo-tang with Lactobacillus fermentum KFRI 164 (FSJ) using established HPLC-DAD method. The chromatogram of FSJ has shown that the contents of six bioactive compounds 5-HMF, paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, cinnam aldehyde, decursin, glycyrrhizin in SJ has decreased. And the contents of unknown compounds (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5) in FSJ were higher than each contents of SJ. The antioxidant activities of SJ and FSJ were conducted by DPPH free radical and Hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) scavenging assay. Electron donating activity (EDA, %) value of FSJ has shown higher than 21.9% and 14.5% at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml for DPPH radical scavenging activity and $H_2O_2$ scavenging activity, respectively. Also, the neuroprotective activities of SJ and FSJ against glutamate-induced oxidative stress in a mouse hippocampal cell line (HT22) were evaluated by MTT assay. As a result, FSJ has shown higher neuroprotective activity than 56.5% comparing with SJ. In conclusion, the fermented SJ using microorganism could convert compounds in SJ and enhance antioxidant activity and neuroprotective activity.

Analysis of Nutritional Composition and Effects of Yak-sun Tea Prescription from Oriental Medicinal Herbs for Serum Lipid Levels and Homocystein Content (한약자원을 이용한 약선차의 영양성분 분석 및 약선차의 섭취가 여대생의 혈청지질수준과 호모시스테인 농도에 미치는 효과)

  • Han, Jong-Hyun;Song, You-Jin;Park, Sung-Jin;Park, Sung-Hye
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.35 no.5
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    • pp.557-564
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    • 2006
  • This research was planned and executed to evaluate how the composition of Yak-sun (oriental diet therapy) can effect health conditions of people who are suffering from diet-related diseases like obesity and hyper lipidemia by taking Yak-sun in a form of nutritional supplement with our daily meals. We produced Yak-sun tea with $Ky\hat{a}lmy\hat{a}ngja$, Kamguk, $K\hat{u}m\hat{u}nhwa$, Ch'onkung and observed nutritional composition and evaluated how this tea effects on serum lipids and homocystein concentration by clinical practices. With this observation, we found out that this tea has significant effect on increasing of HDL-cholesterol, decreasing of LDL-cholesterol and homocysteine concentration, and we think that scientific and objective evaluation was done on the components of Yak-sun tea prescription. We concluded that we could apply the components not only in a form of tea, but also in other forms of various food. The information we received from this conclusion will be a basic information on how we can apply oriental medicinal resources into other food and will also be a stepping stone for medicinal herbs to step foot in the field of functional food research, which already draws sizable attention world-wide.

Strategic Directions for the Improvement of Journal of Korean Acupuncture and Moxibustion Society ($\ll$대한침구학회지$\gg$ 개선에 대한 전략적 방향)

  • Song, Ho-Sueb
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.147-178
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    • 2010
  • Objectives : This study was to propose the improved instruction for authors and research ethic regulations by the comparative analysis of those of the domestic journals, for the purpose of enhancing the citation rate of Journal of Korean Acupuncture and Moxibustion Society. Methods : Narrative review method was used for comparatively analyzing instruction for authors of 34 domestic journals, especially focused on how to write a reference. Thereafter, in order to elucidate the drawbacks of current instruction for authors and research ethic regulations of the acupuncture and moxibustion society, the well prepared instructions and research ethic regulations was selected from them, which were compared with the present instructions for authors and research ethic regulations of the acupuncture and moxibustion society. Results : As a result of the comparative analysis of instruction for authors in the 34 domestic journals, style for references was based largely on that of National Library of Medicine and vancouver at the same time. The number of reference was limited according to types of writings. for example, the original article and case report was frequently limited to 40 and 20 references respectively. Authors were mostly listed up to six. If there are more, the first three or six authors were listed with 'et al'. it was generally recommended that using abstracts as references should be avoided and References to papers accepted but not yet published should be designated as 'in press' or 'forthcoming', and that the names of journals should be set in italics and abbreviated according to the List of Journals Indexed for Medline (formerly Index Medicus) published by the National Library of Medicine or koreanmed or WHO-IST, etc. In addition, citation of electrical literature, English writing of reference and obligational citation of more than two articles in the journals were encouraged. In consequence of comparison between well prepared instructions and research ethic regulations of the selected journals and those of current instructions for authors and research ethic regulations of the acupuncture and moxibustion society, the followings were needed to be added or revised. 1. Requirements for case reports were not mentioned. 2. Reporting Guidelines for Specific Study Designs were not included. 3. Previous Orthography of herbal prescription should be revised. 4. Orthography of authors and guidelines for writing article constituents such as title, abstract, introduction, method, statistics, results, discussions were not presented. 5. How to write a reference was so simplified. 6. Definition of Research Ethical Misconduct was omitted and establishment, management and members of committee for research ehtics were not mentioned, 7. Information, reception and investigative procedures of Research Ethical Misconduct was not specified. Conclusions : For the development of Journal of Korean Acupuncture and Moxibustion Society, apporopriate revision of the instruction for author and research ethic regulations should be made based upon the above findings. English writing of reference were believed to be one of the alternatives enhancing citation rate.

Factors Affecting Medicines Expenditure Costs - Using Korean Medical Panel Data (의약품 지출 비용에 미치는 영향 요인 - 한국의료패널자료를 활용하여)

  • Kim, Yun-Jeong;Hwang, Byung-Deog
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.664-676
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    • 2018
  • This study used raw data from the Korea Medical Panel Survey for 2014 to analyze the factors affecting the cost of medicine expenditure. A total of 3,107 people with medical expenses were selected for the final analysis. Analysis methods were frequency analysis, crossover analysis, regression analysis and t-test. The significance level of all tests was p = .05. The prescription cost was 72.4%, the minimum cost was 84 won, the maximum cost was 270,653 won, and the highest amount was 'over 3,000 won~less than 10,000 won' (31.7%). The general pharmaceuticals cost was 81.8%, the minimum cost was 800 won, the maximum cost was 2,718,000 won, and the highest amount was 'less than 20,000 won' (31.4%). The herbal medicine cost was 9.4%, the minimum cost was 4,000 won, the maximum cost was 2,700,000 won, and the highest amount was 'over 100,000 won' (37.8%). The medicines expenditure was the maximum cost was 2,760,093 won, and the highest amount was 'over 100,000 won' (27.0%). Factors affecting medicine expenditure were gender, marital status, income quintile, easement, and subjective health status.

The Effects of Gamchomahwang-tang extract According to the ratio of 2 compounds on the Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Asthma in Mice (甘草麻黃湯 추출물의 배합 비율에 따른 투여가 Ovalbumin으로 유발된 천식 생쥐에 미치는 영향)

  • Jo, So-Hyun;Jo, Eun-Hee;Park, Min-Cheol
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.74-91
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    • 2015
  • Background and Objective : Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease at the mucosa and is associated with excess production of Th2 cytokine and eosinophil accumulation in lung.Gamchomahwang-tangextract(GME) is one of the well known prescription used in oriental medicine for treating asthma. This study was designed to compare the anti-asthmatic effect of GME according to the ratio of 2 compounds.Methods : To examine the effects of GME on asthma, mice were sensitized with 100 ㎍ of OVA and 1 ㎎ of aluminum potassium sulfate(Alum; Sigma) intraperitoneally on day 1 and 15. From day 22, mice were challenged on 3 consecutive days with 5% OVA. The anti-asthmatic effects of GME were evaluated by enhanced pause(Penh), bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF), inflammatory cytokine production and genes expression, serum IgE production. and histological change in lung tissue. GMEⅠ consists of ES and GU in the proportion 2:1(300 ㎎/㎏ group), GMEⅡ consist of ES and GU in the proprtion 4:1(300 ㎎/㎏ group).Results : GMEⅠ,Ⅱ generally inhibited lung inflammation, inflammatory cells infiltration and cytokine production and gene expression such as IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF and serum IgE level. GMEⅡ significantly reduced the cytokine production and gene expression such as IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF and GMEⅠ decreased cytokine production of IL-4, IL-13 in BALF and gene expression of IL-4, IL-5 in Lung. GMEⅡ potently inhibited the development of Penh and also reduced the number of eosinophil during OVA-induced AHR(airway hyper-reactivity). Overall the results show that GMEⅡ has more effect on inhibiting production, gene expression of cytokine, serum IgE level and development of Penh than GMEⅠ. Consequently, GMEⅡ might be more effective than GMEⅠ at inhibiting allergic asthma on the OVA-induced mice model.Conclusion : These results indicate that GME has a deep inhibitory effects on airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in mice model of asthma and that suppression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 expression and decrease of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 production in BALF might contribute this effect. Hence, the results indicate that GME might be useful herbal medicine of allergic asthma. As a result, GMEⅡ mght be superior to GMEⅠ in the aspect of anti-asthmatic effect on the OVA-induced mice model.

The antimicrobial activity of Hwangheuk-san and synergy effect with oxacillin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (황흑산(黃黑散)의 메티실린 내성 황색포도상구균에 대한 항균 활성과 옥사실린과의 시너지 효과)

  • Choi, Sung-Hoon;Kang, Ok-Hua;Zhou, Tian;Kong, Ryong;Lee, Seung-Jin;Kang, Dam-Hee;Jung, Hye-In;Lee, Young-Seob;Kwon, Dong-Yeul
    • The Korea Journal of Herbology
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    • v.31 no.5
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    • pp.93-98
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    • 2016
  • Objectives : Hwangheuk-san is a complex prescription composed of oriental traditional medicine and has been reported for antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer effects in the recent study. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of important causes of fatal infectious diseases such as septicemia, endocarditis, toxic shock syndrome, pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). S. aureus is reported as being for a variety of human diseases and its epidemiological relevance is mainly due to their ability of becoming highly resistant to common antimicrobials such as tetracycline, penicillin, cphalosporin and aminoglycoside. The objective of this study is to determine the antimicrobial effect of Hwangheuk-san ethanol extracts (HHS) and synergistic effects with antibiotics oxacillin against MRSA.Methods : The antimicrobial activity of HHS was measured by the disc diffusion method, broth microdilution method and the checkerboard dilution test, time-kill curve assay was performed to investigate synergistic effects with antibiotics oxacillin against MRSA.Results : HHS showed antimicrobial activity against MRSA with a MIC value of 125 ㎍/㎖. In the checkerboard test, the interaction of HHS with antibiotics oxacillin produced almost synergy or partial synergy against MRSA. This study showed that HHS reduced the MICs of oxacillin tested, and a remarkable antibacterial effect of HHS, with membrane permeability enhancers.Conclusions : These results suggest that HHS has the antimicrobial effect and synergistic effects with antibiotics oxacillin against MRSA. This study thus can be a valuable source for the development of a new drug with low MRSA resistance.

A Clinical Study on the Decreased Visual Acuity (視力低下에 對한 臨床的 考察)

  • Choi, Eun-Sung;Ryu, Hye-Jeong;Chae, Byung-Yoon
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.146-158
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    • 1996
  • We observed 79 patients, who visited the Department of Oph. & Otorhinolaryngology in Oriental medicine of Kyung Hee University Medical Center from July 1995 to June. 1996, with the complaint of decreased visual acuity. The results were as follows. 1. In the incidence of decreased visual acuity, men's was $46.84\%$(37 cases) and women's was $53.16\%$(42 cases), which showed that more women were suffering decreased visual acuity than men. In the incidence of myopic ametropia and astigmatic ametropia among the total patients, men's was $44.62\%$(29 cases) and $37.50\%$(9 cases) each, and women's was $55.38\%$(36 cases) and $62.50\%$( 15 cases) each, which also showed that more women were suffering myopia and astigmatism than men. 2. The average age of patients was 11.08 years at the first visit. The most were the patients from 6 to 15 years old, with 63 cases($79.74\%$). 3. The age of onset in the decreased visual acuity was mainly 6∼10 years with 45 cases($56.96\%$). In the case of myopic ametropia and astigmatic ametropia, the age of onset was also mainly 6∼10 years with 65 cases($60.00\%$), and with 12 cases($50.00\%$) each. 4. In ABO blood type, the frequency was, A type, O type, B type and AB type in order. In men, O type was the most, while in women, A type. 5. In the liking for cool or warm food or tepidity, the liking for cool food was the most in both men and women. 6. The type of decreased visual acuity was mainly myopic ametropia with 65 cases($82.28\%$). Astigmatic ametropia was $30.38\%$ with 24 cases, hyperopic ametropia $2.53\%$ with 4 cases, and the decreased visual acuity accompanied by amblyopia $7.59\%$ with 4 cases. 7. At the first visit, the average visual acuity of O.D. was 0.29 and that of O.S.. 0.24, which showed that O.S.. is worse than O.D.. The visual acuity below 0.2 was the most, $63.29\%\;in\;O.D..\;72.15\%$ in O.S.. 8. In the treatment period, 4∼7 weeks occupied $35.44\%$ with 28 cases, 8∼11 weeks $30.38\%$ with 24 cases, so the treatment period was mainly these two periods with 52 cases($65.82\%$). 9. The average frequency of acupuncture treatment per week was mainly 2.1∼3.0 times with 45 cases($56.96\%$). In this case, men was 24 cases($53.33\%$) and women 21 cases($46.67\%$), so men was more than women. 10. The frequency of herbal prescription was mainly Gamijungjitang and Gamijingjibogansan with 76 cases($85.39\%$).

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Strategic Direction and Road Map of Expanding Prevention of Winter Disease in the Summer (동병하치 확산을 위한 전략적 방향과 이행방안)

  • Song, Ho-Sueb
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.147-157
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    • 2010
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study was to propose appropriate strategic directions and road maps for successful achievement of programs preventing winter disease in the summer. Methods : Details on programs preventing winter disease in the summer such as clear concept, theoretical basis, current status, intervention or available prescriptions and indication/contraindication/caution were prepared through the related journal review, upon which an observational study was devised and done for simulation to find out even a trivial problem and to guarantee the safety beforehand. The experimental group was divided into 5 groups by the size of pill and the way ginger is treated; 1cm pill with ginger group, 3cm pill group without ginger, 3cm pill group dipped into ginger, 3cm pill group applying ginger to acupoints and 3cm pill group with ginger Results 1. program preventing winter disease in the summer was defined as representative winter diseases such as common cold, influenza, chronic asthma, chronic bronchitis, allergic rhinitis, emphysema, chronic gastritis and rheumatoid arthritis, and preventive care in the summer, reinforcing deficient yang qi of five viscera by using exuberant yang qi from summer heat. 2. It was based upon historically established theories which is 'nourishing yang qi in the spring and summer', 'long summer, namely rainy spell in the summer overwhelms the winter, because of earth winning water according to the five phases theory' and 'To replenish yang qi is major principle to treat winter diseases, which can be most appropriately and timely applied to the patient with deficient yang qi of five viscera inherently, especially in the three dog days of the summer, because of exuberant exterior yang qi and deficient interior yang qi in the five viscera'. 3. In the adjacent China and Taiwan, acupoint applying method in the three dog days named 'San Fu Tie' have been stirring a boom throughout the nation, in which Xiaochuan Gao was used as a basic prescription and it mainly was applied at bilateral $BL_{13}$, $_{15}$ and $_{17}$ for about 4 hours. As far as domestic current status, the necessity of adopting the above method prior to Herbal formula was also recognised, because not a few koreans have apprehension for the safety of it including medicinal herbs and are reluctant to take it any more due to negative advertisement of narrow minded doctors' association. 4. Indication of acupoint applying method in the three dog days included most of winter diseases such as common cold, influenza, chronic asthma, chronic bronchitis, allergic rhinitis, emphysema, chronic gastritis. contraindication was pregnant woman and the weak such as infants and the old. More attention was paid to grasp firmly the normal reaction following the treatment for preventing side effect and teasing blister. recommendation was also given to abstain from food inducing phlegm and dampness such as meat, shrimp and crab as well as cold drinks and foods 5. In the simulation observational study based upon the above findings following review the related articles, no blister was shown on the acupoints icluding bilateral $BL_{13}$, $_{15}$ and $_{17}$ in every experimental group during 24hr observation following the acupoint applying treatment with pills made by modified and devised prescription. At 4 hr, the effectiveness of it reached a peak showing redness and mild tenderness and there is little difference between groups 3cm pills groups regardless of the way ginger was treated. abdominal distention and growling was found in all the volunteers during the treatment at CV 8. Strategic directions and road maps : Through successful fulfillment of the program preventing winter disease in the summer, Korean traditional medicine should be integrated into mainstream national health care services. Cultural access was thought to be as important as Scientific EBM approach. First of all, To evoke potential cultural homogeneity from campaigns and press advertisement was needed for promoting public awareness about preventing winter disease in the summer by enhancing immunity via acupoint applying treatment in the three dog days, and then indigenous name as Sambokcheop, protocol, Clinical Research Form for data collection of it should be developed and prepared. Once the first step was taken this summer, through a thorough data collection and scrutinized scientific evaluation, drawbacks should be compensted for and the efficacy and safety should be substantiated.