• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.23-41
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• 2014

Objective : The purpose of this study was to lay the groundwork for understanding the details and scope of the legal definition of medicinal products, following the changes in the relevant laws and regulations. This will let readers properly understand the origins of the ongoing conflicts on herbal drugs and new drugs from natural products that are present in the medical field and the medical industry. Possible solutions are proposed in the end. Method : I analyzed the changes in definition of medicinal products since 1945 that have been used in relevant laws and regulations(i.e. Pharmaceutical Affairs Act) and drug approval process(i.e. New Drug Application and Investigational New Drug Application). Results : Legal definition of medicinal products has changed in accordance with the changes in the pharmaceutical industry, such as the establishment of dualistic medical and pharmaceutical System and the introduction of the substance patent. Due to those changes, boundaries of Western medicinal products and health food expanded, while those of herbal medicine products relatively downscaled. Conclusion : Legal definition of medicinal products-i.e. Herbal Drugs, Crude Drugs, and New Drugs from Natural Products-should be reestablished according to academic legitimacy and dualistic medical and pharmaceutical System.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.209-215
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• 1990

The activities of s-amylase, ${\alpha}-amylase$ and protease of three combination products containing digestive enzymes, antacids and herbal drugs on the Korean market were estimated. The effects of antacids and herbal drugs on the activities of digestive enzymes were investigated. Starch-saccarifying activity of s-amylase, starch-dextrinizing activity of ${\alpha}-amylase$ and protein-peptic activity of protease were estimated by Somogy, Mc'Credy, and Casein-Folin method, respectivley. The optimal pH of s-amylase, ${\alpha}-amylase$ and protease were pH 5.0, 4.8 and 7.0, rcspectively. The digestive activities at optimal pH continued about eight hours. The digestive activities of individual enzymes were reduced to 40-90% by antacids and were affected somewhat positively or negatively by herbal drugs. Enzyme activities of the combination products were also affected by pH and reaction time.

• 약학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.518-523
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• 1997

To isolate biologically active compounds which exhibit tyrosinase inhibition activity and ultimately express skin whitening effect, 14 oriental herbal drugs were screened in ter ms of tyrosinase inhibition. For this purpose, in vitro enzyme assay system for tyrosinase, so called Pomerantz method with some modifications has been established. Crude methanolic extracts from 14 herbal drugs were made and examined for their inhibitory activity against tyrosinase. Those extracts from Cnidii Rhizoma, Arecae Semen, Caryophylli Flos, and Ephedrae Herba showed strong inhibitory activities on mushroom tyrosinase. Therefore, crude methanolic extracts from those 4 herbal drugs were further fractionated using ether, butanol and water. respectively. The ether and n-butanol extracts from Arecae Semen and the n-butanol and water extracts from Caryophylli Flos, respectively, showed relatively strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity compared to arbutin.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.79-87
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• 1986

Water extracts of 21 traditional Korean herbal drugs were prepared, and a dose range of 100 mg/kg to 400 mg/kg was administered orally into mice once a day for five days. Changes of serum enzyme activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alkaline phosphatase, body weight changes and histo pathological examination of various organs were investigated. Water extract of Ephedra Herba caused severe body weight loss at a dose of 100 mg/kg and death from a dose level of 200 mg/kg by oral administration. Angelica koreanae Radix and Anthrisci Radix showed a slight body weight loss and damages to liver and kidney.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2016

Objectives: To demonstrate a clinical course and feature of a female patient with a severe liver injury (DILI) during antituberculosis treatment for her intestinal tuberculosis, whom traditional Korean medicine completely recovered. Methods: A female patient with diagnosed as DILI by antituberculosis drugs had been treated with herbal drugs; and then the clinical outcome and biochemical parameters had been monitored. Result: A 45-year old female had taken antituberculosis drugs for about 2 months, and complained severe abdominal discomfort and dyspepsia. The RUCAM score was 10, which met the criteria for DILI (AST 584 IU/L, ALT 1212 IU/L, ALP 100 IU/L, and GGT 161 IU/L, total bilirubin 0.9 mg/dL). She had been treated with herbal drugs and acupuncture as inpatient and outpatient, and then her symptoms had been completely recovered with normalization of hepatic enzymes. Conclusion: This report provides a clinical characteristic for a severe hepatotoxicity induced by antituberculosis drugs, and showed an example of TKM-based application.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this study was to find how Northeast Asia(Korea, China, Taiwan, Japan) supervise herbal formulas in their pharmacopoeia.Methods : We compared items, formula's effects, formulations, etc and analyzed common formulas among Northeast Asia`s herbal pharmacopoeia (Korea(2010), China(2010), Taiwan(2013), Japan(16th Edition), drugs in Japan OTC Drugs (2007-2008))Results : The Korean Pharmacopoeia, the Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia, Taiwan herbal pharmacopoeia, the japanese pharmacopoeia, drugs in Japan OTC drugs and pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China have 5, 251, 200, 20, 294, 1059 formulas, respectively. In comparison of pharmacopoeia`s test item, Korea and Japan has many similarity, for example, not refer to the effect of formulas. Korea and China have many inspection test of formulations in pharmacopoeia. Each country has differences in ratio of efficacy categories. For example, China especially has a higher ratio of formulas that regulate the blood and Korea has higher ratio of formulas that calm the spirit and open the sensory orifices than those of other 3 countries. There are 17 common formulas among the 4 countries and 43 common formulas among Korea, Taiwan and Japan. Comparing dosage forms, Korea, Japan, Drugs In Japan OTC drugs, Taiwan, China uses 4, 2, 14, 3, 21 formulations, respectively.Conclusions : China has many formulations and new formulas. Taiwan and Japan supervised formulas only selected by the authorities. However, Korean pharmacopoeia has similar form with Japan and need to add more formulas on demand and new formulations.

• 생약학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.355-359
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• 1995

To find serotonin(5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)-antagonizing activities in traditional herbal drugs, crude extracts from 66 kinds of traditional herbal drugs were randomly screened for inhibitory effects on 5-hydroxytryptophan(HTP)-induced diarrhea in mice. Intraperitoneal injection of 5-HTP(2.5 mg/kg) induced diarrhea in 92% of mice, when observed from 10 to 15 min after injection. Crude extracts(2 g/kg) from 66 kinds of traditional herbal drugs were orally pretreated for 1 h before 5-HTP injection. Of the 66 herbal drugs screened, Ephedrae Herba(麻黃), Cimicifugae Rhizoma(升麻), Anisi stellati Fructus(八角茴香), Aurantii Fructus(枳實), Polygalae Radix(遠志) showed the most potent inhibiting activities against 5-HTP(2.5 mg/kg)-induced diarrhea in mice. There are at least 3 possible mechanisms that would be responsible for the inhibitory effect of crude extracts on 5-HTP-induced diarrhea; 1) crude extract-induced inhibition of the activity of aromatic aminoacid decarboxylase catalyzing the conversion of 5-HTP to 5-HT, 2) crude extract-induced blockade of 5-HT receptor(s) in the gastrointestinal tract responsible for 5-HTP-induced diarrhea, 3) crude extract-induced inhibition of gastrointestinal activity, irrespective of 5-HT system. The exact mechanisms and molecules, responsible for the inhibitory effect of crude extracts on 5-HTP-induced diarrhea remain to be clarified.

• 동의생리학회지
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• 제14권2호통권20호
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• pp.127-137
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• 1999

The current experiment was carried out to investigate the analgesic effects of several herbal drugs in acetic acid - induced pain model. In a single drug group : after administration of herbal drugs(1g/kg or 3g/kg) orally for 30 minutes, 1% acetic acid $(250{\mu}l)$ was administered into abdominal cavity of mouse. And then the number of times of writhing response was measured for 30 minutes. In a combination drug group : after administration of herbal drugs (1g/kg and it's compound 2g/kg) orally for 30 minutes, 1% acetic acid $(250{\mu}l)$ was administered into abdominal cavity of mouse. And then the number of times of writhing response was measured for 30 minutes. The results were summarized as follows; 1. Water extracts of Akebiae caulis(木通) and Stephaniae tetrandrae radix(防己) decreased significantly the number of writhing response. 2. Methanol extracts of Achyranthis bidentatae radix(牛膝), Carthami flos(紅花), Akebiae caaulis(木通), Stephaniae tetrandrae radix(防己), Myrrha(沒藥), Corydalidis tuber(玄胡索) and Persicae semen(桃仁) decreased significantly the number of writhing response. 3. Water extracts of Achyranthis bidentatae radix(牛膝) plus Akebiae caulis(木通), Achyranthis bidentatae radix(牛膝) plus Stephaniae tetrandrae radix(防己) and Achyranthis bidentatae radix(牛膝) plus Ledebouriellae radix(防風) decreased the number of writhing response significantly. 4. Methanol extracts of Achyranthis bidentatae radix(牛膝) plus Myrrha(沒藥), Achyranthis bidentatae radix(牛膝) plus Stephaniae tetrandrae radlx(防己) and Achyranthis bidentatae radix(牛膝) plus Ledebouriellae radix(防風) decreased the number of writhing response significantly.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2004

Recently, more and more natural herbal products are investigated and used popularly. Pharmaceutical companies of Korea are very interested in developing herbal new drugs. And oriental doctors also need popular, modernized form of oriental drugs. The objective of this article is, first, to examine current situations of drug development in Korea, second, to know general concepts of patent and third, to think about new drug development and patent in oriental medicine's point of view. With consideration of oriental medicine's characteristics, concepts of new drug and patent should be improved. Therefore, the oriental pharmaceutical industry and developments of oriental new drugs could be inspired to further efforts.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.137-151
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• 2012

Objectives : provides the basis on steaming processing method (SPM) which was stated in 'Dongeuibogam' and 'Euihakipmun'. Methods : Drugs and prescriptions listed in 'Dongeuibogam' and 'Euihakipmun' were investigated by following criteria; (i) name and prescription of SPM-applied drugs, (ii) protocols on the use of the supporting materials, (iii) kind of supporting materials, (iv) processing period, (v) part of the herb plants, (vi) efficacy of herbal drugs, (vii) tastes of herbal drugs, (viii) meridian tropism of the herbal drugs. Results : 1. The number of herbs was 92 species of from 'Dongeuibogam', 87 from 'Euihakipmun', and the number of prescriptions was 197 from 'Dongeuibogam' and 119 from 'Euihakipmun'. 2. Infiltrating steaming and mixing and steaming procedures were used to process supporting materials. 3. The abundance of supporting materials was in the order of alcohol and ginger juice. 4. A twelve hour-period was most frequently used. 5. The herbal parts used most were in the order of fruit, seed, roots, and stem. 6. According to an efficacy category, a drug supplementing invigoration was used most frequently and a drug eliminating heat followed next. 7. Based on four spirit features, herbs showing warm, cold, and mild features were used most. 8. In considering five tastes, herbs showing sweet and bitter tastes were used most. 9. The herbs supporting the function of liver, kidneys, spleen, stomach, and lung were used in SPM. The herbs converging to the kidneys and the liver were conducted most in 'Dongeuibogam' and 'Euihakipmun' respectively. No case for herbal drug converging to 'Samcho' was reported. Conclusions : Our investigation on the use of SPM from 'Dongeuibogam' and 'Euihakipmun' revealed that there are special principles underlying the use of supporting materials, SPM period, parts and efficacy.