• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 1987

The distribution of hepatic veins within the liver in 28 Korean native cattles were observed. Vinylite solution was injected into hepatic veins of seventeen specimens for cast preparation. The angiography was prepared in eleven specimens by injecting 30% barium sulfate solution into hepatic veins, and then radiographed on a X-ray apparatus (Shimadzu 800 MA 120 Kvp). 1. About two thirds or three quarters of the circumference of the Vena cava caudalis was embedded in the liver. The embedded portion was about 14~19cm in length. 2. The principal branches of the hepatic veins were Vena hepatica sinistra, Vena hepatica media, Vena hepatica dextra and Vena hepatica dorsolateralis; the three main hepatic veins were Vena hepatica sinistra, Vena hepatica media and Vena hepatica dextra. 3. The Vena hepatica sinistra joins the Vena cava caudal is near the esophageal impression of the liver. It gave off three or five branches to the left lobe. 4. The Vena hepatica media joined at the Vena cava caudalis close to the Vena hepatica sinistra. In all cases, Vena hepatica media opened near the diaphragmatic part of the liver than the Vena hepatica sinistra. It ran obliquely through the medial part of right lobe and quadrate lobe, giving off branches on each side. 5. The Vena hepatica dextra consisted of one(25 cases, 89.29%) or two separate veins(3 cases, 10.71%), joining to the Vena cava caudalis between the right and caudate lobes. 6. The flap of membranous tissue covered the dorsal half of the entrance of the Vena hepatica sinistra, media et dextra into the Vena cava caudalis. 7. The vestige of the ductus venosus persisted in the 12~18 months old cattles. 8. The anastomosis was observed in the intralobar and interlobar areas.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.493-500
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• 1997

We performed this study to evaluate hepatic venous drainage in atrial isomerism by MR and the clinical significance of anomalous hepatic venous return in total cavopulmonary shunt operation. Numbers and locations of hepatic veins in twenty-two patients with isomerism(thirteen with right isomerism and nine with left isom rism) were evaluated by MR. Operative procedure of hepatic veins and postoperative arterial oxygen saturation were compared with hepatic vein connection in six patients after total cavopulmonary shunt operation. Among nine patients with left isomerism, hepatic venous return was totally anomalous via a single opening in eight, and via two separate openings in one. Among thirteen patients with right isomerism, partial anomalous hepatic venous connection directly to the atrium was seen in four. One showed total anomalous hepatic venous connection to atrium through one opening. Total cavopulmonary shunt operation was performed in 6 patients. Hepatic veins were connected to pulmonary arteries in four patients who had one atrial opening of hepatic vein andlor IVC, or two ipsilateral atrial opening of hepatic veins and IVC. In conclusion, hepatic vein drainage to atrium is variable in atrial isomerism. MR is useful for evaluation of hepatic vein drainage in atrial isomerism and surgical pla ning.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.235-239
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• 2009

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease are known to have hypercoagulability and an increased risk for venous thromboembolism. The deep veins of the lower extremities and the pulmonary veins are the most common sites of thrombosis in ulcerative colitis. However, hepatic vein thrombosis (Budd-Chiari syndrome) is a very rare extra-intestinal complication of ulcerative colitis in children. We describe a case of hepatic vein thrombosis in a 15-year-old girl with ulcerative colitis who presented with abdominal pain and hematochezia. Doppler ultrasonography and an abdominal CT scan revealed the characteristic filling defects caused by large thrombi in both hepatic veins. These lesions were successfully treated with conventional management for ulcerative colitis and anticoagulation therapy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.127-143
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• 2004

Computed tomography (CT) plays an important supplementary role in the evaluation of patients with heart disease. CT can be used to evaluate the aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, cardiac chambers, coronary artery, valves and systemic veins (superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and hepatic veins). The "Learning Objectives" describe the normal anatomy and typical pathological conditions seen on axial scans and reformatted images from CT in patients with heart disease, focusing focus on frequent, fatal, and rare but characteristic diseases encountered in routine practice.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2002

To investigate the postmortem changes in hepatic cell membrane, the rats were sacrificed with cervical dislocation and kept in an incubator at $25^{\circ}C$, 70% of humidity for 12 hours. The biochemical experiments in postmortem were done at 2, 4, 8 and 12 hours. The degree of rigor mortis and algor mortis were increased with the time during 12 hours. The contents of hepatic malondialdehyde were rapidly increased ai 2 hours, and gradually decreased afterward. In histological findings, after 8 hours, the clotted blood was seen in central vein and sinusoids, and especially portal veins were dilated a1though the structure of hepatic lobules was preserved well. Furthermore, both in the histochemical and enzymatic examinations, membrane bounding alkaline phosphatase activities were gradually decreased with the time. In conclusion, the activity of membrane bounding alkaline phosphatase was linearly decreased with time in the early postmortem period and so it might be referred to the possibility fur the estimation of death time in the early postmortem period.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.98-103
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• 2000

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the CT findings of hepatic hypereosinophilic syndrome in which hepatic lobes or segments were involved. Materials and Methods: Seven patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome with hepatic lobar or segmental involvement were included in our study. In all seven, diagnosis was based on liver biopsy and the results of corticosteroid treatment. CT findings were retrospectively reviewed by three radiologists, who reached a consensus. Biopsy specimens were examined, with special reference to portal and periportal inflammation. Results: CT demonstrated well-defined, homogeneous or heterogeneous low attenuation with a straight margin limited to a hepatic lobe (n = 2), segments (n = 3), or subsegments (n = 2), particularly during the portal phase. Where there was subsegmental involvement, lesions were multiple, ovoid or wedge-shaped, and showed low attenuation. In two patients with lobar or segmental involvement, segmental portal vein narrowing was observed. Histopathologic examination disclosed eosinophilic infiltration in the periportal area, sinusoids and central veins, as well as portal phlebitis. Conclusion: Hypereosinophilic syndrome may involve the presence of hepatic lobar, segmental, or subsegmental low-attenuated lesions, as seen on CT images. Their presence may be related to damage of the liver parenchyma and to portal phlebitis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.437-442
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• 2002

The observations of the anatomical closure of the ductus venosus (DV) and vestige of DV were studied in 22 cattle, ranging from 210-day-old fetus to 3-years old Korean native cattle. Vinylite solution was injected into the hepatic, portal, umbilical veins and caudal vena cavae of 22 specimens for vinylite corrosion casts. The DV originated at the confluence of the umbilical and portal veins and emptied into the left hepatic vein or posterior vena cava. The DVs were persisted in a 210-day-old fetus, a 240-day-old fetus, and a 270-day-old fetus. Two newborns, two 2-year-old and two 3-year-old cattle had no rudimentum of DV (6 cases, 31.58%). However, vestiges of DV in varying sizes were observed in a 14-day-old, a 3O-day-old, two 180-day-old and nine adult cattle (13 cases, 68.42%). The lengths of vestiges of DV were about 4.97~99.66 mm. Therefore, the present study demonstrates that DV in cattle can be degenerated during the late period of a pregnancy.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.475-477
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• 2013

Although alveolar echinococcosis (AE) can cause a serious disease with high mortality and morbidity similar to malign neoplasms. A 62-year-old woman admitted to a hospital located in Sivas, Turkey, with the complaints of fatigue and right upper abdominal pain. On contrast abdominal CT, a $54{\times}70{\times}45$ mm sized cystic lesion was detected in the left lobe of the liver that was seen to extend to the posterior mediastinum and invade the diaphragm, esophagus, and pericardium. The cystic lesion was seen to be occluding the inferior vena cava and left hepatic vein at the level where the hepatic veins poured into the inferior vena cava. Bilateral pleural effusion was also detected. We discussed this secondary Budd-Chiari Syndrome (BCS) case, resulting from the AE occlusion of the left hepatic vein and inferior vena cava, in light of the information in literature.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.65-73
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• 2011

Objectives : The present study was evaluated the protective roles of Spatholobi Caulis in hepatotoxic rats due to APAP overdose. Methods : In experiments, rats were orally administrated with the aqueous extract of Spatholobi Caulis (SCE; 50, 100 mg/kg) for 4 days and then, orally gavage with APAP (1.2 g/kg) to induce acute liver damage. Results : Oral injection of APAP caused severe hepatic injury. Plasma ALT, AST and LDH levels were significantly elevated, but SCE significantly decreased ALT, AST and LDH to the normal level. In histopathological analysis, peripheral hemorrhage around portal triads and central necrosis around central veins were founded after APAP treatment. However, these histopathological changes were recovered by SCE pretreatment. SCE also decreased the percentage of generative hepatic regions (%/$mm^2$ hepatic parenchyma), the numbers of inflammatory cells (cells/$mm^2$ hepatic parenchyma) and the number of degenerative hepatic cells (N/100 hepatic cellls) which were significantly elevated after APAP injection. Furthermore, SCE down-regulated the contents of hepatic MDA and up-regulated hepatic GSH. SCE also inhibited the decrease in the expression of pro-caspase-3 by APAP treatment. Conclusions : Collectively, these data indicate that SCE protected APAP-induced hapatic damages through antioxidative and anti-apoptotic process. These findings the significant therapeutic potential of SCE during APAP-induced liver injury.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2013

Korean red ginseng is known to regulate the immune system and help the body struggle infection and disease. Cadmium is widely distributed in the environment due to its use in industry. Exposure to cadmium is problematic causing organ dysfunction. This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of Korean red ginseng extract (RGE) against cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. In experiments, animals were orally administrated with RGE (25, 50 mg/kg) for 7 d and then intravenously injected with cadmium ($CdCl_2$, 4 mg/kg) to induce acute hepatotoxicity. Cadmium caused the elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase in serum. In contrast, pretreatment with RGE significantly reduced those serum indexes related with liver damage. In histopathological analysis, RGE decreased the centrilobular necrosis around central veins and the peripheral hemorrhage around portal triads. Moreover, RGE restored the deficit in hepatic glutathione level resulting from cadmium treatment. RGE also inhibited the increase in the expression of Bad, a representative apoptosis marker protein, induced by cadmium treatment. Collectively, these results demonstrate that RGE can reduce the cadmium-induced hepatic toxicity, partly via anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic process.