• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1988년도 학술대회지
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• pp.151-155
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• 1988

인삼사포닌, 프로토파낙사다이옥 사포닌 및 푸로토파낙사트리올 사포닌의 몰핀내성 및 의존성 형성억제 작용을 연구하였다. 인삼사포닌은 독성이 10배, 진통력은 1/2인 morphinone으로 대사시키는 morphine 6-hydrogenase의 작용을 억제시켜 morphinone의 생성을 증가시켜 morphine glutathione conjugation을 촉진시키므로 morphinone의 해독작용이 증가된다. 또한 인삼은 척수하행성 억제계의 활성을 억제하여 몰핀의 진통력을 길항하므로 신경계 기능상의 변화도 몰핀의 내성 및 의존성형성 억제작용에 관여하는 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.1181-1186
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• 1997

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Codonopsis lanceolata extract on the activities of antioxidative enzymes in carbon tetrachloride treated rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed until they reached about 110$\pm$10g body weight. Thereafter they were divided into normal group(N), carbon tetrachloride treated group(T), carbon tetrachloride and Codonopsis lanceolata water extract treated group(TW). Normal group were fed standard diet and carbon tetrachloride treated group were fed carbon tetrachloride once a week at the level of 0.12ml/100g body weight. Carbon tetrachloride and Codonopsis lanceolata water extract treated group were fed carbon tetrachloride once a week at the level of 0.12ml/100g body weight and Codonopsis lanceolata water extract at the level of 0.1ml/100g body weight once a day. The rats were sacrificed after 6weeks of feeding period. Content of hepatic cytochrome P-450 diminished by carbon tetrachloride was significantly increased by Codonopsis lanceolata water extract. Significant decrease in hepatic xanthine oxidase activity was found in rats treated with Codonopsis lanceolata water extract. The activity of superoxide dismutase was decreased by carbon tetrachloride, but it was significantly increased by Codonopsis lanceolata water exract. The activity of glutathione peroxidase increased by carbon tetrachloride was significantly decreased by Codonopsis lanceolata water extract. The activities of catalase and glutathione S-transferase were significantly influenced by Codonopsis lanceolata water extract. Contents of glutathione and lipid peroxide were increased by carbon tetrachloride, but they were significantly diminished by Codonopsis lanceolata water extract.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 1989

The effects of orally administered ginseng leaf saponins(GLS) on the analgesic action of morphine, the development of morphine induced tolerance and physical dependence, and the hepatic flutathione contents in mice were investigated. GLS antagonized the analgesic action of morphine and inhibited the development of morphine induced tolerance and physical dependence. It also inhibited the decrease in hepatic glutathione level induced by multiple injections of morphine.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.288-300
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• 2011

Objectives : The object of this study was to observe the effects of Hwangryungeehwang-tang (HRGHT), which has traditionally been used in Korean medicine for treating diabetes, by administering aqueous extracts to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods : Three different dosages of HRGHT extracts were orally administered once a day for 28 days from 3 weeks after streptozotocin treatment (60 mg/kg, single intraperitoneally administered). 6 groups, of 8 rats per group were used in the present study, selected 3 weeks after streptozotocin treatment based on blood glucose levels and body weights. Changes to the body weights, blood glucose levels, serum low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were observed, as well as changes on the pancreatic, hepatic and kidney malondialdehyde (MDA) contents for lipid peroxidation and glutathione contents for antioxidant effects. The results were compared with a potent antioxidant silymarin 100 mg/kg, of which the effects on streptozotocin-induced diabetes and related complications are already confirmed. Results : Significant decrease of blood glucose levels, serum LDL, total cholesterol, triglyceride levels, pancreatic, hepatic and renal MDA contents and significant increase of body weights, serum HDL levels, pancreatic, hepatic and renal GSH contents were detected in HRGHT extracts 100 and 200 mg/kg administered groups as compared to the streptozotocin control group. The lowest dosage of HRGHT treated group, 50 mg/kg, did not show any favorable effects as compared with the streptozotocin control. Conclusions : HRGHT has favorable effects on diabetes and related hyperlipidemia. Therefore, more detailed mechanism studies should be conduced in future with efficacy tests of individual herbal compositions of HRGHT and screening of the biological active compounds in the herbs.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.980-986
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• 1998

The effects of mungbean sprout juice on cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity in rats were investigated. Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 90g were divided into 4 groups and raised for 6 weeks. ; control group(CON), mungbean sprouts juice-administered group(MSJ), cadmium-administered group(CAD) fed water containing 40 ppm cadmium chloride and mung bean sprouts juice and cadmium-administered group(MCD). The diet was supplied every day for the measurement of feed efficiency ratio(FER) and net weight gain was measured every 3 days. The activities of serum glutamic oxaloactic transaminase(GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT), superoxide dimutase(SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) in the liver and the hepatic contents of glutathione were examined. The contents of Cd in liver and kidney of the rats were determined by using ICP(Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrophotometer). Growth rate and FER were decreased in CAD group, compared with CON group but the changes were not significant in MCD group. The activities of serum GOT and GPT, SOD, catalase and GSH-Px in the liver were increased by Cd administration, but the alterations were decreased by supplementation with mungbean sprouts juice. The level of glutathione decreased in CAD group(26.8$\pm$9.0mg/g liver), whereas it increased in MCD group(36.4$\pm$15.8mg gliver). The content of Cd in the liver and kidney in MCD group(9.57 ppm, 4.88 ppm) was decreased, compared with CAD group(12.81 ppm, 5.46 ppm). This result suggested that mungbean sprout juice has a lowering effect on the accumulation of Cd in the liver and kidney and it is believed that the juice has some protective effects to Cd-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, but the mechanism of these effects was obscure.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.581-587
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• 1996

물쑥추출물이 에탄올에 의한 횐쥐의 간손상에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 정상군, 물쑥추출물 투여군, 에탄을 투여군 및 에탄올과 물쑥추출물 병합투여군으로 나누어 6주간 사육하여 식이 섭취량, 체중 및 간장의 무게, 혈청 중의 AST, ALT 및 ALP 활성, 간장 중의 TBA반응성 산물량, SOD, catalase, GSH-PX 및 xanthine oxidase의 활성 및 GSH의 함량에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다 : 1) 에탄올 섭취군이 정상군 보다 체중 및 식이 섭취량이 유의적으로 감소되었다. 2) 물쑥추출물은 에탄올 투여로 증가된 휜쥐의 혈청 중 AST ALT의 활성을 에탄올 투여군에 비하여 유의성있는 감소 효과를 나타냈다(p<0.05). 또한 물쑥추출물은 증가된 간 TBA-반응성 물질 함량을 유의성있게 감소시켰다(p<0.05). 3) 물쑥추출물은 유리기 생성계의 효소인 xanthine oxidase 활성을 에탄올 투여군에 비하여 약 25% 정도 현저하게 감소시켰다(p<0.05). 그러나 유리기 해독계 요소인 SOD, catalase 및 GSH-PX 활성에 대해서는 약간의 변화는 있었으나 유의한 변화를 나타내지 않았다. 4) 물쑥추출물은 에탄을 투여로 감소된 간 GSH함량을 에탄올 투여군에 비하여 유의하게 증가시켰다. 이상의 실험 결과와 문헌상의 지견을 종합하여 볼 때 에탄올 투여로 증가된 간 지질과산화물 생성계 효소인 xanthine oxidase활성억제와 비효소적 항산화작용을 나타내는 GSH 함량을 증가시킴으로서 산화물에 대한 방어력이 증강되어 나타난 결과로 여겨지며, 또한 혈청 중의 AST, ALT및 ALP효소 활성을 유의성있게 감소시켰음은 물쑥추출물이 에탄올에 의한 간세포손상에 대한 방지 작용이 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.286-298
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• 1993

In order to investigate the effect of selenium (Se) on the liver damage, metallothionein synthesis and hepatic antioxidative detoxification system in cadmium(Cd) administered rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats(60\\5g) were divided into two diet groups, depending on with (CdS groups) or without (Cd groups) 0.5ppm Se supplementation and fed experimental diets ad libidum for 4 weeks. And then each group was again subdivided into five groups, depending on injection number of Cd, i.e., 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 times of 2.5mg Cd/kg of body wt once a day. Hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit values, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activite were decreased progressively with increasing number of Cd injection, but increased by the supplementation of Se. The reduced form of glutathione (GSH) contents in blood and liver and vitamin E content were decreased and oxidized form (GSSG) increased in Cd groups, but these of Se supplemented groups were not very different from controls. Cd reduced liver vitamin E content which was not restored by Se supplementation. Liver lipid peroxide values were elevated with increasing doses of Cd, but Se supplementation reduced these elevated levels. Accumulation of metallothionein in liver and kidney was increased with increasing number of Cd injection, but Se did not affect on them. Histological examination revealed that lysosomes were significantly increased and mitochondria and Golgi apparatus were enlarged by Cd, however, these changes were reduced by Se. It was concluded that Se administration promoted antioxidative detoxification and alleviated peroxidative damage in rat liver by Cd.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.412-417
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• 1993

녹각이 동양의학에서 보혈강장제라는 사실에 근거하여 생체내 물질대사에 중요한 역할을 하는 간장의 장해시 효소활성 변동에 미치는 녹각의 효능을 구명할 목적의 일환으로 간독성 물질인 benzo(a)pyrene으로 간장해를 유도한 후 각각의 녹각추출물을 급여함으로써 간해독 과정에 관여하는 효소의 활성을 생화학적 측면에서 비교하였다. 각각의 녹각추출물 급여로 인한 체중증가량, 식이섭취량 및 식이효율은 녹각추출물 군간의 유의성은 나타나지 않았으나, Control군에 비하여 유의적인 증가를 보였고 B(a)P 투여군에서도 Cont-B군에 비하여 녹각추출물 급여군에서 유의적인 증가를 나타내었다. 체중 100g당 장기무게는 간장의 경우 benzo (a)pyrene 투여로 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 비장과 신장 및 심장에는 별다른 차이가 없었다. 녹각추출물 급여로 4주간 사육한 흰쥐에서 간해독계 효소중 cytochrome P-450의 함량은 Control 군에 비하여 ben-zo(a)pyrene 투여로 유의적인 감소를 보였으며, 녹각추출물과 benzo(a)pyrene을 병행 투여한 실험군 중 Water-B군이 정상군에 가깝게 증가되었다. 간조직 중의 glutathione함량은 Water군과 Neutral군에서 증가를 보였으나 benzo(a)pyrene 투여로 감소하였다. 또한 간조직 중의 glutathione peroxidase 활성은 녹각추출물 급여에 따른 영향은 없었으며, benzo(a)pyrene 투여로 감소된 활성이 water-B군에서 정상군에 가까운 증가를 나타내었다. 간조직 중의 과산화지질 함량은 Water-B군에서 그 감소 정도가 가장 현저하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 녹각추출물 중의 water-ext.와 neutral-ext.에 함유되어 있는 유효성분이 간장의 해독기구 효소활성을 유도하고, benzo(a)pyrene의 대사를 촉진시키므로 간손상을 억제할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 고지방식이로 비만을 유도한 마우스를 이용하여 비지 (SCR)와 Monascus pilosus로 발효비지의 항비만 및 항산화 효능을 조사하였다. 마우스는 비지와 발효비지를 2% (wt/wt)가 되도록 고지방식이에 첨가하여 8주간 사육하였다. 비지 및 발효비지 투여군은 고지방식이 대조군과 비교할 때 모두 유의한 수준의 체중 감량, 체중 증가율, 부고환주변의 지방 함량이 낮았다. 8주째의 초기체중에 대한 체중증가율은 정상식이군 19.54%, 고지방식이군 45.40%, 비지군 33.39% 그리고 발효비지군 31.42%로 발효비지군에서 가장 낮았다. 또한 혈청의 triglyceride, 총 콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤 함량 그리고 간 조직의 trigrlyceride 함량도 고지방식이로 증가된 수준에서 크게 줄어들었다. 한편 비지와 발효비지의 급여는 glutathione 함량을 높이고, 지질의 과산화, 혈청의 aminotransferase 및 xanthine oxidase의 활성을 낮추는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase의 활성은 비지 및 발효비지군 모두에서 고지방식이군에 비하여 높았다. 마지막으로, 비지군과 비교할 때 발효비지군은 고지방식이로 비만을 유도한 마우스에서 비정상적인 비만 관련 생화학적 지표들을 좀 더 효과적으로 정상식이군의 지표들로 회복시켜주는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과, 고지방 식이로 인한 체중 증가와 복부지방의 축적 및 고지혈증과 간 조직의 지방 축적현상이 M. pilosus로 발효시킨 비지의 2% 식이로 항비만 효과와 동시에 혈액 및 간 조직 지방의 함량을 저하시켜 고지혈증으로 인해 야기될 수 있는 심혈관계 질환을 예방할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 또한 활성산소 생성계의 활성 억제와 활성산소 소거계 활성 증가를 유도함으로서 비만 상태에서 나타날 수 있는 과잉의 활성산소에 의한 간 조직 손상을 예방 혹은 경감시켜줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.51-61
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• 1993

This study was designed to investigate the effect of dietary level of $\beta$-carotene on level of antioxidant nutrients of rat tissues. Male Sprague Dawley rats at the age of 30days were fed on diets containing different levels of $\beta$-carotene(0, 10, 120, 1200, 12000mg per kg diet). Body weight gain of rats fed with 12000mg $\beta$-carotene diet was significantly decreased, but liver and heart weights were not significantly different among groups, The content of total glutathione tended to decrease significantly in 12000mg $\beta$-carotene diet group when compared to $\beta$-carotene restriction group(BC O). However, total vitamin C content of liver showed the tendency to increase by $\beta$ -carotene supply up to 1200mg. But this tendency was not found in plasma, The content of zinc in liver and plasma was significantly decreased by $\beta$-carotene restriction. Alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher in 12000mg diet group. In case of $\beta$-carotene restriction group, fibroblasts were proliferated in portal endothelium, and the vacuolar size was enlarged more than the nuclear, In 12000mg diet group, hepatic vacuoles were extended, but their size was regular and the lysis of hepatocytes was observed. Also, fibroblasts were proliferated in portal endothelium and the regular vacuolar size was extended.