• Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare diseases
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type III, or Sanfilippo syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder. It is caused by a deficiency of one of four enzymes involved in the degradation of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) heparan sulfate. The resultant cellular accumulation of heparan sulfate causes various clinical manifestations. MPS III is divided into four subtypes depending on the deficient enzyme: MPS IIIA, MPS IIIB, MPS IIIC and MPS IIID. All the subtypes show similar clinical features and are characterized by progressive degeneration of the central nervous system (CNS). Main purpose of the treatment for MPS III is to prevent neurologic deterioration. However, conventional enzyme replacement therapy has a limitation due to inability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Several experimental treatment options for MPS III are being developed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2001

A simple method for studying the lectin-like interactions between Helicobacter pylori and cultured human epithelial cell lines was developed using an enzyme-linked, biotin-streptavidin bacterial-adhesion assay. The present study suggests that this method is suitable for evaluating the participation of lectin interactions in the adhesion of H. pylori to cultured HeLa S3 and Kato III cells, both fixed and glycosidase-treated cells, as well as assessing glycoconjugated binding inhibition studies. The time-course and dose-dependent kinetics of the biotin-labeled H. pylori adhesion th the formaldehyde-fixed Hela S3 and Kato III cell lines exhibited saturation. In addition, the binding of the biotin-labeled H. pylori to the formaldehyde-fixed cultured cells was partially blocked by pre-incubation with glycoconjugates and polyclonal antibodies against a heparan sulfate binding protein from H. pylori.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.211.2-211.2
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• 2003

Glycosaminolycans (GAGs). such as heparin and heparan sulfate, are highly charged molecules and are of great biological importance. Protein-GAGs interactions play prominent roles in cell-cell recognition and cell growth. Acharan sulfate (AS), isolated from the giant African snail Achatina fulica, is a novel member of glycosaminoglycan families. It showed antitumor activity by the inhibition of angiogenesis. (omitted)

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권11호
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• pp.1640-1646
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• 2010

남해안에서 주로 여름철에 어획하여 부산 및 경남 지역을 위주로 소비하고 있는 군소에서 다당류 추출을 위한 최적 조건을 검토하였다. 군소 다당류 추출을 위한 단백질 가수분해 효소로는 Flavourzyme 500 MG가 가장 효과적이었고, 추출한 다당류의 회수를 위한 가장 효율적인 추출물의 농도와 ethanol 첨가량은 각각 Brix 60과 5배량이었다. DEAE-Sepharose 칼럼 크로마토그래피로 얻은 크로마토그램상의 전기전도도와 전기영동 이동도에 근거하여 0.5~0.75 M NaCl 상에서 용출되는 물질이 GAG임을 확인하였으며, heparan sulfate인 것으로 추정하였다. 다당추출물과 정제 GAG의 uronic acid 함량은 각각 1.0 g/100 g과 6.0 g/100 g이었고, GAG를 구성하는 성분으로 지표물질인 hexosamine의 함량은 당 추출물과 정제물에서 각각 5.6 g/100 g과 25.7 g/100g이었다. 정제물은 agarose 겔 전기영동 상에서 heparan sulfate로 추정되었으며, 분자량은 겔 크로마토그래피에서 29.6 kDa으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.271-281
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• 2004

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is malignant tumor in salivary gland, and its behavior is very invasive. Of all malignant tumor adenoid cystic carcinoma is occured in frequency of 4.4% in major salivary gland, and 1.29% in minor salivary gland. Histopathologically, adenoid cystic carcinoma is characterized by a cribriform appearance, and tubular form and solid nest type tumor can be seen. The tumor cell structure composed of modified myoepithelial cell, and basaloid cell. Extracellular matrix of this tumor cell contains variable ground substance with basement membrane component. Basement membrane matrix composed of collagen fibers, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and its function is well known that it participate in differentiation, proliferation, and growth of tumor cell. Basement membrane molecule is essential for invasion of peripheral nerve, blood vessel, skeletal muscle in tumor cell of adenoid cystic carcinoma. In many studies, the tumor cell of adenoid cystic carcinoma containing modified myoepithelial cell participate in synthesis of proteoglycan. In this study, tissue sample of adenoid cystic carcinoma of human salivary gland were obtained from 15 surgical specimen, and all specimen were routinely fixed in 10% formalin and embedded. Serial $4-{\mu}m$ thick sections were cut from paraffin blocks. the histopathologic evaluation was done with light microscopy. And, the immunohistochemical staining, characteristics of glycosaminoglycan were observed. For biochemical analysis of glycosaminoglycan, isolation of crude glycosaminoglycan from tumor tissue and Western bolt analysis were carried out. With transmission electomicroscopy, tumor cell were observed. Biologic behavior of adenoid cystic carcinoma was observed with distribution and expression of basement membrane of glycosaminoglycan in tumor cells, The results obtained were as follows: 1. In immunohistochemical study, chondroitin sulfate is postively stained in tumor cell and interstitial space, dermatan sulfate is weakly stained in ductal cell. But keratan sulfate is negatively stained. 2. In immunohistochemical study, heparan sulfate is strong positive stained in tumor cell and basement membrane, especially in invasion area to peripheral nerve tissue. 3. In transmission electromicroscpic view, the tumor cells are composed modifed myoepithelial cells, and contains many microvilli and rough endoplasmic reticulum. 4. In Western blot analysis, the expression of glycosaminoglycan is expressed mostly in heparan sulfate. From the results obtained in this study, tumor cell of adenoid cystic carcinoma is composed modified myoepithelial cell, and glycosaminoglycan of basement membrane molecule of heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate mostly participate in the development and invasiveness of adenoid cystic carcinoma by immunohistochemical study and western blot analysis.

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 2000년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
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• pp.281.2-281
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• 2000

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.1120-1126
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• 2013

The syndecan family consists of four transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans present in most cell types and each syndecan shares a common structure containing a heparan sulfate modified extracellular domain, a single transmembrane domain and a C-terminal cytoplasmic domain. To get a better understanding of the mechanism and function of syndecan-4 which is one of the syndecan family, it is crucial to investigate its three-dimensional structure. Unfortunately, it is difficult to prepare the peptide because it is membrane-bound protein that transverses the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. Here, we optimize the expression, purification, and characterization of transmembrane, cytoplasmic and short extracellular domains of syndecan4 (syndecan-4 eTC). Syndecan-4 eTC was successfully obtained with high purity and yield from the M9 medium. The structural information of syndecan-4 eTC was investigated by MALDI-TOF mass (MS) spectrometry, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. It was confirmed that syndecan-4 eTC had an ${\alpha}$-helical multimeric structure like transmembrane domain of syndecan-4 (syndecan-4 TM) in membrane environments.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign tumor in salivary glands, and occurred in frequency of 60% in parotid gland tumors, and 50% in submandibular gland tumors, and 25% in sublingual gland tumors. Histopathologically, pleomorphic adenoma is composed of epithelial cells and mesenchymal tissues, and called 'mixed tumor' because of morphological divergency. The cell structures of luminal area are composed of polyhedral and cuboidal secretory epithelial cells and modified myoepithelial cells around it, and mesenchymal tissue is composed of some myoepithelial cells and stromal tissue. In stromal tissue, myxoid change, chondroid change, or hyalinization can be seen even if bone tissue. In many studies, tumor cells of pleomorphic adenoma containing modified myoepithelial cell participate in synthesis of glycosaminoglycans. In this study, tissue sample of pleomorphic adenoma of human salivary gland were obtained from 20 surgical specimens, and all specimens were routinely fixed in 10% formalin and embedded. Serial 4-8${\mu}m$ thick sections were cut from paraffin blocks. The histopathologic evaluation was done with light microscopy. And, with immunohistochemical staining, characteristics of glycosaminoglycan were observed. And, for biochemical analysis of glycosaminoglycan, isolation of crude glycosaminoglycan from tumor tissue and immuno-blot analysis were carried out. With transmission electromicroscopy, tumor cells and biologic behavior of pleomorphic adenoma were observed with distribution and expression of glycosaminoglycan in tumor cells, The results were obtained as follows: 1. In immunohistochemical study, chondroitin 4-sulfate is highly postively stained in myxoid stromal tissue, and chondroitin 6-sulfate is highly positively stained in chondroid mesenchymal tissue, both glycosaminoglycans are positively stained in non-luminal cell of ductal area. 2. Dermatan sulfate and keratan sulfate is positively stained in periductal non-luminal tumor cells. 3. In immunohistochemical study, heparan sulfate is weakly stained in luminal cells and non-luminal cells around duct, and chondroid mesenchymal tissue. 4. In transmission electromicroscopic view, the tumor cells are composed of modified myoepithelial cells, and contain many microfilaments and well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum. 5. In Immuno-Blot analysis, the expression of glycosaminoglycans is expressed mostly in chondroitin 6-sulfate and chondroitin 4-sulfate. From the results obtained in this study, tumor cells of pleomorphic adenoma are composed of modified myoepithelial cells, and glycosaminoglycans of chondroitin 4-sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate mostly participate in the development of pleomorphic adenoma, but dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate and heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans were expressed variably.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.889-894
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• 2002

Acharan sulfate (AS) is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) prepared from the giant African snail, Achatina fulica. In this study, some biological activities of AS were evaluated on the basis of structural similarities to heparin/heparan sulfate and the biological functions of GAGs. We demonstrated that it exhibited strong immunostimulating activities as measured by carbon clearance test in mice and in vivo phagocytosis. It also exhibited a significant hypoglycemic activity in epinephrine (EP)-induced hyperglycemia as well as antifatigue effects by weight-loaded forced swimming test. And it showed hypolipidemic activities in cholesterol-rich mixture induced hyperlipidemia in rats. The above results indicate that AS has diverse biological activities and suggest therapeutically important target molecules.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

목 적 : 미세변화신증후군은 소아의 원발성 신증후군의 주요 원인질환이다. 미세변화증후군의 정확한 병인기전은 아직까지 알려져 있지 않으나, 최근 $TNF-{\alpha}$가 이 질환의 병인기전과 관련된다는 보고가 있었다. 이에 저자들은 환아의 혈청과 요에서 $TNF-{\alpha}$의 변화를 살펴보고, $TNF-{\alpha}$가 이 질환의 표적세포인 토리 상피세포에 미치는 직접적인 영향을 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 2-15세의 미세변화신증후군 환아에게서 혈청과 요에서 $TNF-{\alpha}$치를 측정하였고, 토리 상피세포로 도포된 Millicell system을 사용하여 $TNF-{\alpha}$가 토리 상피세포에 의하여 형성되는 투과성에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 또한 $TNF-{\alpha}$가 토리 상피세포에서 생성되어 토리 기저막의 투과성을 결정하는 물질인 heparan sulfate proteoglycan의 유전자 발현과 생성에 미치는 영향을 측정하였다. 결 과 : 미세변화신증후군의 재발시 요중 $TNF-{\alpha}$치 (ng/mg cr)는 $364.4{\pm}51.2$로서 관해와 대조군의 $155.3{\pm}20.8$과 $36.0{\pm}4.5$에 비하여 유의하게 증가되어 있었다 (P<0.05). 그러나 $TNF-{\alpha}$가 토리 상피세포의 투과성 검사와 토리 상피세포의 heparan sulfate proteoglycan의 유전자 발현과 생성에 아무런 영향을 미치지 않았다. 결 론 : $TNF-{\alpha}$는 토리 상피세포에 직접적인 영향을 미치지 않으므로 미세변화신증후군에서의 요중 $TNF-{\alpha}$치의 증가는 질병으로 인한 이차적인 변화일 것으로 생각된다.