• Journal of IKEEE
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.90-96
• /
• 2024

In this paper, we propose an automated system. It utilizes a Raspberry Pi camera and a function generator to analyze luminance in an image. Then, it applies voltage based on this analysis to control light transmission through coloring smart windows. The existing luminance meters used to measure luminance are expensive and require unnecessary movement from the user, making them difficult to use in real life. However, after taking a photography, luminance analysis in the image using the Python Open Source Computer Vision Library (OpenCV) is inexpensive and portable, so it can be easily applied in real life. This system was used in an environment where smart windows were applied to detect the luminance of windows. Based on the brightness of the image, the coloring of the smart window is adjusted to reduce the brightness of the window, allowing occupants to create a comfortable viewing environment.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.526-537
• /
• 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of aqueous and 60% ethanol extracts of Allium ochotense Prokh. against alcohol-induced cytotoxicity as well as on the activities of alcohol-metabolic enzymes. Antioxidant effects of the extracts were analyzed using 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazl, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and malondialdehyde assays, and found that both extracts exhibited considerable antioxidant activities. Additionally, both extracts showed synergistic effects on the activities of alcohol-metabolic enzymes, such as alcohol dehydrogenase, but not on the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase. In addition, 2'-7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays revealed that aqueous and 60% ethanol extracts reduced oxidative stress and increased cell viability. Moreover, both extracts regulated the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, namely B-cell lymphoma (BCl-2), BCl-2 associated X (BAX), and pro-caspase-3, in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, aqueous and 60% ethanol extracts of A. ochotense Prokh. might be valuable functional materials derived from natural resources for the prevention of ethanol-induced cytotoxicity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.82 no.5
• /
• pp.1218-1230
• /
• 2021

Purpose To compare the per-patient diagnostic performance of simulated abbreviated MRI (AMRI) to that of conventional MRI (CMRI) with full-sequence dynamic gadoxetic acid (GA) enhancement for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) screening in high-risk patients. Materials and Methods A total of 201 consecutive patients at high-risk for HCC, who underwent 3T liver MRI, were included in this retrospective study. The AMRI protocol comprised T2-weighted imaging, hepatobiliary phase imaging after GA injection, and diffusion-weighted imaging. For each patient, two AMRI and CMRI image sets were independently reviewed by two radiologists. Inter-reader agreement was assessed using Cohen's kappa value. A composite reference standard was used to determine the diagnostic performance of each image set for each reader. Results A total of 93 HCCs were detected in 79 patients. The inter-reader agreement was almost perfect for both image sets (κ = 0.839, 0.948). In AMRI, the per-patient sensitivity and negative predictive values (NPV) were 94.9% and 96.4%, respectively. In CMRI, the per-patient sensitivity and NPV were 96.2% and 97.5%, respectively. Conclusion AMRI, using only three sequences, had a comparable diagnostic performance to CMRI in screening early-stage HCC. AMRI could be an alternative HCC screening tool for high-risk HCC patients.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.27 no.9
• /
• pp.832-847
• /
• 2007

The purpose of the study was to analyze and interpret parent-child dyadic discourses in depth with emphases on the ZPD system in a museum, an informal learning setting. Second graders and their parents from Seoul and its environs were voluntarily participated in the study. Data were collected from the museum documents, the photos of exhibits, and the video recordings of dyadic discourses at and between exhibits. The documents and the photos were analyzed to investigate what the topics, medium and goals of the exhibits were. The video recordings were all transcribed and analyzed to understand what and how they talked to each other through the lens of the ZPD system; situation definition, intersubjectivity, and semiotic mediation, The results of the study consisted of two parts. First, it showed that parent-child dyadic discourses were categorized in four: (1) within the actual developmental level; (2) in the zone of proximal development; (3) toward the potential developmental level; and (4) out of developmental level. The most common categories were the dyadic discourses within the actual developmental level and in the zone of proxima I development. Second, the representative cases in each categories were described and interpreted to understand the nature of parent-child dyadic discourses. It can be concluded that we gained some important understandings of an intrinsic attribute of parent-child discourses in a museum, an informal learning setting. Based on the results of the study, it can be suggested that museums make efforts to cultivate the affordance of exhibit environment to promote visitor's learning.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.59 no.1
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2014

The cultivation situation of Korean wheat of 175 farmers in nationwide for two years, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012, was analyzed to obtain basic data for extension cultivated area and enhancing the self-sufficiency ratio of Korean wheat. Compared to the mean temperature and precipitation in the normal year, the mean temperature was lower before the heading stage and higher amount of precipitation after the heading stage in 2010/2011 and higher the mean temperature and lower amount of precipitation after the heading stage in 2011/2012. Average cultivation career and area were 7.7years and 2.4~3.3ha, Keumkang cv. was mainly cultivated for two years and Jokyung and Baekjoong cvs. were increased cultivation areas in southern part of Korea, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jeolllanambuk-do and Kwangju metropolitan city, including in 2011/2012. Most farmers (144) sown wheat seeds from late October to the beginning November with broadcasting method and the other famers were sown using the drill method. Average amount for basal fertilizer was 29.7 kg/10a with complex fertilizer mixed for wheat and barley cultivation, which was higher amount compared to recommended rate of fertilizer amount by rural development administration. Top dressing using nitrogen fertilizer was applied from in the late February to the beginning March. Heading date was the beginning May in 2011 and the late April in 2012, which the mean temperature from regeneration stage to tillering stage in 2011 was higher than that of 2012. Most farmers harvested wheat in mid-June and Pre-harvest sprouting and Fusarium head blight were occurred in 2011 due to the high amount precipitation during grain filling period.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.279-286
• /
• 2013

BACKGROUND: Soil incorporation of green manure crop(GMC) is one of the methods for reducing continuous cropping injury and increasing yield of carrot. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of green manure crops on growth and yield of carrot for reduction of continuous cropping injury of carrot through crop rotation. METHODS AND RESULTS: To reduce the injury by continuous cropping system(CCS) of carrot cultivation, GMCs such as crotalaria and sudangrass were applied, which GMC was sowed in latter-June and returned to soil in latter-October. Nutrient contributions of N, $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$, CaO, and MgO in crotalaria were 8.3, 7.5, 4.4, 7.8, and 2.1 kg/10a, respectively. Nutrient contributions of N, $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$, CaO, and MgO in sudangrass were 8.4, 8.6, 26.8, 0.3, and 2.7 kg/10a, respectively. After incorporation of GMCs into soil, bulk density in soil with GMCs was lower than that in soil without GMCs(control). In soil after incorporation of GMCs, pH was not different in all treatment conditions, and ranged from 6.37~6.64. EC in soil after incorporation of GMCs was lower than that in soil without GMCs. The OM, T-N, and avail. $P_2O_5$ contents in soil with GMCs were higher than those in soil without GMCs. The growth and yields were increased as 39.2%(6,226 kg/10a) in the rotational cropping system(RCS) as compared to continuous cropping system(control and without NPK) of 4,473 kg/10a. Crotalaria cultivation were the most effective crop for reducing the injury of continuous cropping of carrot. CONCLUSION(S): This study suggest that the RCS using GMCs showed lower disease outbreak density in soil for carrot cultivation as compared to CCS without GMCs. Especially, the GMCs good effect for reduction of continuous cropping injury of carrot.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.131-140
• /
• 2000

Compostable household wastes(mainly food residues) were composted in a small bin for 30 days, in which compostable household wastes were fed every day and mixed thoroughly under aerobic conditions. Three small bins were employed. In the first bin only recycled compost was composted, in the second, compostable household wastes with recycled compost, and in the third compostable household wastes with recycled compost and vermiculture. The correct decomposition rate of each composting material was calculated during composting. Total reduced rate of the weight after 30 days was 57.32% when composting the compostable household wastes with recycled compost, and 64.71% when composting them with recycled compost and vermiculite. In the case of composting the compostable household wastes with the recycled compost, the total weight reduction rate for a day was 6.81% and the total decomposition rate 6.81%. Their difference was not great. But in the case calculated with only compostable household wastes the total weight reduction rate was 56.34% and the decomposition 6.79%. When compostable household wastes were composted with the recycled compost and vermiculite, the total weight reduction rate was 64.99% and the decomposition rate 1.48%, but the total weight reduction 4.36% and the decomposition rate 35.46% when calculated with only compostable household wastes. MgO, $K_2O$ and Cr concentrations in the composting mixture during the early composting time were higher when composted with vermiculite than without it, but organic matter, CaO, NaCl, and $P_2O_5$ concentrations were contrarily diluted because of their lower concentration of vermiculite when compostable household wastes were composted with vermiculite.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 2013

BACKGROUND: Eutrophication occurs occasionally in reservoirs around lake in summer and early autumn. Lakeside macrophyte which is one of internal pollutants effects on water quality when it is submerged during rainy season. To improve water quality of water supply source in Boknae reservoir around Juam lake, characteristics of nutrient(N, P) uptake and release by submerged plants were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: In order to establish the management plan of submerged plants in Boknae reservoir around Juam lake, water level, rainfall, flooding and non-flooding areas, biomass of dominant plants, contents of nitrogen and phosphorus were investigated during 7 months(August, 2010 through February, 2011). Dominant plants were Miscanthus sacchariflorus(MISSA) and Carex dimorpholepis(CRXDM) in Boknae reservoir. Total plant area of Boknae reservoir in August, 2010 was 987,872 $m^2$. In Boknae reservoir, flooding occurred from August until February caused by rainfall during rainy season. The total amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus uptakes by MISSA were 247 and 22 kg/total reservoir area, respectively. By CRXDM, the total amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus uptakes were 11,340 and 1,231 kg/total reservoir area, respectively. The total amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus residues by MISSA were 34 and 11 kg/total reservoir area, respectively. By CRXDM, the total amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus residues were 491 and 68 kg/total reservoir area, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): Total amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus releases in Boknae reservoir were 12,212 and 1,324 kg/total reservoir area, respectively. The results demonstrate that total nitrogen and total phosphorus in water were strongly influenced by submerged plants. Therefore, management plan for submerged plants during rainy season will be needed to improve water quality of water supply source in Boknae reservoir around Juam lake.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.217-224
• /
• 2008

To obtain optimum configuration, depth and load of constructed wetlands(CWs) for treating of hydroponic waste solution(HWS) which was produced in greenhouses, the study was conducted with 4 kinds of combined systems such as Vertical flow(VF)-Horizontal flow(HF), VF-VF, HF-VF and HF-HF CWs. In four configurations of CWs, the treatment efficiency of pollutants from HWS under depth of HF and VF beds, HWS loading and HWSs were investigated. Removal rate of pollutants under different depth of VF and HF in 2-stage hybrid CWs was in the order of 50 cm < 70 cm regardless of CWs configuration. Removal rate of pollutants under HWS loading in 2-stage hybrid CWs was in the order of $150L\;m^{-2}\;day^{-1}{\fallingdotseq}300L\;m^{-2}\;day^{-1}\;>\;450L\;m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$. The optimum depth and HWS loading were 70 cm and $300L\;m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$ in four configurations of CWs, respectively. Using this optimum condition, for various HWSs (cucumber, paprika and strawberry HWS), removal rate of pollutants in HF-HF CWs was higher than that in HF-VF CWs. Optimum configuration of 2-stage hybrid CWs for treating hydroponic waste solution in greenhouses was found out to be HF-HF CWs. Therefore, under the optimum conditions, removal rate of BOD, COD, SS, T-N and T-P in HF-HF CWs were 84, 81, 84, 51 and 93%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.649-656
• /
• 2012

To obtain the basic information for agricultural utilization of germanium (Ge), the growth characteristics and Ge absorption in rice plant were investigated under different Ge concentrations by foliar spray application. The Ge concentrations were treated with 0 (control), 10, 20, 40 and $80mg\;L^{-1}$ in pot (1 5000$^{-1}$ a), respectively. The Ge absorption rate in rice by foliar spray application with $80mg\;L^{-1}$ in pot was higher in the order of leaf (5.75%) > stem (4.52%) > root (<0.01%). By foliar spray application, the Ge content in rice was higher in the order of $80mg\;L^{-1}$ > $40mg\;L^{-1}$ > $20mg\;L^{-1}$ > $10mg\;L^{-1}$. When rice was treated with $80mg\;L^{-1}$ of Ge, the Ge content in rice grain was higher in the order of rice bran ($0.21mg\;pot^{-1}$) $\gg$ brown rice ($0.04mg\;pot^{-1}$) ${\geq}$ polished rice ($0.03mg\;pot^{-1}$). By foliar spray application, the Ge uptake in rice bran was higher than that in other parts. Therefore, optimum Ge concentration by foliar spray application was $80mg\;L^{-1}$ in pot based on the results from the Ge treatments.