• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.108-114
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• 2015

Purpose: To improve outcome of severe trauma patient, the shortening of transport time is needed. Although helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) is still a subject of debate, it must also be considered for trauma system. The aim of this study is to assess whether transport method (HEMS versus ground EMS) is associated with outcome among inter-hospital transport. Methods: All trauma patients transported to regional emergency center by either HEMS or ground EMS from September 2011 to September 2014. We have classified patients according to two groups by transport method. Age younger than 15 years and self-discharged patients were excluded. Results: A total of 427 patients were available for analysis during this period. 60 patients were transported by HEMS and 367 patients were transported by ground EMS. HEMS group had higher mortality than ground EMS group (23.3% vs 3.5%; p<0.001), and included more patients with excess mortality ratio adjusted injury severity score (EMR-ISS) above 25 (91.7% vs 48.8%; p<0.001). In the multivariable regression analysis, HEMS was not associated with improved outcome compared with ground EMS, but only EMR-ISS was associated with a mortality of patients (odds ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.09). Conclusion: In this study, helicopter emergency medical services transport was not associated with a decreased of mortality among the trauma patients who inter-hospital transported to the regional emergency center.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.93-109
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• 2007

The pre-hospital care in site transportation care and site care will be divided, it will follow in site or evacuation it will enforce it will can evacuate in condition of the emergency patient of like this at the initial stage and emergency care from inside fire fighting helicopter back transfer means and the manpower security of the specialty emergency necessary personnel(nursing and 1st EMT's) as the medical treatment agency and modernization of first aid equipment necessity inside American securing and fire fighting helicopter and specialty first aid packet won about lower the emergency care which is appropriate cannot become accomplished are the actual condition in total lack of emergency care equipment. Consequently craving augmentation, in order to be adapted with the handling kind transfer whose specialty and is appropriate and present time of rapid increase and the citizen of emergency demand by fire fighting helicopter simplicity transfer compared to it is a condition where the countermeasure preparation is earnest. Must expand emergency care equipment first even in fire fighting helicopter and 1st EMT's which it follows in him become arrangement and quickly the execution and specialty temporary disposal(ALS) must be enforced a temporary disposal and must buy the life which is. Also it gets by experience a helicopter induction outline, a radio communication method and the patient helicopter on-board hour attention point back various attention fact back with the body and when where it stands but accurately there must be it will be able to induce the helicopter. Also every manuals anger it does a helicopter transfer method and the emergency care method back and that all processes must do fixed form anger, it becomes feed. Also it related with a helicopter transfer even from the relationship agency many research to lead, difference of the advanced foreign nation and the maximum it is the actual condition where the medical emergency system construction which it reduces is earnestly demanded. Also with emergency structure(crane) it confronts to an aviation transfer even from the establishment college and education it leads intensively and 1st EMT's of the good quality which relates with an aviation structure expects is cultivate at all.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2002

This analysis is accomplished by using 331 rescue and medical evacuation cases performed by KangWonDo Fire Service Department Aviation(KFSA-119 Heicopters) between Jan. 1998 and Oct. 2002. By analysing injury causes, annual differences, sexual, scenic(locaional) distribution and wounded part distribution, this study tried to figure out the general tendency of the helicopter-transported patients in Korea. The results are as follows; 1. The whole population of the patients rescued and transported by helicopters is increasing by the annual rate of 150%~200%. 2. For the locational (scenic) distribution of the patients, 57% (190 cases) of the target population were injured on their mountain-climbing or tracking. 3. 12% (41 cases) of the target population were the Inter-Hospital transport cases. 4. 6% (16 cases) were the expired cases. 5. for the wounded part distribution, 46% (106 cases) were muscular skeletal injuries. 6. The aircraft and personnel of the KFSA were rescue-oriented, so for the EMS operations especially inter-hospital transport missions, different medical equipments and personnels are needed.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.218-232
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was aimed to describe Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) and analyze the flight nurses' activities in HEMS. Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from the air transportation reports that contained data of 168 patients transported by aircraft to G University medical center in Incheon since June, 2012 to March, 2013. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Average distance of flights was 44.0 km, duration of field treatment took 13.6 minutes, and duration of a flight from scene to hospital was 14.5 minutes. Nursing activities were categorized into 12 direct nursing activities and 5 nursing management activities, and a total number of 7806 nursing activities were occurred in HEMS. The most frequently performed nursing activity was measurement and monitoring (27.9%) followed by medication (11.5%) and respiratory management (8.7%). The most frequent nursing management were information management (11.0%). Nursing activities performed were significantly different depending on the patient's level of consciousness, cause of illness, crew configuration, and type of transportation. Conclusion: This study described HEMS nursing activities performed by flight nurses. Difference in nursing activities according to patient characteristics, crew configuration and type of transportation requires flight nurses to be prepared through educational programs to improve nursing activities and nursing management during air transportation.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.115-123
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• 2002

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the patterns of helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) in Ullung Island. Methods : The authors reviewed the records from emergency room diaries and the lists of helicopter transfers in the Ullung Public Health Medical Center over the 5-year period from Jan 1, 1997 to Dec 31, 2001. Results : One hundred thirteen cases were transferred by helicopters in 88 flights. According to year, the number of flights was 13(14.8%) and the number of cases was 15(13.3%) in 1997; 17(19.3%) and 21(18.6%) in 1998; 18(20.5%) and 20(17.7%) in 1999; 17(19.3%) and 20(17.7%) in 2000; and 23(26.1%) and 37(32.7%) in 2001. According to the kind of helicopter, the number of flights was 46(52.3%) and the number of cases was 60(53.1%) by Maritime police; and 19(21.6%) and 28(25.1%) by 119 rescue. According to time zone, there were no night flights. According to sex and age, there were 75 male cases(66.4%) and 28 cases(28.3%) of patients aged sixty years and over. The number of flights was 11(12.5%) and the number of cases was 15(13.3%) in November; 10 flights(11.4%) and 14 cases(12.4%) in March; and 7 cases(8.0%) in each of September, October and April. The most common season of helicopter transfer cases was autumn. According to transfer area, there were 48 cases (42.5%) in Pohang city, Gyeonsangbukdo; 35(31.0%) in Gangnung city, Gangwondo; and 17(15.0%) in Daegu metropolitan city. According to condition, there were 27 cases(23.9%) of cerebro-vascular accident, 13(11.5%) of fracture and 11(9.7%) of head injury. According to admission department, there were 42 cases(37.2%) in Neurosurgery, 21(18.6%) in Internal Medicine and 13(11.5%) in Orthopedic Surgery. According tothe Korea Standard Classification of Disease(3-KSCD), circulatory systemic disease(IX) and injury, intoxication and others (XIX) were the two most frequent categories with 34 cases(30.1%) each, followed by digestive system disease (XI) with 23 cases(20.4%). Conclusions : HEMS in Ullung Island leave much to be desired. Helicopters cannot make a night flight and are not equipped with medical facilities. HEMS in islands such as Ullung Island are essential. We hope that night flights, equipment-monitoring systems for emergency patients in the helicopters, and a law related to HEMS in the island will all be established.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.109-115
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• 2022

During emergencies, the time from symptom onset to definitive treatment determines the final outcome. Therefore, the emergency medical service (EMS) system in Korea, aims to transfer patients requiring emergency care to appropriate medical facilities within 30 minutes. This is in an attempt to improve the chances of survival and reduce sequelae. We attempted to locate areas vulnerable to prehospital transportation and identify hot spots with high demand for emergency medical helicopters in Jeju, by using a grid-based geospatial analysis. This retrospective cross-sectional observational study employed EMS data of 119 ambulance run sheets spanning from January 1, 2010 to September 30, 2018 in Jeju. The location data of emergency patients was superimposed on the spatial analysis frame using the geographic information system (GIS). Subsequently, the locations of long-distance transfer and delayed transfers to the hospital were analyzed, to identify hot spots where the demand for helicopter emergency services would be high. Of the total analysis targets, 42.2% (20,288 people) took more than 30 minutes from reporting to 119 dispatchers to hospital transfer. As the transfer time interval increased, the patient occurrence time increased in the city of Jeju, increased in Seogwipo, and the ratio of patients/guardians to select a transfer hospital rose with significant differences. This study identified the characteristics related to time delays in prehospital transfer of emergency patients in Jeju, and the areas vulnerable to prehospital emergency care were derived and visualized through spatial analysis using the GIS.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.411-422
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• 2018

Background: Whether there is a difference in outcomes for trauma patients transferring to the helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) according to their previous team composition is controversial. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of trauma team-staffed-HEMS (TTS-HEMS) when transferring to a trauma center. Methods: A retrospective comparison was conducted on patients transported to a trauma center over a 6-year period by the TTS-HEMS and paramedic-staffed-HEMS (119-HEMS). Inclusion criteria were blunt trauma with age ${\geq}15years$. Patient outcomes were compared with the Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) (30-day mortality) and the Cox proportional hazard ratio of mortality (in hospital). Results: There were 321 patients of TTS-HEMS and 92 patients of 119-HEMS. The TTS-HEMS group had a higher Injury Severity Score and longer transport time but a significantly shorter time to emergency surgery. The prehospital data showed that the trauma team performed more aggressive interventions during transport. An additional 7.6 lives were saved per 100 TTS-HEMS deployments. However, the TRISS results in the 119-HEMS group were not significant. In addition, after adjusting for confounders, the hazard ratio of mortality in the 119-HEMS group was 2.83 times higher than that in the TTS-HEMS group. Conclusion: HEMS was likely to improve the survival rate of injured patients when physicians were involved in TTS-HEMS. Survival benefits in the TTS-HEMS group appeared to be related to the fact that the trauma team performed both more aggressive prehospital resuscitation and clinical decision making during transportation.