• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.103-103
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• 2019

Glycyrrhizae radix, commonly known as licorice, is a perennial herb belonging to Leguminosae and also includes various components such as, glycyrrhizin, liquiritin, liquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin etc. Licorice has been widely used in East Asia as a medicine having pharmacological effects like antioxidants, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and immune modulatory activities. Among various licorice, Glycyrrhiza (G.) uralensis G. glabra and G. inflata are used for pharmaceutical purposes in Korea. However, cultivation of licorice has some problems such as low quality, low productivity, and early leaf drop. Korea Rural Development Administration developed new cultivars Wongam and Sinwongam, which are improved in cultivation and quality. To register the newly developed cultivar (s) on Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in Korea as a medicine, it is necessary to prove the similarity and difference through the comparative studies between already-registered species and new cultivars. Some fungi and bacteria usually in the human oral cavity and intestines exist as harmless state in human body. Also, the skin and genital infections by fungi can lead to toxic systemic infections and are accompanied by flushing, rashes, burning or painful sensation. The influences of licorice varieties on fungi and bacteria might be an evidence to prove the outstanding effect of newly developed licorice variety. In this study, the antifungal and antibacterial activity was investigated using newly developed licorice varieties Wongam, and Sinwongam against various fungi and bacteria. These results means newly developed licorice could be used as a replacement of already-registered species in terms of antifungal and antibacterial application.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.489-499
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• 2015

Background : Plants belonging to 5 species of the genus Eleutherococcus are currently distributed in the Korean peninsula. The traditional medicine 'Ogapi', derived from Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus and other related species, and 'Gasiogapi', derived from Eleutherococcus senticosus, are frequently mixed up and marketed. Therefore, accurated identification of their origins in urgently required. Methods and Results : Candidate genes from nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) of Eleutherococcus plants were analyzed. Whereas the nrDNA-internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were useful in elucidating the phylogenetic relationships among the plants, the cpDNA regions were not as effective. Therefore, a combined analysis with nrDNA-ITS was performed. Various combinations of nrDNA and matK were effective for discriminating among the plants. However, the matK and rpoC1 combination was ineffective for discriminating among some species. Based on these results, it was found that OG1, OG4, OG5, OG7, GS1, GS2, and GS3 were derived from E. sessiliflorus. In particular, it was confirmed that GS1, GS2, and GS3 were not derived from E. senticosus. However, more samples need to be analyzed because identification of the origins of OG2, OG3, OG6 and GS4 was not possible. Conclusion : The ITS2, ITS5a, and matK combination was the most effective in identifying the phylogenetic relationship among Eleutherococcus plants and traditional medicines based on Eleutherococcus.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.86-94
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• 2002

This study was carried out to identify the relationship between naturally introduced vegetation on the abandoned coal mine lands and the surrounding forest, and to select the indigenous tree species for the revegetation of the real mine lands in Taeback, Kangwon Province, Korea. The apparent species in the surrounding forest of Sododong were 9 species of tree layer, 13 species of subtree layer, 23 species of shrub layer and 23 species of herb layer, respectively. The dominant species in Sarijae were 6 species of tree layer, 15 species of subtree layer, 31 species of shrub layer and 25 species of herb layer, respectively. The plant species in the abandoned real mine land were 31 species in Sododong and 30 species in Sarijae, respectively. The number of plant species in the abandoned coal mine land was smaller than the surrounding forest. The common species of the coal mine lands and the surrounding forest were 6 species(Betula schimidtii etc.) in Sododong and 4 species(B. costata etc.) in Sarijae. It was considered that the species in the coal mine lands introduced from the species of top layer in the surrounding forest. Especially, B. costata in Sarijae showed the edge effect which regenerates the vegetative community from the boundary area of coal mine land and surrounding forest. Natural revegetation in Sododong was also progressing by the invasion of tree species in surrounding forest, such as B. schmidtii. Consequently, natural revegetation in the disturbed coal mine lands may be related to the species composition of the surrounding forest.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.334-351
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to investigate the improvement effect of white ginseng extract (GS-KG9) on D-galactosamine (Ga1N)-induced oxidative stress and liver injury. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups. Rats were orally administrated with GS-KG9 (300, 500, or 700 mg/kg) or silymarin (25 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. The rats of the GS-KG9- and silymarin-treated groups and a control group were then intraperitoneally injected Ga1N at a concentration of 650 mg/kg for 4 days. To investigate the protective effect of GS-KG9 against GalN-induced liver injury, blood liver function indicators, anti-oxidative stress indicators, and histopathological features were analyzed. RESULTS: Serum biochemical analysis indicated that GS-KG9 ameliorated the elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in GalN-treated rats. The hepatoprotective effects of GS-KG9 involved enhancing components of the hepatic antioxidant defense system, including glutathione, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). In addition, GS-KG9 treatment inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by GalN treatment in hepatocytes and significantly increased the expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) proteins, which are antioxidant proteins. In particular, by histological analyses bases on hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, α-smooth muscle actin, and transforming growth factor-β1 staining, we determined that the administration of 500 mg/kg GS-KG9 inhibited hepatic inflammation and fibrosis due to the excessive accumulation of collagen. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that GS-KG9 improves GalN-induced liver inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis by attenuating oxidative stress. Therefore, GS-KG9 may be considered a useful candidate in the development of a natural preventive agent against liver injury.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

This study was conducted to analyze community structure and species composition of Pinus densiflora for. erecta Stand in Mt. Cheonchuk (653 m). Field survey was carried out from June to September in 2013. 74 plots (20×20 m) were set up, 5 herb layer plots (3×3 m) were constructed for each plot, and there, Diameter at Breast Heigh t(DBH), height, environmental factor, annual growth were measured. Vascular plants were surveyed as following; 66 family, 165 genus, 211 species, 2 sub species, 29 variety, 6 form 248 taxa. Results of cluster analysis for P. densiflora for. erecta forest, 3 communities were divided into; Quercus mongolica (P-1), Quercus variabilis (P-2) and Quercus aliena-Stephanandra incisa (P-3). There were significant environmental factors that organic layer, annual growth, CEC, total total nitrogen, organic matter and pH for each community. As a result of DCA, P-1 and P-2 were distributed large range of environmental factors but relatively limited in P-3. Distributions of herb layer were affected by sand, cation exchange capacity, silt and total nitrogen. Results of MRPP test for herb layer communities, it was significantly analyzed (A=0.003, P<0.008). Species diversity index was highly recorded in P-3 and influenced by cation exchange capacity, total nitrogen, annual growth in consequence of NMS analysis.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.155-163
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• 1999

Heavy metal accumulation in living organisms through food-wed can give serious damage on physiological responses for vital activities. The initiation of heavy metal supposed to begin from the bio-accumulation of plants. To establish basic data fur heavy metal contents in plants at the area without artificial contamination, both woody and herb plants at Mt. Kwang-Duk were studied. The content of heavy metals in various organs of plants were analyzed by ICP. The range of heavy metals in plants for Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe. Mn, Pb, Se and Zn were 1.019∼257.200ppm, O∼2.929ppm, 0∼0.079ppm, 0∼0.054ppm, 0.023∼3.007ppm, 0∼1.997ppm, 2.031∼148.500ppm, 1.069∼51.320ppm, O∼126.900ppm, 0.708∼4.927ppm and 0.846∼4.949ppm, respectively. The amount of heavy metals in plants are much less than that of soil except some species. In woody plants, it was detected that the metal contents of leaves were higher than that of stems especially in case of Al and Fe with statistical significance. There were significant differences between shoots and roots of herb plants in metal content of Al, Co and Fe. Those metals have more accumulated in roots comparing with shoots. Some species of plants had shown the difference tendency of heavy metal accumulation. Generally, most species had not exceeded over twice of mean value each other, and had various difference according to the kinds of heavy metals.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.103.1-103.1
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate sulfur dioxide in herb drugs.(Puerariae Radix, Lycii Fructus, Platycodi Radix, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Mori Radicis Cortex, Nelumbo Seed, Paeoniae Radix, Remotiflori Radix, Astragali Radix, Polygonatum Rhizome) Experimental subjects included 105 cases of 10 species of herb drugs collected in Kyung-dong market from December in 2001 to February in 2002. Sulfur dioxide was determined by Optimized Monier-Wiliams method. In 65 cases(61.9%) of the 105 cases, we detected $SO_2$ over 10mg/kg. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.90-90
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• 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the vegetation and vegetation structure of Mt. Man in Hwacheon Gun from April to October 2018. The survey site is located in the northern part of South Korea where the climate is similar to that of North Korea. The purpose of this study is to provide basic information for efficient ecological forest management after unification. A total of 341 vascular plant taxa are recorded, representing 221 genera, 4 subspecies, 42 varieties and 6 forms in 84 families. Rare species, including Crataegus komarovii and Amitostigma gracile are found across 10 taxa; 8 families, 10 genera, 9 species, 1 variety. Naturalized Plants, including Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Erigeron annuus found across 11 taxa; 6 families, 10 genera, 11 species. Dominant tree species of the tree layer based on the highest importance values were: Quercus mongolica (23.47%), Larix kaempferi (11.43%), Fraxinus rhynchophylla (8.30%), in the subtree layer were: Lindera obtusiloba (11.38%), Acer pictum subsp. mono (11.33%), Fraxinus rhynchophylla (9.80%) and in the shrub layer were: Lindera obtusiloba (10.22%), Fraxinus rhynchophylla (8.43%), Rubus crataegifolius (8.00%), in the herb layer Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum (5.67%), Oplismenus undulatifolius (5.00%), Lysimachia clethroides (3.49%) respectively. The species diversity of Mt. Man was 1.1764 in the tree layer, 1.2403 in the subtree layer, 1.4135 in the shrub layer, and 1.7416 in the herb layer. In conclusion, if we utilize the flora and vegetation structure surveyed in Mt. Man, we can effectively manage the degraded forests with similar altitudes and climate zones in North Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.12-20
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• 1998

This study was carried out from June 1996 to November 1997 to analyze the growth characteristics of the introduced species revegetated on highway cut-slopes. The number of revegetation measures type surveyed were fourteen such as seed-spraying measures, block-sod pitching measures, and hydro-seeding measures with seed-fertilizer-soil materials. The introduced species for revegetation measures were mostly Festuca arundinancea(cool season grass), Eragrostic curvula(warm season grass), Lolium perenne(cool season grass), Dactylis glomerata(cool season grass), Poa pratensia(cool season grass). The species diversity index of the upper part on highway cut-slopes were greater than that of the middle part and lower part. The growth of introduced species was good on north-facing cut-slope than the others and that was flourish in temperate north forest zone. Also, the introduced species seemed to decrease or disappear, while the ratio of native woody and herb species which were in mature stage seemed to increase.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.196-198
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• 2017

Sciaphila secundiflora occurs on Jeju Island as a second species of the genus Sciaphila in Korea. This is an important finding in relation to the flora of Korea, as species of the genus Sciaphila are concentrated mainly in Indonesia and Malaysia. Few species are found on the mainland of Asia, in Japan, Taiwan, China (Hainan), tropical Africa, Australia, and on the Pacific islands. In this paper, the species S. secundiflora is described and illustrated as a new record from Korea. In addition, we suggest that the species of the genus Sciaphila should be protected with regard to its habitat characteristics and for its phytogeographic and climatic significance.