• 한국가금학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2018

현대양계산업은 육종, 영양, 관리기술의 향상에 힘입어 산란계의 생산성과 육계의 성장성이 크게 향상되었다. 이러한 닭의 생산성 향상을 뒷받침해 주기 위해서는 이들의 대사적 요구를 충족시킬 수 있는 건강한 간의 기능이 필요하다. 가금에서 지방산의 대부분은 간에서 생합성되며, 이는 간의 지방대사가 닭의 생육 및 산란능력 등에 매우 중요하다는 것을 의미한다. 간에서의 지방합성이 지방의 대사능력과 분비를 초과하게 되면 중성지방은 간에 축적되어 지방간(fatty liver)을 유발하기도 한다. 산란계의 경우 산란을 시작하게 되면 혈액 내 유리지방산, 지질 및 인지질 등이 급격히 증가한다. 산란계에서 산란율이 높은 닭은 난황합성이 활발하게 일어나기 때문에 지방간을 가지는 경우가 많으며, 심한 경우 간의 손상(liver-hemorrhage)에 의해 폐사로 이어질 수 있다. 따라서 닭의 간에서 지방합성과 합성된 지방의 분비와 이용은 건강한 닭의 성장과 생산성 향상에 주요한 열쇠로 판단되어 최근까지 연구된 닭의 지방대사와 지방간 억제 혹은 예방 등에 대하여 기술하였다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.278-286
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• 2015

The overall purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Chunggukjang and Greentea-Chunggukjang on the lipid profile, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activities of liver tissue in growing male rats fed cholesterol. Twenty seven rats were divided into three treatment groups (Control, Chunggukjang and Greentea-Chunggukjang) and were given experimental diets with 1% cholesterol for 9 weeks. All rats in this study were fed a casein-based diet. Chunggukjang groups were fed diet containing 33.1% Chunggukjang powder. The Chunggukjang and Greentea-Chunggukjang groups showed significantly lower weight gain, food efficiency ratio than the control group regardless of Chunggukjang type. Serum total cholesterol was significantly lower in the Chunggukjang group than in the control group, whereas serum triglyceride and atherogenic index were significantly lower in the Greentea-Chunggukjang group than in the control group. Hepatic triglyceride contents was not significantly different among the diets. However, hepatic cholesterol content was significantly lower in the Greentea-Chunggukjang group than in the control group. Lipid peroxidation of malondialdehyde (MDA) contents was significantly lower in the Chunggukjang and Greentea-Chunggukjang groups than in the control group. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) in liver tissue of the Chunggukjang and Greentea-Chunggukjang groups were not significantly different. It can be concluded that Chunggukjang and Greentea-Chunggukjang influence lipid profile and hepatic malondialdehyde contents in growing male rats fed cholesterol.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.46-61
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: An increasing life expectancy in society has burdened healthcare systems substantially because of the rising prevalence of age-related metabolic diseases. This study compared the effects of animal protein hydrolysate (APH) and casein on metabolic diseases using aged mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: Eight-week-old and 50-week-old C57BL/6J mice were used as the non-aged (YC group) and aged controls (NC group), respectively. The aged mice were divided randomly into 3 groups (NC, low-APH [LP], and high-APH [HP] and fed each experimental diet for 12 weeks. In the LP and HP groups, casein in the AIN-93G diet was substituted with 16 kcal% and 24 kcal% APH, respectively. The mice were sacrificed when they were 63-week-old, and plasma and hepatic lipid, white adipose tissue weight, hepatic glucose, lipid, and antioxidant enzyme activities, immunohistochemistry staining, and mRNA expression related to the glucose metabolism on liver and muscle were analyzed. RESULTS: Supplementation of APH in aging mice resulted in a significant decrease in visceral fat (epididymal, perirenal, retroperitoneal, and mesenteric fat) compared to the negative control (NC) group. The intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and area under the curve analysis revealed insulin resistance in the NC group, which was alleviated by APH supplementation. APH supplementation reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis and increased glucose utilization in the liver and muscle. Furthermore, APH supplementation improved hepatic steatosis by reducing the hepatic fatty acid and phosphatidate phosphatase activity while increasing the hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity. Furthermore, in the APH supplementation groups, the red blood cell (RBC) thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and hepatic H₂O₂ levels decreased, and the RBC glutathione, hepatic catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities increased. CONCLUSIONS: APH supplementation reduced visceral fat accumulation and alleviated obesity-related metabolic diseases, including insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis, in aged mice. Therefore, high-quality animal protein APH that reduces the molecular weight and enhances the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score has potential as a dietary supplement for healthy aging.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2007

To determine whether 17$\beta$-estradiol induces the morphological changes in adipose and liver tissues, we measured the effects of 17$\beta$-estradiol on adipose tissue mass, adipocyte histology and hepatic lipid accumulation in female ovariectomized (OVX) C57BL/6J mice. Compared to vehicle-treated control mice, 17$\beta$-estradiol-treated mice decreased adipose tissue mass and the size of adipocytes, and concomitantly increased the number of adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the administration of 17$\beta$-estradiol resulted in reduced hepatic lipid accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that estrogen may regulate adipocyte development and lipid metabolism in female OVX C57BL/6J mice.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.227-239
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 ME가 고지방식이를 섭취한 쥐에서 간의 miRs와 염증 조절을 통해 간 지질 축적 억제에 영향을 미치는지 조사하였다. 4주령 수컷 Sprague-Dawley 쥐는 3 그룹 (n = 7)으로 나누어 14주 동안 10 kcal% 저지방 식이 (LF), 45 kcal% 고지방 식이 (HF) 또는 HF + 0.8% ME를 공급하였다. ME의 공급은 체중 증가를 줄이고 혈청 지질 수준을 개선하였으며 간 지질 축적을 억제하였다. 간의 지방 대사에 관여하는 유전자인 PPAR-γ, SREBP-1c, FAS 및 FAT/CD36의 mRNA 수준은 HF 군에 비해 ME 군에서 유의하게 하향 조절되었다. 반면, 지방산 산화에 관여하는 CPT-1의 mRNA 수준은 HF 군에 비해 ME 군에서 유의하게 상향 조절되었다. ME는 간의 염증 매개에 관여하는 TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1 및 iNOS의 mRNA 수준을 하향 조절하였으며 혈청의 TNF-α, IL-6 및 NO 농도 또한 유의하게 낮추었다. 비알콜성 지방간의 염증상태에서 증가하는 miR-221과 miR-222의 발현은 HF 군에 비해 ME 군에서 유의하게 억제되었다. 본 연구의 결과들은 ME의 간 지질 축적 억제 효과가 지질대사와 염증 조절에 관여하는 조절 인자의 개선 및 간의 miR-221/222 발현 억제와 관련 있음을 시사한다. 따라서, ME는 NAFLD을 개선하는 천연물 소재로서 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.710-714
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• 2006

The present study examined the lipid lowering and antioxidant activity of Paecilomyces tenuipes. Eight week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed one of the three diets, a reference diet without cholesterol addition (NC), a high fat (17 g/ 100 g)-high cholesterol (1 g/100 g) diet (HC) and a HC diet supplemented with 3% P. tenuipes (PT) for 30 days. Total lipid and total cholesterol were reduced significantly by 33 and 37%, respectively, in the PT diet group compared with controls. A similar reduction was found for low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, while plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) concentrations were not significantly different among groups. Hepatic total lipid and total cholesterol levels, but not hepatic TG levels, were significantly decreased in the PT group compared to the HC group. The administration of P. tenuipes increased the plasma total antioxidant potential and decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation. These results suggest that P. tenuipes exerts significant health benefits through the modulation of physiological functions including a variety of atherogenic lipid profiles and antioxidants in hypercholesterolemia.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1988년도 학술대회지
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• pp.81-86
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• 1988

고려인삼에서 분리한 폴리아세틸렌 성분인 파낙시돌, 파낙시놀과 파낙시트리올의 사염화탄소로 유도된 마우스와 흰주의 지질과 산화와 효소적 또는 비효소적으로 유도된 시험관내 과산화 지질 형성에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 정상 또는 사염화탄소 처리된 마우스와 흰쥐에 대한 폴리아세틸렌의 효과를 혈청과 간 과산화 지질수준과 혈청효소 (GOT, GPT, LDH) 활성을 측정함으로써 관찰하였다. 간 마이크로좀 내 cytochrome P-450 함량과 aniline hydroxylase와 aminopyrine demethylase 활성도 측정되었다. 정상 마우스에 폴리아세틸렌을 처리한 경우 파낙시놀의 경우를 제외하곤 간과 혈청의 과산화 지질 형성과 혈청효소들의 활성에 변화가 없었으며, 파낙시놀은 간의 지질 과산화를 억제하였다, 폴리아세틸렌 성분들은 사염화탄소로 유도된 간의 과산화지질형성에 대한 보호작용을 나타내었고, 혈청지질과산화 수준을 낮추었다. 또한 사염화탄소로 유도된 LDH의 혈액내 유출에 대한 보호작용이 있으나, 혈청 GOT와 GPT 수준엔 영향을 주지 않았다. 사염화탄소는 cytochrome P-450 함량과 aniline hydroxylase, aminopyrine demethylase 활성을 낮추었으며, 이 경우 폴리아세틸렌은 효과를 나타내지 못하였다. 반면, 사염화탄소 없이 폴리아세틸렌만 처리한경우, 파낙시돌과 파낙시놀은 aniline hydroxylase를 세폴리아세틸렌성분은 aminopyrine demethylase를 유도하였으며, cytochrome P-450엔 영향을 주지 않았다. 시험관내 간 마이크로좀의 지질 과산화는 폴리아세틸렌 첨가시 농도에 비례하여 억제되었다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.533-538
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We investigated the effect of Pycnogenol (Pyc) on survival and immune dysfunction of C57BL/6 mice induced by low micronutrient supplementation. MATERIALS/METHODS: Female C57/BL/6 mice were fed a diet containing 7.5% of the recommended amount of micronutrients for a period of 12 wks (immunological assay) and 18 wks (survival test). For immunological assay, lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine regulation, and hepatic oxidative status were determined. RESLUTS: Pyc supplementation with 50 and $100mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}bw{\cdot}d^{-1}$ resulted in partial extension of the median survival time. Pyc supplementation led to increased T and B cell response against mitogens and recovery of an abnormal shift of cytokine pattern designated by the decreased secretion of Th1 cytokine and increased secretion of Th2 cytokine. Hepatic vitamin E level was significantly decreased by micronutrient deficiency, in accordance with increased hepatic lipid peroxidation level. However, Pyc supplementation resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of hepatic lipid peroxidation, which may result from restoration of hepatic vitamin E level. CONCLUSION: Findings of this study suggest that Pyc supplementation ameliorates premature death by restoring immune dysfunction, such as increasing lymphocyte proliferation and regulation of cytokine release from helper T cells, which may result from the antioxidative ability of Pyc.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.344-351
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of isoflavones on lipid concentrations and hepatic LDL receptor mRNA level in growing female rats. Twenty four rats (body weight $75\pm5g$) were randomly assigned to one of two groups, consuming control diet or isoflavones supplemented diet (57mg isoflavones/100g diet). All rats has been fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 9 weeks. The concentration of triglyceride and total cholesterol were measured in serum and liver. Serum HDL cholesterol was measured. Hepatic LDL receptor mRNA level was tested by RT-PCR. Supplementation of isoflavones did not affect weight gain, mean food intake and food efficiency ratio. Serum total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol of isoflavones supplemented rats were significantly lower than those of control rats (p<0.05). But hepatic cholseterol was not influenced by supplementation of isoflavones. Hepatic LDL receptor mRNA level not significantly different between control group and isoflavones supplemented group. Therefore, isoflavones may be beneficial on serum cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol lowering in growing female rats.

• 약학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 1992

To achieve better understanding of the effects of monosodium-L-glutamate(MSG) against $CCl_4$ fatty liver in Wister male rats, 5% MSG solution was given as drinking water and $CCl_4$ 0.1 ml/kg was injected subcutaneously twice a week for four weeks. It was showed that increased hepatic phospholipid and hepatic triacylglycerol levels by $CCl_4$ challenge were significantly decreased by additionnal MSG, respectively. However, MSG had no apparent effect on the elevated hepatic cholesterol level in the presence of $CCl_4$. Histologically, additional MSG markedly inhibited fatty degeneration, spotty necrosis, inflammation and periportal vascular proliferation manifested by $CCl_4$. respectively. These results indicated that effects of MSG against $CCl_4$ induced-fatty liver appeared to be involved with partial restoration of altered hepatic lipid composition.