• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.71-84
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• 2004

There is a growing demand for agrometeorological information that end-users can use and not just interesting information. lo achieve this, each region/community needs to develop and provide localized climate and weather information for growers. Additionally, provide tools to help local users interpret climate forecasts issued by the National Weather Service in the country. Real time information should be provided for farmers, including some basic data. An ideal agrometeorological information system includes several components: an efficient data measuring and collection system; a modern telecommunication system; a standard data management processing and analysis system; and an advanced technological information dissemination system. While it is conventional wisdom that, Internet is and will play a major role in the delivery and dissemination of agrometeorological information, there are large gaps between the "information rich" and the "information poor" countries. Rural communities represent the "last mile of connectivity". For some time to come, TV broadcast, radio, phone, newspaper and fax will be used in many countries for communication. The differences in achieving this among countries arise from the human and financial resources available to implement this information and the methods of information dissemination. These differences must be considered in designing any information dissemination system. Experience shows that easy across to information more tailored to user needs would substantially increase use of climate information. Opportunities remain unexplored for applications of geographical information systems and remote sensing in agro meteorology.e sensing in agro meteorology.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.229-234
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• 2008

Hepatobiliary scintigraphy is very sensitivity of hepatic cell and gallbladder, biliary track atresia and biliary leakage. however, Hepatobiliary scan of biliary leakage diagnosis was separated determine biliary leakage and bowl drainage bile-juice. The object of this study will determine biliary leakage and bowl drainage bile-juice to hepatobiliary scintigraphy both decubitus position in bile leakage patients. Material & Methode: 31 patients (meal 14, Femeal 17), $51.1{\pm}14.4$ years. dynamic scan acquisition 60 farme for 60 minute on supine position. and delay scan was 2 hrs, 4 hrs, 24 hrs for 5 minute on supine, both decubitus position. Both decubitus position scan was kept for 5 minutes. Efficient of Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy both decubitus position in bile leakage patients was compared leakage size, density, image of supine position and both decubitus position. Results: 23 patients for 31 bile leakage patients was checked up function image or delay image, and 8 patients was checked up bile leakage on both decubitus. anatomical leakage location was supine position very well, but both decubitus position was separated bile leakage and moving bile-juice in bowl. also, uptake (counts/pixel) average of roi and bkg was supine 5.02, left decubitus 2.08, right decubitus 2.68. No. pixels of supine ROI counted 1.91 times than left decubitus, 1.05 times than right decubitus. Conclusion: 31 patient both decubitus position, but decubitus position was separated bile juice movement in bowl leakage location. also, It was compared ROI/BKG ratio and ROI No. pixels of supine, both decubitus in 38.5% patients. And No. pixels of supine position was large 19%, 5% than left decubitus, right decubitus, And density was in low 60%, 50% than left decubitus, right decubitus. It was mean bile leakage of ROI. so, If Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy was additional both decubitus position scan in bile leakage patients, this study will be more valuable in diagnosis of bile leakage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1701-1707
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• 2005

This study deals with the characterization of porcine PIK3C3 and association tests with quantitative traits. PIK3C3 belongs to the class 3 PI3Ks that participate in the regulation of hepatic glucose output, glycogen synthase, and antilipolysis in typical insulin target cells such as those in the such as liver, muscle system, and fat. On the analysis of full-length mRNA sequence, the length of the PIK3C3 CDS was recorded as 2,664 bps. As well, nucleotide and amino acid identities between human and pig subjects were 92% and 99%, respectively. Five SNPs were detected over 5 exons. We performed genotyping by using a SNP C2604T on exon24 for 145 F$_2$ animals (from a cross between Korean native boars and Landrace sows) by PCR-RFLP analysis with Hpy8I used to investigate the relationship between growth and fat depot traits. In the total association analysis, which doesn' consider transmission disequilibrium, the SNP showed a significant effect (p<0.05) on body weight and carcass fat at 30 weeks of age as well as a highly significant effect (p<0.01) on back fat. In an additional sib-pair analysis, C allele still showed positive and significant effects (p<0.05) on back fat thickness and carcass fat. Moreover, the effects of C allele on the means of within-family components for carcass fat and back fat were estimated as 2.76 kg and 5.07 mm, respectively. As a result, the SNP of porcine PIK3C3 discovered in this study could be utilized as a possible genetic marker for the selection of pigs that possess low levels of back fat and carcass fat at the slaughter weight.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.291-298
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• 2004

Kimchi contains various antioxidative components, therefore it is expected that kimchi have the inhibitory activity on aging. Among the many factor related to aging, UV radiation is the easiest way to induce skin aging. This experiment was designed to demonstrate the antioxidative activity of dietary kimchi with and without UV radiation in tissues. Lyophilized Korean cabbage kimchi, mustard leaf kimchi and buchu kimchi were used for measurement of the contents of antioxidative components. Chlorophyll contents in buchu and mustard leaf kimchi were higher than cabbage kimchi, and the contents of carotene and ascorbic acid were higher in the mustard leaf kimchi. To clarify the antioxidative activity of various kimchi diets in vivo system, hairless mice were fed the diet containing 10% lyophilized kimchi for 20 weeks. Contents of superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical in liver were not shown significant differences, however hydrogen peroxide were significantly decreased in mustard leaf and buchu kimchi diet groups. Supplementation of all kinds of kimchi diets attenuated the hepatic NDA accumulation, especially in mustard leaf and leek kimchi group. In the skin, the contents of MDA were decreased in kimchi groups compared to control group, especially the buchu kimchi diet significantly inhibited the lipid peroxidation. To elucidate the effect of kimchi diets on photooxidation, the extent of oxidative damage in liver and skin was measured after UVB radiation treatment. The contents of lipid peroxides was decreased in mustard leaf kimchi group and cabbage kimchi group compared to control, while lipid peroxidation was increased in buchu kimchi diet group. It suggests that chlorophylls and other antioxidative nutrients in the various kimchi diets are related to antioxidation or photooxidation and it might be needed further study to certify the exact mechanisms.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.546-552
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• 1998

Background: Up to 90% of a theophylline dose is biotransformed, by interaction with one or more the variants of the cytochrome P-450 drug metabolism system. Macrolides affect the elimination of theophylline by influencing on the microsomal enzyme systems. We evaluate the effect of erythromycin and new macrolides on the serum theophylline level and clearance. Method : Subjects consisted of moderate asthmatic patients with normal renal and hepatic functions. All subjects were non-smokers and treated with oral theophylline 400 mg per day. We randomly assigned 53 patients into four groups. Each group was treated with one macrolides, the first group erythromycin(n:19, 500 mg bid), second roxithromycin (n:14. 150 mg bid), third clarithromycin (n:10, 250 mg bid) and fourth azithromycin(n:10, 250 mg bid). We measured the serum theophylline level and clearance at three intervals, at pretreatment, after the first and fourth week after receiving the following macrolides, erythromycin, roxithromycin and clarithromycin. When azithromycin was administered, the serum theophylline level was measured at pretreatment and after one week of treatment They were measured by a computerized program of Bayesian method. Results : When compared with control, erythromycin and roxithromycin-treated groups had a significantly elevated serum theophylline level and decreased clearance. However, there were no significant changes of the serum theophylline level and clearance in clarithromycin and azithromycin-treated groups. Conclusion : These results suggest that theophylline dose may need to be readjusted and have periodic drug monitoring when erythromycin or roxithromycin is administered concurrently.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.650-666
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• 2010

Objectives : In this study, the author tried to investigate whether wood vinegar produced from Morus alba (MA) significantly affects the increase in airway epithelial mucosubstances and hyperplasia of tracheal goblet cells of rats, and in vitro airway mucin secretion and PMA- or EGF- or TNF-alpha-induced MUC5AC mucin production / gene expression from human airway epithelial cells. Materials and Methods : For the in vivo experiment, the author induced hypersecretion of airway mucus and goblet cell hyperplasia by exposure of rats to SO2 over 3 weeks. Effect of orally-administered MA over 2 weeks on increase in airway epithelial mucosubstances from tracheal goblet cells of rats and hyperplasia of goblet cells were assessed using histopathological analysis after staining the epithelial tissue with alcian blue. For the in vitro experiment, confluent RTSE cells were chased for 30 min in the presence of MA to assess the effect of MA on mucin secretion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Also, effects of MA on PMA- or EGF- or TNF-alpha-induced MUC5AC mucin production and gene expression from human airway epithelial cells (NCI-H292) were investigated. Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated for 30 min in the presence of MA and treated with PMA (10 ng/ml), EGF (25 ng/ml) or TNF-alpha (0.2 nm) for 24 hrs, to assess both effects of MA on PMA- or EGF- or TNF-alpha-induced MUC5AC mucin production by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and gene expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Possible cytotoxicities of MA in vitro were assessed by examining LDH release from RTSE cells and the rate of survival and proliferation of NCI-H292 cells. In vivo liver and kidney toxicities of MA were evaluated by measuring serum GOT/GPT activities and serum BUN/creatinine concentrations of rats after administering MA orally. Results : 1. MA decreased the amount of intraepithelial mucosubstances of rats exposed to sulfur dioxide inhalationally. 2. MA decreased in vitro mucin secretion from cultured RTSE cells. 3. MA significantly inhibited PMA-, EGF-, and TNF-alpha-induced MUC5AC mucin productions and the expression levels of MUC5AC mRNA from NCI-H292 cells. 4. MA did not show either in vitro or in vivo hepatic or renal toxicities. Conclusion : The results from this study suggests that MA can regulate the secretion, production and gene expression of airway mucin observed in diverse respiratory diseases accompanied by mucus hypersecretion and does not show in vivo toxicity to liver and kidney functions after oral administration. Effects of MA should be further studied using animal experimental models that simulate the diverse pathophysiology of respiratory diseases via future research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.377-386
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary Indongcho(L. japonica Thunb) powder on blood glucose, serum lipid levels and antioxidative enzymes in normal and streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Four groups of rats(3-week-old inbred Sprague-Dawley male rats) were normal rats fed control diet(NC), diabetic rats fed control diet(DC), normal rats fed Indongcho powder diet(NI), and diabetic rats fed Indongcho powder diet(DI). Diabetes was induced by single injection of streptozotocin(60mg/kg B.W., i.p.). The animals were fed ad libium each of the experimental diet for 5 weeks. Food and water intakes were determined everyday. Blood glucose and serum total cholesterol levels were determined every week. After 5 weeks the animals were sacrificed and activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation products were determined in their liver and kidney homogenates. We also determined serum concentrations of total lipid(TL), total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG) and HDL-cholesterol(HDL-C). Blood sugar and water intake were higher in diabetic group(DC and DI group) than normal group(NC and NI group) and were not significantly decreased by dietary Indongcho intake. Body weight gain and FER(feed efficiency ratio) were reduced by STZ treatment. But, Final body weight was recovered by Indongcho-contained diet. LHR(LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol) of the DI g re up was significantly lower than the other experimental groups(NC, NI and DC groups). The hepatic glucose 6-phosphatase(G6Pase) activity of the groups fed Indongcho diet(NI and DI group) was lower than the groups fed control diet(NC and DC group) and the G6Pase activity of NI group was recovered to the normal levels(p<0.05). However, The glutathione peroxidase(GPx) and glutathione reductase(GR) activities in liver and G6Pase activity in kidney were not statistically different between the control and diabetic control groups. Renal GST activity of the DI group was recovered by Indongcho intake. In conclusion, these results confirm oxidative stress in the liver and kidney of rats with STZ diabetes and antioxidative effect of Indongcho.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.515-521
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• 2013

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (the treatment group) versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy (the control group) for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: The search strategy included Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Internet Web, Chinese Biomedical Database and Wanfang Database. We also searched reference lists of articles and the volumes of abstracts of scientific meetings. All randomized controlled trials were included for a meta-analysis performed with RevMan 5.1.0. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system (GRADE) was used to rate the level of evidence. Results: Eleven studies were included. Risk ratios of 0.99 (95%CI 0.72-1.36), 0.37 (95%CI 0.20-0.69), 1.08 (95%CI 0.84-1.38), 0.98 (95%CI 0.75-1.27) were observed for 3 years overall survival, 3 years progression-free survival, 2 years loco-regional failure-free survival and 2 years distant metastasis failure-free survival. There were no treatment-related deaths in either group in the 11 studies. Risk ratios of 1.90 (95%CI 1.24-2.92), 2.67 (95%CI 0.64-11.1), 1.04 (95%CI 0.79-1.37), 0.98 (95%CI 0.27-3.52) were found for grade 3-4 leukopenia, grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia, grade 3-4 mucous membrane, and grade 3-4 hepatic hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicity, the most significant toxicities for patients. Conclusion: Compared with the control group, induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy was well tolerated but could not significantly improve prognosis in terms of overall survival, loco-regional failure-free survival or distant metastasis failure-free survival.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.322-326
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• 2009

Glutathione is a well-known chemotherapeutic agent and a popular nutritional supplement for liver disease and oxidative stress. Our previous studies reported the suppressive effects of the glutathione-enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae FF-8 (FF-8) strain on carbon tetrachloride- and alcohol-induced oxidative stress in rats. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of the FF-8 strain on lipid peroxidation in tissues of rats with orotic acid (OA)-induced fatty liver. OA treatment showed a significant decrease in body weight gain compared to the normal diet, and simultaneous addition of FF-8 and OA had the same effect. OA treatment produced an increase in liver weight, however, this also increased with simultaneous addition of FF-8 and OA. Liver lipid peroxidation was significantly increased by OA, but was significantly decreased by FF-8 strain treatment. This same tendency was found in the kidney and heart. Concentration levels of hepatic glutathione and zinc are known to be closely associated with the antioxidant system, and OA treatment led to reductions in liver glutathione and zinc concentrations, whereas these were significantly increased by FF-8 strain treatment in OA feeding rats. These results suggest that the glutathione-enriched S. cerevisiae FF-8 strain may positively mediate orotic acid-induced oxidative stress by enhancing glutathione and zinc levels in rat livers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.913-920
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• 2003

Soybean sauce fermented with soybean and wheat, has been a major condiment of Korean diets from centuries ago. Melanoidin, a brown pigment generally found in various food systems, is a final product produced in amino-carbonyl reaction during soybean sauce processing. Antioxidative activities of soybean sauce and melanoidin were investigated in vitro system using linoleic acid emulsion. Soybean sauce and glucose-lysine model melanoidin showed the stronger antioxidative effect than control by ferric thiocyanate and conjugated diene assays. In addition, DPPH radical scavenging effect of soybean sauce was higher than melanoidin, which was ascribed to soluble peptide and low molecular protein existing in soybean sauce. To ascertain antioxidative effect of dietary soybean sauce and melanoidin in vivo, the male Wister rats were fed 10% soybean sauce or 10% glucose-lysine model melanoidin with corn oil or fish oil for 5 weeks. Fatty acid compositions in liver and plasma were influenced by oil source. Therefore, EPA and DHA contents of fish oil group were higher than those of corn oil group. When the inhibitory effect of soybean sauce and melanoidin on lipid peroxidation using TBARS methods was measured, fish oil group (FC) showed higher malondialdehyde (MDA) content than corn oil group (CC). However, supplementation of soybean sauce and melanoidin to fish oil group attenuated MDA formation. In the levels of phosphatidyl choline hydroperoxide (PCOOH) in liver and plasma by CL (chemiluminescence)-HPLC method, PCOOH in FC group was significantly higher than that of CC group both in liver and plasma. Supplementation of soybean sauce to fish oil groups significantly inhibited the formation of PCOOH in plasma and liver, while melanoidin suppressed hepatic PCOOH formation. Based on these results, it can be suggested that soybean sauce possesses stronger antioxidative potential than melanoidin.