• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 2009

Nelumbo nucifera (lotus) is known to be a useful medicinal plant and leaf extract contains several flavonoids and alkaloids. To analyze the effect of Nelumbo nucifera leaves extract (NNL) on the HBsAg production, we treated NNL on HepG2.2.15 cells which contain the hepatitis B viral genome and secrete surface antigen into media. NNL suppressed the production of hepatitis B surface antigen as a dose-dependent manner. To analyze the effect of NNL on HBV DNA replication, PCR analysis was performed. NNL was not affected the HBV DNA replication and HBsAg mRNA expression. To understand the effect of NNL on the production of HBsAg, we carried out the analysis of lipid-metabolizing gene expression using one-step RT-PCR. NNL reduced the gene expression of FASN and SREBP2 and increased the expression of LDLR. Triglyceride content of HepG2.2.15 cells was not decreased by treatment of NNL. This result suggests a possibility that NNL may have an effect for the inhibition of hepatitis B surface antigen by modulation of lipid and cholesterol metabolism.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.521-526
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• 1998

The physicochmical properties of recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (r-HBsAg), which was expressed in C127 mammalian cell were studied. Using roller bottle culture in DMEM supplemented with fetal bovine serum, 10-15 mg/L of r-HBsAg was produced with about 31% of purification yield. The purity of r-HBsAg by HPLC was 99.8% and electron microscopic examination showed homogeneous spherical particle with 22 nm in diameter, a morphological characteristic of HBsAg. The density of r-HBsAg by CsCI density gradient method was 1.19g/ml and the isoelectric point by Mono $P^{TM}$ HR 5/20 column was 4.6. The analysis of subunit protein pattern using SDS-PAGE followed by scanning densitometry gave 81.3% of S protein and 18.7% of pre-S protein. fluorophore-assisted-carbohydrate-electrophoresis analysis showed the relative amount of carbohydrate to protein was 1.7% and it smajr component was N-acetyl glucosamine, which was about 39% of total carbohydrate. The relative amount of lipid to protein determined by vanillin phosphoric acid method was 32.5% and its major component was phospholipid, which was about 70% of total lipid. The physicochemical properties of C127 mammalian cell-derved r-HBsAg are similar to those of p-HBsAg, suggesting that the r-HBsAg can be used in developing a new preventive vaccine against hepatitis B.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.74-83
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• 2015

Objectives: To examine the sex-specific factors associated with being unaware of one's hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) seropositivity status in a large, HBsAg-positive population of Koreans. Methods: In total, 1197 subjects aged 19 years or older who were HBsAg-positive according to data from the 2007-2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included. Subjects were considered unaware of their HBsAg seropositivity status if they answered that they had no knowledge of being previously infected by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) or diagnosed with HBV hepatitis. Multivariate Poisson regression models with robust variance estimate were used to assess the significance of the variables using weighted frequencies. Results: The majority (77.8%) of HbsAg-positive Korean adults (females, 81.9%; males, 74.6%) were unaware of their HBsAg seropositivity status. We found that sex (female: prevalence ratio [PR] 1.19), household income (low: PR, 1.15), marital status (never married: PR, 1.18), self-rated health (moderate: PR, 1.14; good: PR, 1.12), and alcohol use (at least 2-3 times/wk: PR, 1.21) were associated with being unaware. In females, age (50 to 59 years: PR, 1.29; ${\geq}70$ years: PR, 1.30), household income (low: PR, 1.37; middle-low: PR, 1.24), and marital status (never married: PR, 1.33) were associated with being unaware. In males, self-rated health (moderate: PR, 1.14; good: PR, 1.21) and alcohol use (at least 2-3 times/wk: PR, 1.21) were associated with being unaware. Conclusions: Factors related to the socioeconomic status of females and the health-related behaviors of males were found to be associated with being unaware of one's HBsAg seropositivity status.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5463-5467
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• 2012

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is contagious with transmissiobn vertically or horizontally by blood products and body secretions. Over 50% of Iranian carriers contracted the infection prenatally, making this the most likely route of transmission of HBV in Iran. To evaluate the resistance to adefovir (ADV) therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection, a study was conducted on 70 patients (63 males and 7 females), who had received in first line lamivudine and second line adefovir. All were tested for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg), serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) level and HBV DNA load before and after treatment with ADV. In all samples, resistance to lamivudine and ADV was tested with real time PCR. Among seventy patients with chronic hepatitis B infection, 18 (25.7%) were resistant to LAM and 8 (11.4%) were resistant to ADV. Only one patient was negative for the presence of HBS-Ag (5.6%) and two were negative for HBe-Ag (11.1%). In this study we used a new method (ALLGIO probe assay) that has high sensitivity in detection of adefovir resistance mutants, which we recommend to other researchers. Mutant strains of the YMDD motif of HBV polymerase can be found in some patients under treatment with lamivudine and ADV. ADV has been demonstrated to be efficient in patients with lamivudine resistant HBV.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.309-314
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• 2005

We performed a basic experiment for the rapid, on-line, real-time measurement of hepatitis B surface antigen using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor. We immobilized anti­HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen) polyclonal antibody, as a ligand, to the dextran layer on a CM5 chip surface that had previously been activated by N-hydroxysuccinimide. A sample solution containing HBsAg was fed through a microfluidic channel, and the reflecting angle change due to the mass increase from the binding was detected. The binding characteristics between HBsAg and its polyclonal antibody followed the typical monolayer adsorption isotherm. When the entire immobilized antibody had interacted, no additional, non-specific binding occurred, suggesting the immunoreaction was very specific. The bound antigen per unit mass of the antibody was independent of the immobilized ligand density. No significant steric hindrance was observed at an immobilization density of approximately $17.6 ng/mm^2$. The relationship between the HBsAg concentration in the sample solution and the antigen bound to the ligand was linear up to ca. $40{\mu}g$/mL. This linearity was much higher than that of the ELISA method. It appeared the anti­gen-antibody binding increased as the immobilized ligand density increased. In summary, this study showed the potential of this SPR biosensor-based method as a rapid, simple and multi­sample on-line assay. Once properly validated, it may serve as a more efficient method for HBsAg quantification for replacing the ELISA.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.139-142
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• 2015

Background: Healthcare workers' practices regarding hepatitis B have an important effect on the control of this problem in workplaces. Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was used to investigate the role of knowledge, cues to action, and risk perceptions as predictors of preventive behavioral intentions for hepatitis B among healthcare works in Broujen, Iran (n = 150). History of hepatitis B vaccination, hepatitis B surface antigen test, and demographic characteristics were investigated. The psychometric properties of the questionnaire were established. Results: Those who had a history of hepatitis B surface antigen test had a statistically significant higher level of risk perceptions ($30.89{\pm}4.08$ vs. $28.41{\pm}3.93$, p < 0.01) and preventive behavioral intentions ($5.05{\pm}1.43$ vs. $4.45{\pm}1.29$, p < 0.01). The mean score of cues to action was significantly correlated with age and work history (r = 0.20, p = 0.02 and r = 0.19, p = 0.02). Preventive behavioral intentions were significantly correlated with cues to action and risk perceptions but not with knowledge level. Cognitional factors were responsible for a 17% change in observed variance of preventive behavioral intentions, which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Risk perceptions were the most important determinant of preventive behavioral intentions for hepatitis B among health personnel; thus, emphasizing risk perceptions is recommended in educational programs aimed at increasing health personnel's practices regarding hepatitis B.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.347-355
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• 1992

To elucidate structure of group "a" epitope, mouse antibodies that express idiotype monoclonal antibody and anti-idiotype monoclonal antibody against the group specific "a" determinant were purified by hydroxyapatite column. To obtain hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg). HBsAg positive blood was sequencially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydroxyapatite, sepharose 4B column chromatography and ultracentrifugation. The major protein (p25) and glycoprotein (gp30) of HBsAg were isolated by concanavalin-A-sepharose 4B. The ability of p25-gp30 among the HBsAg to inhibit the idiotype-anti-idiotype reaction was dependent on conformation, since reduced and alkylated p25-gp30 virtualy lost their inhibitory capacity when compared to native HBsAg. The data suggest that hepatitis B antigen is a conformational antigen critically dependent upon the disulfide bonds of p25-gp30.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 1992

To evaluate the possible route of intrafamilial transmission among carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen ($HB_sAg$), epidemiologic and serologic data were obtained on 107 household contacts of 35 carriers of HBsAg and on 71 household contacts of 25 controls who were negative for serologic markers of hepatitis B virus. The HBsAg prevalence was 26.5% among the contacts of carriers compared to 0.0% among the contacts of controls. And the combined prevalence for all hepatitis markers was 48.5% among the contacts of carriers compared to 26.0% among the contacts of controls(p<0.05). Especially the offspring of carriers showed significantly higher risk in the combined prevalence for all hepatitis markers (p<0.05). There were no significant relationship between HBV infection and past history like acupuncture, transfusion, operation and tattooed. Factors associated with the risk of intrafamilial transmission of HBV were not found in the sharing of household articles such as razor, towel, drinking glass, nail clippers, toothbrush and tableware.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1993.11a
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• pp.39-40
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• 1993

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)is a member of the Hepadna virus family whose members share a characteristic virion structure and genome size, around 3.2kb in a paritially double-stranded form. The genome of HBV contains four overlapping open reading frames designated as P(polymerase). C(core), S(surface antigen)and X. The X gene has potential to encode 154 amino acids protein.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.30 no.1 s.56
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• pp.1-15
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• 1997

To investigate the association between hepatocellular carcinema(HCC) and infection of hepatitis B virus(HBV) and hepatitis C virus(HCV) in an HBV endemic area, a case-control study of 254 patients with HCC and of 1,270 age and sex matched health control subjects was done. Among the 254 HCC patients 166(65.4%) were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg), 49(19.3%) were positive for HCV antibody (anti-HCV Ab). The crude odd ratio of patients with HBsAg was 36.1(95% CI :22.4-58.2) and with anti-HCV Ab was 9.0(95% CI :5.5-14.6). In an analysis, which HBsAg(-), HBcAb(-), anti-HCV Ab(-) group was chosen as referent group, odd ratio of HBsAg(+) group was 14.4(95% CI: 7.2-28.9) and of anti- HCV Ab(+) was 10.7(95% CI: 2.9-40.0). odd ratio of anti-HCV Ab(+), HBsAg(+) group and anti-HCV Ab(+), HBsAg(-), HbcAb(+) group for HCC were elevated to 27.3(95% CI : 9.0-82.9), 15.9(95% CI:7.1-35.8) respectly, The odd ratio of anti-HCV Ab(-), HBsAg(-), HBcAb(+) group was 2.4(95% CI : 1.1-5.0). These result suggested that HBV and HCV were associated with HCC. In HBV endemic area patients with HBcAb alone should be considered risk group for HCC.