• BMB Reports
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.382-395
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• 2007

The herb, Cajanus indicus L, is well known for its hepatoprotective action. A 43 kD protein has been isolated, purified and partially sequenced from the leaves of this herb. A number of in vivo and in vitro studies carried out in our laboratory suggest that this protein might be a major component responsible for the hepatoprotective action of the herb. Our successive studies have been designed to evaluate the potential efficacy of this protein in protecting the hepatic as well as renal tissues from the sodium fluoride (NaF) induced oxidative stress. The experimental groups of mice were exposed to NaF at a dose of 600 ppm through drinking water for one week. This exposure significantly altered the activities of the antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and the cellular metabolites such as reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), total thiols, lipid peroxidation end products in liver and kidney compared to the normal mice. Intraperitoneal administration of the protein at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight for seven days followed by NaF treatment (600 ppm for next seven days) normalized the activities of the hepato-renal antioxidant enzymes, the level of cellular metabolites and lipid peroxidation end products. Post treatment with the protein for four days showed that it could help recovering the damages after NaF administration. Time-course study suggests that the protein could stimulate the recovery of both the organs faster than natural process. Effects of a known antioxidant, vitamin E, and a non-relevant protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA) have been included in the study to validate the experimental data. Combining all, result suggests that NaF could induce severe oxidative stress both in the liver and kidney tissues in mice and the protein possessed the ability to attenuate that hepato-renal toxic effect of NaF probably via its antioxidant activity.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.238-247
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• 2011

본 실험은 streptozotocin(STZ)으로 당뇨병이 유도된 쥐의 혈장 요소질소량, 지질수준 및 간 지질수준, 간 효소 활성에 천연 기능성 소재 화합물이 미치는 영향을 평가하는 것이 목적이었다. 총 콜레스테롤은 기능성 소재를 보충 급여한 실험군에서 유의적으로 낮은 수치(70.69 mg/dL)를 보였으며, 이로 인해 총 콜레스테롤에 대한 HDL 콜레스테롤의 비율이 증가(42.6에서 51.5%로) 하였다. 그러나, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GSH 및 LPO 활성에는 변화가 없었으며, 이는 기능성 소재의 보충 급여가 당뇨 쥐의 산화적 스트레스에는 큰 영향을 주지 않음을 의미한다. 보충 급여가 당뇨 쥐의 AST 수치 감소시켰으며, 이는 천연 기능성 소재 화합물 섭취가 간 기능 손상을 입은 STZ 유발 당뇨 쥐에 회복작용을 함을 알 수 있었다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.416-418
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• 2009

번데기동충하초의 간독성 회복 효과를 HaM/ICR 계열의 흰쥐를 이용하여 검정하였다. 벤조피렌 복강주사시, 혈중의 aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 및 alanine aminotransferase (ALT)의 효소활성과 간조직의 lipid peroxide (LPO) 농도는 대조군과 비교시 급격히 증가하여 간독성을 유발하였다. 그러나, 벤조피렌 대조군과 비교시, 번데기 동충하초 배양액의 경구 투여시 AST와 ALT의 효소활성 및 LPO 농도는 감소하였으며, 벤조피렌에 유도된 간 조직의 glutathione 농도 및 glutathione S-transferase 효소활성은 증가하여 간독성을 회복하였다. 실험결과는 번데기 동충하초 균사체 배양액이 벤조피렌 유발 간독성에 대해 회복 효과가 있음을 보여준다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.497-501
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• 2000

We investigated the effect of tea fungus/kombucha(TF) beverage on serum and liver lipid metabolism in growing male rats. The rats(Sprague-Dawley) were divided into five groups; control(TF free water), 20 or 40% TF groups(20 or 40% TF in water) and 20 or 40% TFS groups(20 or 40% TF autoclaved in water) according to the level of TF supplementation. The rats were fed ad libitum each of the experimental beverage for 7 weeks. The body weight gain of all the TF and TFS groups were similar to that of the control group. The total lipid and triglyceride concentrations of serum in the 40% TF group were increased more than those in the control group, but those in the 20% TF and 20% TFS groups were similar to that of the control group. The total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol concentrations, HDL-cholesterol / total cholesterol ratio and atherogenic index of serum in all the TF and TFS groups were similar to those of the control group. The LDL-cholesterol concentration of serum was significantly lower in the 20% TF group than that in the control group. The LDL-cholesterol concentration of serum was significantly lower in the 20% TF group than that in the control group, but those of the 40% TF, 20% TFS and 40% TFS groups were similar to that of the control group. The liver weights of all the TF and TFS groups were heavier than that of the control group. The concentrations of hepatic triglyceride in the 20% TF and 20% TFS groups were significantly decreased, compared with that in the control group. The concentrations of hepatic total cholesterol in all the TF and TFS groups were significantly more decreased than that in the control group. These results indicated that the liver weights of tea fungus/kombucha beverage feeding rats were increased, also the serum triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations of 40% TF feeding rats were increased. but the serum LDL-cholesterol, hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol levels of 20% TF feeding rats were decreased.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.431-443
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Nobiletin (NOB), a citrus flavonoid, is reported to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular and metabolic health. However, there is limited research investigating the effect of long-term supplementation with low-dose NOB on high-cholesterol diet (HCD)-induced hypercholesterolemia and non-obese nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, we investigated the influence of NOB on hypercholesterolemia and NAFLD in HCD-fed mice. SUBJECTS/METHODS: C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet (ND) or HCD (35 kcal% fat, 1.25% cholesterol, 0.5% cholic acid) with or without NOB (0.02%) for 20 weeks. RESULTS: HCD feeding markedly reduced the final body weight compared to ND feeding, with no apparent energy intake differences. NOB supplementation suppressed HCD-induced weight loss without altering energy intake. Moreover, NOB significantly decreased the total cholesterol (TC) levels and the low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/very-LDL-cholesterol to TC ratio, and increased the high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol/TC ratio in plasma, compared to those for HCD feeding alone. The plasma levels of inflammatory and atherosclerosis markers (C-reactive protein, oxidized LDL, interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) were significantly lower, whereas those of anti-atherogenic adiponectin and paraoxonase were higher in the NOB-supplemented group than in the HCD control group. Furthermore, NOB significantly decreased liver weight, hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride contents, and lipid droplet accumulation by inhibiting messenger RNA expression of hepatic genes and activity levels of cholesterol synthesis-, esterification-, and fatty acid synthesis-associated enzymes, concomitantly enhancing fatty acid oxidation-related gene expression and enzyme activities. Dietary NOB supplementation may protect against hypercholesterolemia and NAFLD via regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism in HCD-fed mice; these effects are associated with the amelioration of inflammation and reductions in the levels of atherosclerosis-associated cardiovascular markers. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that NOB may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of HCD-induced hypercholesterolemia and NAFLD.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.337-345
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• 2010

본 실험은 타우린이 고지방 사료를 급여한 산란계의 생산성, 계란 품질, 혈액 성상, 간 조직의 지질 및 지질과산화물 수준에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 45주령 Hy-Line 갈색계 280수를 4개의 처리구로 구분하여 처리구당 7반복, 반복당 10수씩 배치하여 4주간 실시하였다. 실험 처리구는 기초 사료를 대조구로 하고, 기초 사료+0.5% 타우린(CT), 기초 사료+5% 대두유(HF) 그리고 기초 사료+5% 대두유+0.5% 타우린(HFT)로 구분하였다. 난중은 CT가 대조구보다 유의적으로 낮았으나(P<0.05), HFT는 대조구 그리고 HF와 비교하여 비슷한 수준이었다. 혈청 중 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방 그리고 GOT 농도에서 HFT는 HF보다 유의적으로 각각 약 30%, 36% 그리고 20% 감소하였다(P<0.05). 간 조직에서 중성지방 농도는 HFT보다 HF보다 약 28% 낮은 경향이었으며, 지질과 산화물 농도는 HFT가 HF보다 유의적으로 약 25% 감소하였다(P<0.05). 따라서 본 연구 결과, 고지방 사료에 타우린의 급여는 산란계의 생산성에 영향을 미치지 않으면서 혈청 중 총 콜레스테롤과 중성지방 농도를 개선하였으며, 간 조직의 지질과산화물 농도를 감소시키는 것으로 평가되었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.906-913
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• 1998

This study an analyzes the effects of the P/S ratio of dietary lipids and antioxidant vitamin supplements on serum lipids level and fatty acid profile, the degree of lipid peroxidation, and the antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver of rats treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz($\alpha$) anthracene(DMBA). P/S ratio of dietary lipids was made into 0.5, 1 and 2 by mixing palm oil, soybean oil, sesame oil and perilla oil at 10%(w/w) fat level and n-6/n-3 ratio was fixed to 4. Antioxidant vitamin of $\alpha$-tocopherol or $\beta$-carotene was supplemented in addition to vitamin mixture which was given at 1 % of the standard diet. female Sprague-Dawley strain rats, about 60 days old, were divided into three groups(LP : low P/S ratio(0.5), MP : medium P/S ratio (1.0), HP , high P/S ratio(2.0)) and each group was sub-divided into three groups(S ; standard, T ; tocopherol supplemented, C : carotene supplemented): Two weeks after feeding experimental diets, all groups were treated with a single dose of DMBA(2mg/100g BW) by gastric intubation and fed experimental diet for 9 week. The results were as follows ; 1) Serum total cholesterol(TC) level was not significantly influenced by diet but tended to be lower in HP groups compared to LP and MP groups. Triglyceride level was the highest in LP groups and the lowest in $\alpha$-tocopherol supplemented groups. 2) Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) level, representing lipid peroxidation in hepatic microsome, tended to be increased as the unsaturation of dietary lipids increases. $\alpha$-Tocopherol supplement significantly decreased TBARS level. 3) The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSHPx) in hepatic cytosol showed the tendency to be high with increasing P/S ratio of dietary lipids. SOD activity was not significantly influenced by antioxidant vitamin, but GSHPx activity was significantly increased in $\alpha$-tocopherol supplemented groups. In summary, high polyunsaturated fat diet was effective on reducing the serum level of total cholesterol and triglyceride, while it increased unsaturation and peroxidizability of serum fatty acid. With increasing P/S ratio of dietary lipids, lipid peroxidation was increased in the liver and antioxidant enzyme system was induced to inhibit lipid peroxidation against oxidative damage. $\alpha$-Tocopherol supplement was effective in lowering lipid peoxidation, but $\beta$-carotene supplement did not exhibit antioxidant effect. (Korean J Nutrition 31(5) 906~913, 1998)

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2007

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of fructose(F) or sucrose(S) and guar gum intake on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in 15-week-old male Goto-Kakizaki(GK) rats. Fifty rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups which were different in carbohydrate(25% of carbohydrate) and fiber(5% w/w) sources. The carbohydrate(CHO) sources of each group were comstarch(control group, 100% of CHO), fructose with cellulose(F), fructose with guar gum(FG), sucrose with cellulose(S), and sucrose with guar gum(SG). Each group was fed exterimental diet for 4 weeks. We measured food intake, body weight gain, adipose tissues weight and organs weight. We conducted oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) and measured plasma insulin concentration to examine carbohydrate metabolism. To evaluate lipid metabolism, we measured the lipid profile of plasma, liver and feces. Food intake and weight gain of FG or SG groups tended to be less than those of F or S groups. Perirenal and epididymal fat pad weights of SG group were significantly lower than those of S group and those of FG group tended to be lower than those of F group. In OGTT, blood glucose values of F or S groups were significantly higher than those of C group, and FG or SG groups tended to be lower than those of F or S groups during the experimental time. The area under the curve(AUC) of C group was significantly highest among the groups, AUC and plasma insulin concentration of FG or SG groups tended to be lower than those of F or S groups. Plasma and hepatic triglyceride (TG) of FG and SG groups were significantly lower than those of F and S groups, plasma and hepatic total lipid(TL) and total cholesterol(TC) of FG and SG groups tended to be lower than those of F and S groups. Fecal TL, TG and TC of FG or SG groups tended to be higher than those of F and S groups. In conclusion, intake of guar gum should improve carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in partial substitution of fructose or sucrose for cornstarch in GK rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1080-1086
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of taurine supplementation on the hepatic lipid peroxidation, activiteis of defense enzymes and membrane stability during rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Hepatocarcinogenesis was induced by Solt & Farber modification. Lipid peroxide contents of carcinogen treated group which was not supplemented with taurine were lower than those of control group. This might be that peroxide is decreased because of the activation of detoxifing enzyme. Glutathione S-transferase(GST) activites of carcinogen treated groups were significantly (p<0.05) increased compared to those of control groups. The GST activities of group supplemented with taurine before treatment of carcinogen and during the all period of experiment were only less increased. In carcinogen treated groups, glutathione peroxidase(GPx) activites of groups supplemented with taurine were higher than those of non supplemented group. By carcinogen treatemtn, glucose 6-phosphatase(G6Pase) activites, index of membrane stability were decreased, but in carcinogen treated groups supplemented with taurine, they were less decreased. These results suggest that taurine supplementation seems to inhibit lipid peroxidation, to change the activities of defense enzymes and to prevent to membrane disintegration during chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.241-255
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• 2000

Sihosamultang(SST) has been used for the treatment of puerperal fever, liver disease in traditional medicine. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant effects of SST extract in vitro. The inhibitory effect of SST extract on lipid peroxidant was examined in the linoleic acid autoxidation system. In this test, SST extract significantly inhibited the time course of the lipid peroxidation. And SST extract showed about 73% scavenging effect on DPPH radical. And this extract inhibited not only the lipid peroxide formation induced by hydroxyl radical derived from $ H_{2}O_{2}-Fe^{2+}$ in the rat liver homogenate, but also the superoxide generation from xanthine-xanthine oxidase system in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, SST extract protected the hepatic cell death induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide. These data indicated that SST might play a protective role against oxidative injury by free radicals.