• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.95-101
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the variations in gait parameters according to arm swing use in post stroke hemiparesis. Methods : Sixteen patients participated in this study and walked at self-selected speeds on a Rs-scan systems. The were randomly assigned conditions: self-selected arm swing, constraint arm swing, emphasis arm swing. Results : In the comparison of parameters in each trial, both affected step length, non affected step length, affected stride length, non affected stride length, affected single support time, and non affected single support time were significantly increased and double support time was significantly decrease in emphasis arm swing when compared with both self-selected arm swing and constraint arm swing(p<.05). However, Asymmetrical ratio was significantly increased in both emphasis arm swing and self-selected arm swing when compared constraint arm swing(p<.05). Conclusion : Therefore, In this study, gait rehabilitation of patients with hemiplegia depending on what you need to apply the arm swing is considered.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.11-19
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• 2016

Background: In the stroke patients with the characteristics of hemiplegic gait, turning direction of the affected and unaffected side influences turning time. Therefore, it is important to investigate the walking response to turning directions in stroke patients. Objects: This study aimed to measure the walking time while turning direction in hemiplegic patients depending on balance ability measured by Berg Balance Scale. Methods: A group of forty-five subjects with stroke (Berg Balance Scale score${\geq}46$ were twenty-eight, Berg Balance Scale score${\leq}45$ were seventeen) were enrolled in this study. Subjects were asked to perform the Timed Up and Go test. Testing indications included two directions for turning in each subject. These indications were for turning toward the affected and unaffected side in stroke patients. The duration of total analysis duration, sit to stand phase, stand to sit phase, mid-turning phase, and end turning phase were recorded. The obtained data were analyzed by using paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test in the group that are below and above 45 points of Berg Balance Scale score. The significance level was set at ${\alpha}=.05$. Results: There were significant increase time in the analysis duration and end turning phase duration while subjects were turned the unaffected side in stroke patients that presented a Berg Balance Scale score${\leq}45$ (p<.05). However, the comparison between the affected side and the unaffected side in the stroke patients with Berg Balance Scale score${\geq}46$, revealed no significant differences of the measured parameters. Conclusion: This finding should be suggested in the specific definition of turning direction for evaluation with Timed Up and Go test in the Berg Balance Scale score${\leq}45$, and other intervention for hemiplegic patients need to be suggested the direction of turning during walking training program.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.6767-6773
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• 2014

The study examined the effects of trunk pattern exercise in proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) integrated transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the muscle activity and balance, walking speed in stroke patient. Thirty-one patients with hemiplegia due to stroke were assigned to either the experimental group (n=15) or control group (n=16). Both groups performed trunk pattern training in PNF for 3 times per week over a 6 week period for 20 minutes per session. The experimental group performed additional tDCS for 20 minutes. A comparison of the two groups after the intervention showed that the exercise program in experimental group had a more significant on the gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior and balance than the control group (p<.05). This showed that trunk pattern exercise in PNF integrated tDCS had a positive effect on the functional recovery of the lower extremity in stroke patients.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a pelvic compression belt on gait abilities and balance in subacute stroke patients. Methods: Twenty two patients with subacute were recruited and randomly assigned into two group: Two group offered conventional physical therapy and occupational therapy for five day. The group was composed of twelve patients. Participants in the experimental group were given the pelvic compression belt and conventional physical therapy, conventional occupational therapy, although conventional physical therapy and occupational therapy provided in the subjects in the control group. To assess the gait ability, the GAITRITE system was used and the Balance system SD was used to test balance. All measurements were performed before and after intervention. Results: The experimental group shows a significant improvement the cadence, velocity, step length and stride length in gait (p<.05) and show significant increase in the dynamic standing balance (p<.05). However, control group shows a significant improvement the cadence, velocity, step length and stride length in gait (p<.05), but shows no significant differences in dynamic standing balance. Furthermore, there were significant differences gait velocity, dynamic standing balance between two groups (p<.05). Conclusions: The results demonstrated that the elastic pelvic belt application is effective to improve gait velocity, dynamic balance in the subacute stroke patients. Thus, the elastic pelvic belt is seemed to be one of the potential methods to facilitate the active rehabilitation program for hemiplegia patients.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.78-83
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• 2009

Fibromuscular dysplasiais an uncommon condition of idiopathic, non-inflammatory and non-atherosclerotic disease of the musculature of arterial walls. The disease is rare, but it commonly affects young and middle aged women. Isolated intracranial cerebral fibromuscular dysplasia is extremely rare because cerebral fibromuscular dysplasia usually affects extracranial vessels. A 20-year-old woman was admitted with light hemiplegia and global aphasia. Brain MRI and MRA demonstrated acute left middle cerebral artery territory infarction with a multifocal stenosis and dilatation of the left middle cerebra artery and left internal carotid. The characteristic conventional cerebral angiographic findings demonstrated a typical string-of-beads appearance in the left distal internal carotid artery and proxiaml portion of the left middle cerebral artery, which suggested a medial type fibromuscular dysplasia. We report a case of isolated intracranial fibromuscular dysplasia with left middle cerebral artery territory infarction. Fibromuscular dysplasia should he considered as a stroke risk factors in children and young adults, especially in patients with no known cardiovascular risk factors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.576-579
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• 2018

Purpose : This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of an action-observational task oriented training on balance and gait ability of patients with chronic stroke. Method : The subjects of this study were 30 patients with chronic stroke who agreed to participate and were picked up. Participants were randomly divided into equal groups; namely, an experimental group that underwent action-observational task oriented training for at least 30 minutes/day for 6 weeks and a control group that underwent general task-oriented training. Patients' balance was assessed using the Sway Length(SL), Sway Area (SA) and Limit of Stability (LOS) test. In addition, gait ability was assessed using the 10 Meter Walking Test (10MWT). Gait time and speed taken to walk 10 metres were used to examine gait ability. Result : There were significant improvements in the subscales of the balance and gait ability test of those who participated in the action-observational task oriented training, while the control group showed no significant changes. Conclusion : Therefore, Action-observational training effectively improved the balance and gait abiltiy in patients with chronic stroke.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.52-60
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• 2006

Muscle weakness in the hemiplegia following stroke is an important factor which determines the quality of life in the future. Therefore, muscle strengthening exercise is essential for functional recovery in hemiplegic patients. Even though the popular conception is that muscle strengthening exercise causes spasticity and associated reaction that hemiplegia patients don't want, and that it disturbs functional recovery, recently there have been many new reports against that opinion. Therefore, the effects of strengthening exercise programs on functional recovery in hemiplegic patients are still controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of strengthening exercise programs for the knee joint using isokinetic exercise on the associated reaction of the upper extremities. Comparing the muscle activities of biceps brachii and triceps brachii during, before, and immediately after 2 and 5 minute intervals of isokinetic exercise, we examined the increase and decrease of associated reaction. Twenty stroke inpatients participated in this study. Surface electromyography was used to get muscle activity data from biceps brachii and triceps brachii. The major findings of this study were as follows: 1. The flexor and extensor peak torque were significantly higher on the sound side than the affected side (p<.05). 2. Before and after strengthening exercise, there was no significant difference in muscle activities (surface electromyographic root mean square values) between the sound and affected side. 3. Muscle activities were examined during, before, and immediately after 2 and 5 minute intervals of isokinetic exercise. There were significant differences in muscle activities between, before and during the exercises, during exercise and 5 minutes after exercise in the biceps brachii (p<.05), and during exercise and 5 minutes after exercise in the triceps brachii (p<.05). In conclusion, there was no relation between strengthening exercise and associated reaction in the upper extremities. Rather, muscle activities after exercise had a tendency to decrease relative to before the exercise. Thus, it is considered that intensive strengthening exercise contributes to improvement of functional recovery without increase in associated reaction in hemiparetic patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.13-19
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• 2011

Purpose: In real life there are both straight-paths and curved-paths. To evaluate walking ability of both kinds, a figure-8 walking test (F8WT) was developed. The aim of this study was to validate the measure in hemiplegic patients with walking difficulties and to identify correlations of curved walking ability with straight walking ability, motor function, and walking performance ability. Methods: Twenty subjects participated in this study. Curved walking was measured by a F8WT. Straight walking ability was measured by a 10-meter walking test (10MWT). Dynamic balancea bility was measured by timed up and go (TUG) tests. Walking performance ability was measured using a modified motor assessment scale (MMAS). Motor function was measured by the Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) scale. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis. Linear regression analyses were performed to explore other functional tests in mobility ability by F8WT time, 10MWT (dependent variable). Results: There was a significant positive correlation of F8WT time with 10MWT and TUG. There was a significant negative correlation of F8WT time with MMAS and FMA-coordination. There was a significant positive correlation of 10MWT with TUG. There was a significant negative correlation of 10MWT with MMAS and FMA-coordination. The F8WT time for curved walking ability was attributed to 10MWT for straight walking ability as 94% level of contribution. Conclusion: The results suggest that the F8WT is a good instrument for measuring walking ability because there is a robust correlation of F8WT time with 10MWT, TUG, MMAS, and FMA-coordination in hemiplegic patients who, after stroke, have a mobility deficiency.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.71-81
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• 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study is to ob serve effects of CPM(Continuous Passive Motion) on hand functional and upper-extremity muscular strength rehabilitation for stroke patients. Method: Objects of this study, three patients have the symptoms of hemiplegia due to stroke. These are acute patients, within a 18 months after treatment and correspond in Brunnstrom stage 4~6. This study used single subject (A-B) design for three patients with a stroke and the effect of CPM was measured using Jebsen-Taylor hand function test, Purdue Pegboard test, hand muscular strength test. They received CPM for 3 weeks, 2 per day, 30 minutes for each, total 30 times. Results: Two patients' results of fingertip grip test in hand strength measurements did not change. Results of Jebsen-Taylor hand function test, Purdue Pegboard test and other hand muscular strength test were improved. To validate statistical results nonparametric statistical method, Wilcoxon signed ranks test was performed. P-Values are greater than 0.05 so difference between be fore and after treatment is not statistically significant result. Conclusion: Despite of limitation of short program period and fewer participants, CPM which has been conducted for stroke patients showed the effect on improvement of hand function and muscle strength. This study shows that CPM which is mainly used to treate lower-extremity rehabilitation can be use to improve performance of hand function and strength for patients with stroke.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.71-79
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• 2003

Manual tracking is an experimental paradigm that can be used to study information processing in continuous movements involving accurate, ongoing control of motor performance. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of knee tracking training, using the paretic side, on gait in stroke patients. Nine patients with hemiplegia participated in the study. The timed 10 m gait speed test and tracking test were administrated. The tracking test was composed with ranges of $-20^{\circ}$ to $20^{\circ}$ and $0^{\circ}$ to $60^{\circ}$. The tracking training consisted of five times every week for 4 weeks. The data were analyzed by non-parametric paired sign test of Wilcoxon. The flexion/extension error of the tracking test was significantly reduced on the paretic side, while the nonparetic side was not statistically significant. The transfer of the skill to the functional activity was shown in the significant improvement at timed 10 m gait speed test. This study shows that individuals with chronic who have impaired knee movement can be trained to improve their knee control through intensive practice at a knee movement tracking task and that the skill learned from such training is transfered to a more functional gait speed.