• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.170-178
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• 1988

중수로형 핵연료의 피복재로 사용되는 Zircaloy-4관의 결함검사를 위한 자동초음파 탐상 장치가 개발되었다. 이 장치에는 중심진동수가 14 MHz이고 대역폭이 11MHz인 집속 초음파 펄스를 사용한 수침 펄스-에코우 탐상기술과 특별히 고안된 시험수조 이송식 초음파주사 기술이 적용되었다 같은 크기와 방향을 갖는 관내외면 결함들을 같은 높이의 초음파 신호로 검출하기 위한 초음파 빔의 최적입사각은 26도이었다. Zircaloy-4피복관의 최대 허용 결함인, 깊이가 관두께의 10%인 0.04 mm이고, 길이가 0.76 mm인 축방향 및 길이가 0.38 mm인 원주방향 V형 인공결함들이 관내외면에 개재된 표준시험관을 사용하여 이 장치의 성능시험을 수행하였다. 그 결과 인공 표준시험관내의 모든 결함들을 매우 우수한 재현성을 갖고 분당 약 1m의 속도로 검출할 수 있었으며 이때의 신호 대 잡음 비는 축방향 결함에 대해서는 20 dB, 원주방향 결함에 대해서는 12 dB 이상이었다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.316-321
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• 2021

리그닌 분해효소의 생산은 나선형 리본이 있는 새로운 형태의 회전식 통풍관 생물 반응기(RTB)를 사용하여 느타리(Pleurotus ostreatus) No.42에 의해 실시하였다. 락게이즈(laccase)의 최대 생산량은 배양 3일 후 약 8,200 U/bioreactor 수준에 도달한 후 감소하였다. 반면에, 망간퍼옥시데이즈(MnP)의 최대 생산은 6일 배양 후 약 8,400 U/bioreactor의 수준에 도달하였다. 그러나 이 발효조에서 리그닌퍼옥시데이즈(LiP)는 검출되지 않았다. 그 결과 회전식 통풍관 생물 반응기(RTB)가 리그닌 분해효소를 대규모 생산을 위해 성공적으로 생산할 수 있음을 보여주었다. 이 발효기에서 망간퍼옥시데이즈의 정제 과정은 Sepharose CL-6B, Superdex 75 prep grade 및 Mono-Q에 대한 크로마토그래피를 포함하여 정제하였다. 이 주요 효소는 sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide겔 전기영동(SDS-PAGE)에서 분자량 36,400, pI 3.95의 등전점(IEF)으로 각각 확인되었다. 이 발효기의 주요 효소 N-말단 서열은 정치 및 진탕배양과 같은 다른 배양조건에서 보고된 MnP3 효소와 동일하였다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.205-209
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• 2007

Purpose: To determine the physical properties of a newly developed cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: We measured and compared the imaging properties for the indirect-type flat panel detector (FPD) of a new CBCT and the single detector array (SDA) of conventional helical CT (CHCT). Results: First, the modulation transfer function (MTF) of the CBCT were superior to those of the CHCT. Second, the noise power spectrum (NPS) of the CBCT were worse than those of the CHCT. Third, detective quantum efficiency (DQE) of the indirect-type CBCT were worse than those of the CHCT at lower spatial frequencies, but were better at higher spatial frequencies. Although the comparison of contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was estimated in the limited range of tube current, CNR of CBCT were worse than those of CHCT. Conclusion: This study shows that the indirect-type FPD system may be useful as a CBCT detector because of high resolution.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.763-772
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• 1998

The effects of an inserted coil on flow patterns and heat transport performance for a horizontal rotating heat pipe have been studied experimentally. Especially, the present study is to see an internally inserted helical coil inside a RHP would lead to the same kind of results as internal fins. Visualization test conducted for an acryl tube, charged water with at a volumetric rate of 20%. When the flow kept pool regime at a low RPM(less than 1,000 RPM), the movement of coil forced the water to flow in axial direction. But this pumping effect of coil disappeared, when the pool regime changed to annular one which could be created by increasing RPM. The pumping effects for RHP with an inserted coil resulted enhancement both in condensation heat transfer coefficient and heat transport limitation, as obtained in case of using internal fins. But all these effects became negligible in the range of higher RPM(above 1,000∼1,200) with the transition of flow regime to annular flow.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2002년도 Proceedings
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• pp.464-467
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• 2002

We propose the use of visible scintillation light for monitoring the X-ray CT in the gantry of a diagnostic CT for its performance test and maintenance works. We placed a disk of bare plastic scintillator disk in the gantry opening area of a helical X-ray CT. When we operated the CT, we could observe the emission of blue scintillation light from the scintillator in a dark room. Visible light was identified under all scanning conditions of diagnostic uses. As a result, we observed the direction and the spread of the incident X-ray in the scintillator. We also observed the change of the part of the scintillator where visible light was generated, and the move that took place associating with the rotation of the X-ray tube during one CT scan. On the basis of the observation, we examined the usefulness of the visible scintillation light as a convenient performance-evaluating tool as well as a maintenance tool of the CT.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.50-61
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• 2000

The effects of an inserted coil on flow . patterns and heat transfer performance for a horizontal rotating heat pipe have been studied experimentally. Especially, the present study is to see an internally inserted helical coil inside a RHP would lead to the same kind of results as internal fins. Visualization test conducted for an acryl tube, charged water with at a volumetric rate of 20%. When the flow kept pool regime at a low rpm(less than 1,000rpm), the movement of coil forced the water to flow in axial direction. But this pumping effect of coil disappeared, when the pool regime changed to annular one which could be created by increasing rpm. The pumping effects for RHP with an inserted coil resulted in the enhancement in both condensation heat transfer coefficient and heat transport limitation, as obtained in case of using internal fins. But all these effects became negligible in the range of higher rpm(above 1,000-1,200) with the transition of flow regime to annular flow.

• 천문학회보
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.113.2-113.2
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• 2012

An innovative solar observing satellite, Hinode, has successfully observed the detailed evolution of a rapidly developing emerging flux region from the beginning of its appearance at the solar surface. The high spatial and temporal resolution provided by the satellite enables to capture the prominent dynamic processes such as the rotational motion of a polarity region with intense magnetic flux which is reminiscent of a cyclone on the Earth, and a running wave that spreads ahead of this rotating polarity region. This 'solar cyclone' is, on the other hand, generated differently from terrestrial cyclones, and a possible generating mechanism for it is demonstrated with a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulation of a twisted magnetic flux tube emerging from the solar interior into the solar atmosphere. The simulation shows that the rotational motion is caused by a strong downflow of plasma along the twisted field lines that form a helical pillar standing upright on the Sun.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.550-551
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• 2013

Large-area RF-driven ion source is being developed at Germany for the heating and current drive of ITER plasmas. Negative hydrogen (deuterium) ion sources are major components of neutral beam injection systems in future large-scale fusion experiments such as ITER and DEMO. RF ion sources for the production of positive hydrogen ions have been successfully developed at IPP (Max-Planck- Institute for Plasma Physics, Garching) for ASDEX-U and W7-AS neutral beam injection (NBI) systems. In recent, the first NBI system (NBI-1) has been developed successfully for the KSTAR. The first and second long-pulse ion sources (LPIS-1 and LPIS-2) of NBI-1 system consist of a magnetic bucket plasma generator with multi-pole cusp fields, filament heating structure, and a set of tetrode accelerators with circular apertures. There is a development plan of large-area RF ion source at KAERI to extract the positive ions, which can be used for the second NBI (NBI-2) system of KSTAR, and to extract the negative ions for future fusion devices such as ITER and K-DEMO. The large-area RF ion source consists of a driver region, including a helical antenna (6-turn copper tube with an outer diameter of 6 mm) and a discharge chamber (ceramic and/or quartz tubes with an inner diameter of 200 mm, a height of 150 mm, and a thickness of 8 mm), and an expansion region (magnetic bucket of prototype LPIS in the KAERI). RF power can be transferred up to 10 kW with a fixed frequency of 2 MHz through a matching circuit (auto- and manual-matching apparatus). Argon gas is commonly injected to the initial ignition of RF plasma discharge, and then hydrogen gas instead of argon gas is finally injected for the RF plasma sustainment. The uniformities of plasma density and electron temperature at the lowest area of expansion region (a distance of 300 mm from the driver region) are measured by using two electrostatic probes in the directions of short- and long-dimension of expansion region.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.257-270
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• 2004

The two-phase closed thermosyphon is a heat transfer device capable of transfer large quantities of heat from a source to a sink by taking advantage of the high heat transfer rates associated with the evaporation and condensation of a working fluid within the device. A study was carried out with the performance of the heat transfer of the thermosyphon having 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 internal micro grooves in which boiling and condensation occur. A plain thermosyphon having the same inner and outer diameter as the grooved thermosyphon is also tested for comparison. Water, methanol and ethanol have been used as the working fluids. The liquid filling as the ratio of working fluid volume to total volume of thermosyphon, the inclination angle, micro grooves and operating temperature have been used as the experimental parameters. The heat flux and the boiling and the condensation heat transfer coefficient and overall heat transfer coefficient at the condenser and evaporator zone are estimated from the experimental results. The experimental results have been assessed and compared with existing correlations. Imura's and Kusuda's correlation for boiling showed in good agreement with experimental results within ${\pm}20$％ in plain thermosyphon. The maximum heat transfer rate was obtained when the liquid fill ratio was about 25%. The high heat transfer coefficient was found between 25o and 30o of inclination angle for water and between 20o and 25o for methanol and ethanol. The relatively high rates of heat transfer have been achieved in the thermosyphon with internal micro grooves. The micro grooved thermosyphon having 60 grooves shows the best heat transfer coefficient in both condensation and boiling. The maximum enhancement (i.e. the ratio of the heat transfer coefficients of the micro grooved thermosyphon to plain thermosyphon) is 2.5 for condensation and 2.3 for boiling.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2006

최근의 나선형 CT와 MDCT는 기존의 고식적 CT보다 X-선 조사시의 겹침 현상과 영상 재구성에 있어서의 보간삽입처리로 인해 보다 높은 선량을 환자에게 주게 되었다. MDCT와 나선형 CT장치가 보다 많은 의학적 정보를 제공하는 것에도 불구하고 환자가 받는 방사선 노출은 기존의 고식적 CT검사에 비해 $2{\sim}4$배 정도로 증가되고 있는 실정이므로, 그 잠재적 위험성을 아무리 강조해도 지나침이 없다. CT장치에서의 보다 많은 X-선에 관련된 자료들, 특히 선량효율적 디자인이나 X-선 조절 소프트웨어에 대한 자료들이 필요하다. 왜냐하면 CT장치의 디자인 요소는 임상적 진단에 있어서 환자선량을 성공적으로 줄일 수 있는 중요한 요소이기 때문이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 최근 급격히 확산되어 사용되고 있는 여러 단계의 MDCT의 z-축 선량효율을 측정하여 SDCT와 비교하였다. 그리고 MDCT에서 스캔 시 채택하는 focal spot size와 beam collimation, 검출기 조합 등을 비롯한 파라메터들의 변화에 따른 z-축 선량효율을 파악하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. SDCT가 z-축 기하학적 선량효율이 가장 높았고, 4 슬라이스 MDCT가 가장 낮았다. MDCT 중에서는 small beam collimation 적용 시 64 MDCT가 기하학적 선량효율이 가장 높았고 16, 8, 4 슬라이스 MDCT 순이었으며, large beam collimation 적용 시에는 small focal spot에서는 8 MDCT가, large focal spot에서는 16 MDCT가 가장 높았다. 2. MDCT의 경우 large focal spot에 비해 small focal spot의 z-축 기하학적 선량효율이 최저 0.67%에서 최대 13.62%의 범위에서 높았다. 3. MDCT의 경우 small beam collimation에 비해 large beam collimation의 z-축 기하학적 선량효율이 $3.13{\sim}51.52%$의 범위에서 높았다. 4. 동일한 focal spot size와 beam collimation을 채택한 상태에서 detector combination 차이에 따른 z-축 기하학적 선량효율은 4 슬라이스 MDCT의 모든 경우와 8 슬라이스 MDCT의 large beam collimation에서 일정하였다. 하지만 8 슬라이스 MDCT의 small beam collimation과 16 슬라이스 MDCT에서는 z-축 기하학적 선량효율이 차이를 보였으며 변화의 일률성은 없었다. 5. 동일한 스캔 파라메터를 적용시 나선형 스캔과 고식적 스캔 모드의 z-축 기하학적 선량효율은 동일하였으며, pitch를 변화시키거나 영상재구성 시 슬라이스 두께와 간격을 변화시켜도 z-축 기하학적 선량효율은 변화가 없었다. 결론적으로, CT검사 시 환자가 받는 X-선 피폭선량을 줄이기 위해 연구자는 CT장치의 선량효율에 대해 각별히 주의하여야 하며, Z-축 선량효율성을 높이는 동시에 최적의 임상적 정보를 보존할 수 있는 스캔 파라메터를 선택하여야 한다.