• Applied Microscopy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.77-89
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• 1990

The ultrastructures of the hemal node and the hemolymph node in the Korean native goat were observed by transmission and scanning elelctron microscopies for their morphological features. The sinus of hemal node was lined by endothelial-like reticular cells that had an euchromatin-rich nucleus and many cytoplasmic processes by which reticular fibers were surrounded. In the hemolymph node, the mast cell and the plasma cell were closely contact each other by the cytoplasmic process. The hemal node had venous sinusal-like vessels which were different from the deep sinus, and the hemolymph node had lymph capillaries. The lymph vessels with valves were observed in the capsule of the hemolymph node.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.463-469
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• 1997

This study was performed to investigate the gross anatomical features and microscopical structures of the hemal nodes and the hemolymph nodes in the water deer (Hydropotes inermis) found in Kangwon-do, Korea. The hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes were observed mainly in the periphery of the thoracic and abdominal aortae of the animals. The size of hemal nodes was generally smaller than that of the hemolymph nodes, and the shape of the both organs was spherical or ovoid. The color of the hemal nodes was red or black while that of the hemolymph nodes was gray with red bands. The hemal nodes were surrounded by a thin connective tissue capsule and there were extensive subcapsular and deep sinuses distended by a great number of erythrocytes. Although a few number of lymphatic nodules and small areas of diffuse lymphatic tissues were observed in the parenchyma, no typical cortex and medulla were defined in the hemal node. Small numbers of blood vessels were found at the connective tissue capsule but lymph vessel was not observed microscopically in this organ. The hemolymph nodes were covered by a relatively thick connective tissue capsule and there was a hilus in each node. The parenchyma was divided into cortex and medulla. The cortex was composed of a few numbers of lymphatic nodules and some diffuse lymphatic tissues. The medulla comprised medullary sinus and cords. Afferent and efferent lymph vessels were observed at the periphery of the capsule and the hilus, respectively. The subcapsular and medullary sinuses were not extensive but filled with small numbers of erythrocytes. The stroma of hemal node and hemolymph node was composed of reticular cells and fibers, and the capsule and trabecula consisted of collagenous fibers with smooth muscle fibers.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.81-85
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• 2023

This case report is about hemolymph nodes found in a dairy cow whose function is still not fully elucidated. A 4-month Holstein cow presented severe respiratory symptoms and hematochezia for a while with respiratory acidosis and metabolic alkalosis. Coccidiosis was diagnosed and treated immediately, but the cow died from respiratory acidosis and metabolic alkalosis. At necropsy, no abnormal appearance in thoracic and peritoneal organs was observed, but hemolymph nodes were observed being multifocally stuck on omasum serosa and the subcutaneous fascia of abdominal region, and the larger dark red lymph nodes were found along the omasum great curvature. Microscopically, lymphoid depletion and lymphadenitis in the lymph nodes were examined to point systemic infection, and in the hemolymph node, multifocally demarcated pale lesions with macrophage infiltration and fibrin deposition nearby subcapsular sinus. In subcapsular sinus of the hemolymph node, rod to linear gram-negative bacteria were found. Through this study, we might conclude that the hemolymph node is involved in pathogen phagocytosis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.855-864
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• 1999

Hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes are lymphoid organs that share morphologic and functional characteristics of lymph nodes and spleens. The aim of the present study was to obtain new informations on the distinct morphological structures of hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes according to ages, and to get the basic data for their functions in Korean native goats. Goats were divided into 5 groups, consisting of 3 animals aged 1, 3, 6, 10 and 12 months, respectively. Ultrastructural features of the organs were observed by transmission and scanning electron microscopes. The sinuses of hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes were lined by endothelial-like reticular cells which had euchromatin-rich nuclei and many cytoplasmic processes, surrounding collagen fibrils. Macrophages containing phagocytosed erythrocytes were often noted in the diffuse lymphatic tissues of hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes. Some mast cells were in contact with the plasma cells near the blood vessel. Hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes had venous sinusal-like vessels which were different from the deep sinus. The lymph vessels with valves were observed in the capsule of the hemolymph node. There were no ultrastructural differences of the organs in the age different groups of the animals. These results suggest that hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes may take part in hemopoiesis, blood filtration and immune reaction in Korean native goats.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.727-734
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• 1997

Hemolymph nodes of the Korean native cattle were observed gross anatomically and light microscopically in this study. Hemolymph nodes of the Korean native cattle were found mainly at the periphery of the thoracic and abdominal aortae although there were some other parts to observe these small organs. These organs were small in size and spherical or ovoid in shape, and color of them was dark red or gray in common with red band. The hemolymph nodes were surrounded by a relatively thick connective tissue capsules composed of dense collagen fibers with many scattered smooth muscle fibers and there was a hilus in each node. The parenchyma was divided into an outer cortex and an inner medulla. A few primary and secondary lymph nodules were observed in the cortex and there were diffuse lymphatic tissues among them. The medullary cords consisted of diffuse lymphatic tissues were separated by the medullary sinuses which filled with erythrocytes. The afferent and efferent lymph vessels were observed at the periphery of the capsule and the hilus area, respectively. The stroma of the hemolymph nodes was composed of reticular cells and fibers, and the meshwork of the stroma was filled with many lymphocytes and erythrocytes, and a few macrophages and megakaryocytes etc. These findings suggest that the hemolymph node of the Korean native cattle is involved in blood filtration and immune reaction.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.287-292
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• 2001

It has been known that the hemolymph node is one of the lymphoid organs found normally in ruminants and some rodents, and this organ shares morphological and functional characteristics of lymph node and spleen. To clanify the rigorous definition of morphological structures and functions of the hemolymph node in Wistar Kyoto(WKY)rats, we examined these organs of WKY rats gross anatomically and light microscopically. The hemolymph nodes were normally found in the abdominal cavity and in the neck of WKY rats. This organ was surrounded by a thin connective tissue capsule and there was a hilus. The parenchyma comprised a cortex of lymphatic nodules and diffuse lymphatic tissues, and a medulla of diffuse lymphatic tissues arranged in cords. Afferent and efferent lymph vessels were observed but there was no extensive subcapsular and medullary sinuses. These sinuses were filled with erythrocytes. The stroma of hemolymph nodes was composed of reticular cells and fibers, and many lymphocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and megakaryocytes were supported by the reticular network. The above findings suggest that the hemolymph nodes of WKY rats may take part in blood formation, blood filtration and immune reaction.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.865-877
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• 1999

Hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes are lymphoid organs which share morphologic and functional characteristics of lymph nodes and spleens. Hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes are normally present in Korean native goats. Hemal nodes bad extensive subcapsular and deep sinuses distended by a great number of erythrocytes, and no typical cortex and medulla were observed. Blood vessels commonly occurred, but lymph vessel was not observed in the hemal node. Hemolymph nodes had distinct cortex and medulla, and also had afferent and efferent lymph vessels. The aim of the present study was to obtain new information on the distinct morphological structures of hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes according to ages, and have the basic data for their functions. Goats are divided into 5 groups, consisting of 3 animals aged 1, 3, 6, 10, and 12 months. The morphological studies of the organs were carried out by gross anatomy, light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. During aging, there was an increase in the size of the organs, while there were no significant changes of their numbers, locations and colors. As the goat got older, the lymphatic nodules of hemal nodes were more developed, and the number of macrophage containing phagocytosed erythrocytes was more increased. As the goat was younger, the lymphatic tissues of hemolymph nodes were less developed. There was no difference in distribution of T- and B- lymphocytes according to ages.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.671-675
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• 2000

It has been known that the hemolymph node is one of the lymphoid organs found normally in ruminants and some rodents, and this organ shares morphological and functional characteristics of lymph node and spleen. To clarify the rigorous definition of morphological structures and functions of the hemolymph node in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats, we examined these organs of SD rats gross anatomically and light microscopically. The hemolymph nodes were normally found in the abdominal cavity and in the neck of SD rats. This organ was surrounded by a thin connective tissue capsule and there was a hilus. The parenchyma comprised a cortex of lymphatic nodules and diffuse lymphatic tissues, and a medulla of diffuse lymphatic tissues arranged in cords. Afferent and efferent lymph vessels were observed but there was no extensive subcapsular and medullary sinuses. These sinuses were filled with erythrocytes. The stroma of hemolymph nodes was composed of reticular cells and fibers, and many lymphocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and megakaryocytes were supported by the reticular network. The above findings suggest that the hemolymph nodes of SD rats may take part in blood formation, blood filtration and immune reaction.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.281-285
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the gross anatomical features and microscopical structures of the hemal nodes and the hemolymph nodes in the sheep. The hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes were observed mainly in periphery of the thoracic and abdominal aortae of the animals. The size of hemal nodes was generally smaller than that of the hemolymph nodes, and the shape of the both organs was spherical or ovoid. The color of the hemal nodes was red, while that of the hemolymph nodes was grary with red bands. The hemal nodes were surrounded by a relatively thick connective tissue capsule and there were extensive subcapsular sinuses distended by a great number of erythrocytes. Although a few number of lymphatic nodules and small areas of diffuse lymphatic tissues were observed in the parenchyma, no typical cortex and medulla were defined in the hemal node. Small numbers of blood vessels were found at the connective tissue capsule but lymph vessel was not observed microscopically in this organ. The hemolymph nodes were covered by a relatively thick connective tissue capsule and there was a hilus in each node. The parenchyma was divided into cortex and medulla. The cortex was composed of a few numbers of lymphatic nodules and some diffuse lymphatic tissues. The medulla comprised medullary sinuses and cords. Afferent and efferent lymph vessels were observed at the periphery of the capsule adn the hilus, respectively. The subcapsular and medullary sinuses were not extensive but filled with small numbers of erythrocytes. The stroma of hemal node and hemolymph node was composed of reticular cells and fibers, and the capsule and trabecula consisted of collagenous fibers with smooth muscle fibers.