• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

The $TomoTherapy^{(R)}$ beam-delivery method creates helical beam-junctioning patterns in the dose distribution within the target. In addition, the dose discrepancy results in the particular region where the resonance by pattern of dose delivery occurs owing to the change in the position and shape of internal organs with a patient's respiration during long treatment times. In this study, we evaluated the dose pattern of the longitudinal profile with the change in respiration. The superior-inferior motion signal of the programmable respiratory motion phantom was obtained using AbChes as a four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) original moving signal. We delineated virtual targets in the phantom and planned to deliver the prescription dose of 300 cGy using field widths of 1.0 cm, 2.5 cm, and 5.0 cm. An original moving signal was fitted to reflecting the beam delivery time of the $TomoTherapy^{(R)}$. The EBT3 film was inserted into the phantom movement cassette, and static, without the movement and with the original movement, was measured with signal changes of 2.0 s, 4.0 s, and 5.0 s periods, and 2.0 mm and 4.0 mm amplitudes. It was found that a dose fluctuation within ${\pm}4.0%$ occurred in all longitudinal profiles. Compared with the original movement, the region of the gamma index above 1 partially appeared within the target and the border of the target when the period and amplitude were changed. Gamma passing rates were 95.00% or more. However, cases for a 5.0 s period and 4.0 mm amplitude at a field width of 2.5 cm and for 2.0 s and 5.0 s periods at a field width of 5.0 cm have gamma passing rates of 92.73%, 90.31%, 90.31%, and 93.60%. $TomoTherapy^{(R)}$ shows a small difference in dose distribution according to the changes of period and amplitude of respiration. Therefore, to treat a variable respiratory motion region, a margin reflecting the degree of change of respiration signal is required.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.699-708
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• 2000

To make compact evaporator, experiments that show characteristics of evaporating heat transfer and pressure drop in the helically coiled small diameter tube were taken in this research. The experiments were performed with HCFC-22 in the helically coiled small diameter tube; inner diameter=1.0(mm), tube length=2.0(m), and curvature diameter=31, 34, 46.2(mm). The experiments were also carried out with the following test conditions; saturation pressure=0.588(MPa), mass velocity=$150{\sim}500(kg/m^2s)$, and heat flux=$1{\sim}5(kW/m^2)$. The experiment results are that the empirical correlation to predict heat transfer coefficient for single phase flow in helically coiled small diameter tube was obtained. It was found that dry-out is occurred at low-quality region for evaporation heat transfer because of breaking of annular liquid film. The friction factor of single phase flow of helically coiled tube was agreed with Prandtl's correlation. Finally, It was proposed for correlation that can precisely predict the friction factor of two phase flow of helically coiled tube.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.88-96
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• 2009

최근 토모테라피의 빗면 조사 빔(tangential beam)을 이용하여 전자 빔과 광자 빔의 인접 조사 없이도 치료에 필요한 선량을 균일하게 전달할 수 있다는 결과가 보고되면서, 토모테라피를 이용한 피부암 치료가 증가하고 있다. 그러나 토모테라피 치료 빔은 선형가속기 빔과는 다른 물리적인 특성을 갖고 있으며, 여러 가지 동적 요소들이 결합되어 빔을 조사하므로 기존에 사용하고 있는 팬톰 이외의 독립적인 도구를 사용하여 피부 선량을 검증할 필요가 있다. 피부 선량 검증을 위하여 영상 기반 치료용 팬톰에 선량 측정 기능을 추가한 새로운 팬톰을 개발하였으며, 열형광선량계(LiF, TLD-100)와 GafChromic EBT필름을 팬톰에 삽입하여 전달된 피부 선량을 측정하였다. 팬톰의 반지름 방향으로 피부 영역을 포함하여 깊이 35 mm 영역까지 균일한 선량을 전달했을 때, 필름으로 측정한 특정 점에서의 선량은 계산 선량에 대하여 평균 약 2% 정도 낮게 나타났으며 처방 선량보다 최대 ${\pm}14%$까지 더 높거나 낮은 선량이 전달된 영역이 나타나는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 치료 계획 시스템의 계산 결과와 비교하였을 때, 조사 영역에서 측정한 선량 분포의 균일성이 감소하였으며 팬톰 내에 삽입한 테플론에 의한 선량 변화는 거의 나타나지 않았다. 토모테라피의 치료 빔을 이용하여 피부암과 같이 굴곡이 있는 낮은 깊이에 위치한 표적에 선량을 전달하는 경우, 연속적으로 회전하며 조사되는 빗면 조사 빔의 특성과 치료 계획 시스템의 선량 계산 방식에 따라서 피부 선량의 오차가 허용 범위보다 더 크게 나타날 수 있으므로 치료전 측정을 통한 피부 선량 검증이 필요하다.