• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.33-34
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• 2004

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.202.2-202.2
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• 2000

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.189.1-189.1
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• 2000

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.181.1-181.1
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• 2001

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of natural Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. vinegar on the liver protective effect of animals exposed to carbon tetrachloride. Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. vinegar (200 mg/kg) was administered at the same time for 28 days, and hepatotoxicity was induced by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride on the $29^{th}$ day. The aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were significantly decreased (p < 0.001) and the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were significantly increased (p < 0.001) in the Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. vinegar group compared to the control group. Histopathological observations showed that the Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. vinegar showed hepatic cell structure similar to normal group, and these results showed that it had an effect of suppressing and protecting the damage of liver cell. Therefore, Eriobotrya japonical Lindl. vinegar is considered to be a healthy functional food of the liver.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.217-221
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• 2007

In order to determine the effects of ginseng powder on the antioxidant enzyme activities of hepatotoxicity in $benzo({\alpha})pyrene[B({\alpha})P]-treated$ mice, the mice were divided into 5 groups. Ginseng powder was injected intraperitoneally once a day for 5 successive days, followed by the administration of $B({\alpha})P$ treatment on the fifth day. We also evaluated the relationship existing between lipid peroxidation and ginseng powder on oxidative stress. The increased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase observed following $B({\alpha})P-treatment$ were reduced as the result of ginseng powder treatment. Whereas, the glutathione content and glutathione S-transferase activity depleted by $B({\alpha})P$ were increased significantly, but the $B({\alpha})P-associated$ elevation of cytochrome P-450 activities and lipid peroxide content were reduced as the result of ginseng powder treatment. These results indicate that ginseng powder may exert a protective effect against $B({\alpha})P-induced$ hepatotoxicity in mice.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.275-280
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• 2012

The kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa) is well known to contain anti-oxidants. In this study, we investigated the anti-oxidant effects of kiwi extract on carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) induced liver injury in BALB/c mice. The radical scavenging effect of 80% methanol extract of Halla-Gold kiwi was observed. For the animal study, mice were randomly divided into four groups: normal group, $CCl_4$-induced model group, kiwi extract administered group, and silymarin treated group. The kiwi extract was provided daily for 10 days. At the 24 h after last administration, $CCl_4$ was injected. The kiwi extract showed strong inhibitory effect of DPPH radicals and superoxide scavenging. In animal study, administration of $CCl_4$ resulted in significantly elevated plasma levels of ALT and AST but they decreased in kiwi-extract pretreated group. Anti-oxidant enzymes such as GSH-px and GSH-rd were restored in the kiwi extract treatment group. Histopathological degeneration was also prevented in the kiwi extract treated group compared with of the control group, which exhibited $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that kiwi extract showed protective effects, not only as anti-oxidant effects, but also in the protection of hepatotoxicity in $CCl_4$-intoxicated mice.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.87-93
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• 1999

Antioxidative and scavenging effects were investigated by using two hyaroxycinnamic acids (caffeetannins). such as caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid, on oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity that induced by paraquat. The results are summerized as follows: 1. To assess radical scavenging ability, reduction concentration (IC$\sub$50/) of 1.1 diphenyl-2-dipicrylhydrazine (DPPH) were measured. IC$\sub$50/ values of caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid were 29.7 ${\pm}$0.6 ${\mu}$M and 26.0${\pm}$0.5 ${\mu}$M respectively. Their radical scavenging activities showed concentration-dependent manner. 2. In H$_2$O$_2$-induced hemolysis assay to rat blood, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid led to different effects, whose hemolysis inhibition ratios at 100 ${\mu}$M were 45.2${\pm}$7.1% and 11.6${\pm}$3.1% respectively 3. In hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system producing superoxide anion, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid showed different inhibitory activities of xanthine oxidase showing 36.8${\pm}$4.3% and 5.4${\pm}$2.3% respectively. 4. To microsomal NADPH dependent cytochrome p-450 reductase in rat liver, paraquat consumed NADPH at a dose-dependent manner from 0 to 1 ${\mu}$M paraquat concentration. Caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid blocked NADPH consumption rates at concentration-dependent manner and inhibition ratios at 100 ${\mu}$M were 67.6% and 59.2% respectively. 5. Administration (30mg/kg, iv) of paraquat to rats caused the marked elevation of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lipid peroxides (LPO) in the serum and lipid peroxides in the microsome as compared to the control group. Serum GOT, GPT, LDH, ALP and LPO and liver microsomal LPO were reduced significantly by caffeic acid (50mg/kg), chlorogenic acid (25mg/kg) and silymarin (150 mg/kg) as compared to the paraquat group. From these results, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid exerted their antioxidative agents by removing reactive oxygen substance (ROS) and scavenging effects by inhibiting ROS generating enzyme. As a general, two hydroxyeinnamic acids showed the useful compounds for scavenger and reducer on the paraquat induced hepatotoxicity.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.204-210
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• 2014

The brown alga Saccharina japonica is consumed as a foodstuff in many countries. Carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) is a potent hepatotoxin that is used to assess hepatotoxicity in animal models. This study assessed the protective effect of S. japonica extract (SJE) on $CCl_4$-induced acute liver injury in rats. Experimental rats were divided into the following three groups: control, $CCl_4$, and $CCl_4$+SJE; the latter two groups were given 150 or 300 mg SJE/kg orally for 10 days. Three hours after the final treatment, all rats-except for those in the control group-were administered intraperitoneal injections of $CCl_4$. One day later, blood and liver samples were collected for evaluation biomarker of levels. Aspartate transaminase (APT; GPT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT; GOT) levels were markedly lower in the $CCl_4$+SJE group than the $CCl_4$ group. The hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of the $CCl_4$+SJE group was significantly lower than that of the $CCl_4$ group. In comparison, glutathione S-transferase (GSH) and catalase (CAT) levels were significantly higher in the $CCl_4$+SJE group. Western blotting revealed that SJE attenuated the $CCl_4$-induced EGFR and MAPK activity in the liver. Thus, we conclude that SJE protects against $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.449-455
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• 1996

Betaine is one of the major water-soluble components in Lycii Fructus. In the present study the effect of repeated betaine treatment on the hepatotoxicity and the cytochrome P-4 50-dependent enzyme system was examined in adult female rats. Administrations of betaine (100 or 1,000mg/kg/day, ip) to rats repeatedly for 4 or 9 days did not evoke hepatotoxic response as determined by increases in glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) activities measured 24 hours following the final dose of betaine. The activities of aminopyrine N-demethylase, p-nitroanisole O-demethylase and p-nitrophenol hydroxylase as well as the contents of cytochrome P-450 were determined in hepatic microsomes of rats treated with betaine(1,000mg/kg/day, ip) for 4 or 9 days. Repeated treatment of rats with betaine for a period of 4 days induced a marginal decrease in the contents of cytochrome P-450, but did not influence the activities of p-nitrophenol hydroxylase, p-nitroanisole O-demethylase, or aminopyrine N-demethylase. Extension of the betaine treatment to 9 consecutive days failed to alter the parameters for hepatic drug metabolizing activity determined in the present study. Since repeated large doses of betaine were demonstrated to be tolerated by rats without showing any toxicity or changes in drug metabolizing enzyme activities in the liver, this compound appears to be relatively safe to animals upon long-term ingestion.