• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.161-171
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• 2023

The present study evaluated growth factors affecting oak community plantations through literature review and a field survey. Specifically, 41 related literature sources were analyzed and field surveys were conducted to collect growth data. Previous studies were analyzed to identify variables with high frequency of use. The frequency of use was in the order of tree size > environment > planting density > forest age. Analysis of factors impacting height and diameter growth revealed that the growth rate of species other than Quercus variabilis was negative in the field survey. This may be because of differences between the actual trees planted and specifications in the construction drawings, which may be attributed to the site conditions and decisions made by the project subject during construction. Furthermore, simple linear regression analysis was conducted with time, height at planting, density, and species code as the independent variables and growth rate as the dependent variable. A strong positive linear correlation was noted between height and diameter. This work builds a foundation for developing a forest restoration model and simulation program based on a regression model derived from the four variables tested.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.793-801
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• 2022

This study was carried out to provide basic data for logical forest management by developing a site index curve reflecting the current growth characteristics of Cryptomeria japonica stands in Korea. The height growth model was developed using the Chapman-Richards, Schumacher, Gompertz, and Weibull algebraic difference equations, which are widely used in growth estimation, for data collected from 119 plots through the 7th National Forest Inventory and stand survey. The Chapman-Richards equation, with the highest model fit, was selected as the best equation for the height growth model, and a site index curve was developed using the guide curve method. To compare the developed site index curve with that on the yield table, paired T-tests with a significance level of 5% were performed. The results indicated that there were no significant differences between the site index curve values at all ages, and the p-value was smaller after the reference age than before. Therefore, the site index curve developed through this study reflects the characteristics of the changing growth environment of C. japonica stands and can be used in accordance with the site index curve on the current yield table. Thus, this information can be considered valuable as basic data for reasonable forest management.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제90권6호
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• pp.725-733
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 안면도 소나무 임지에 대해 임분 내 생장인자들간의 상관관계를 구명하고 이를 기초로 동적 임분생장모델을 구축하였다. 이를 위해 영급이 고루 분포되도록 96개의 표본점을 선정하였고, 각 표본점에서 입목의 흉고직경, 수고를 측정한 후 이를 분석하여 평균흉고직경, 평균수고, 우세목수고, ha당 본수, ha당 단면적, ha당 재적 등을 추정하였다. SAS의 비선형 회귀분석(NLIN) 및 단순선형분석(REG)을 통해 생장인자간의 함수식을 유도하였으며, 이 함수들을 이용하여 관리방법에 따라 임분의 생장 및 수확이 다양하게 예측될 수 있는 동적 임분생장모델을 구축하였다. 다양한 시업주기 및 강도를 적용해 임분의 생장을 예측한 결과, 본 연구에서 구축된 동적 임분생장모델은 일반적인 생장법칙을 잘 나타내고 있어 안면도 소나무임분의 생장 및 수확량 예측에 적합한 것으로 판단되었다. 이러한 동적 임분생장모델은 실제 산림경영에서 다양한 관리방법에 따른 임분의 생장예측을 위하여 이용될 수 있을 것이며, 산림경영계획에 있어 의사결정을 위한 도구로서 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제94권5호통권162호
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• pp.321-329
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• 2005

Based on the data representing four typical Korean pine forest types, the age structure, DBH distribution, species composition, and forking rule were systemically analyzed for old-growth Korean pine forest in Liangshui Nature Reserve, northeast China. The age structure of Korean pine trees was strongly uneven-aged with one dominated peak following normal distribution, and age of trees varied from 100 to 180 years within a stand. The DBH and height differences in same age class (20 years) varied from 28 cm~64 cm and 5 to 20 m, respectively. Many conifer and hard wood species, such as spruce, fir, costata birch, basswood, oak, and elm, were mixed with dominated trees of Korean pine. The canopy of the old-growth Korean pine forest can be divided into two layers, and differences of mean age and height between Layer I and Layer II were ranged 80~150 years and 7~13 m, respectively. The Weibull function was used to model the diameter distribution and performed well to describe size-class distribution either with a single peak in over-story canopy and inverse J-shape in under-story canopy for old-growth Korean pine stands. The forking height of Korean pine trees ranged from 16m to 24 m (mean 19.4 m) and tree age about 120 to 160 years old. The results will provide a scientific basis to protect and recover the ecosystem of natural old-growth Korean pine and also provide the model in management of Korean pine plantation.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.639-645
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• 1998

A Jump model was evaluated for the calculation of hourly mixing height and mean potential temperature within the height. The Sump model was modified for estimation of downward heat fluxes by mechanical convections and surface heat fluxes. The surface heat fluxes were estimated from routine weather data such as solar radiation and air temperature. Total of 8 upper-air data observed at 0000UTC and 0600UTC in Osan station during April 23 to 26, 1996 were analyzed, and compared to the model results in detail. The calculated mixing heights and potential temperatures within the height were comparable to the observations, but some differences were showed. The calculated mixing heights were generally higher than observations. And, when variations of wind directions were large, the large difference of potential temperature was occurred. From the results, it was important to note that vortical motions and advections of air masses would affect to the growth of the mixing height.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.629-638
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• 2021

Background and objective: This study was conducted to develop diameter growth models for thinned Quercus glauca Thunb. (QGT) stands to inform production goals for treatment and provide the information necessary for the systematic management of this stands. Methods: This study was conducted on QGT stands, of which initial thinning was completed in 2013 to develop a treatment system. To analyze the tree growth and trait response for each thinning treatment, forestry surveys were conducted in 2014 and 2021, and a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was executed. In addition, non-linear least squares regression of the PROC NLIN procedure was used to develop an optimal diameter growth model. Results: Based on growth and trait analyses, the height and height-to-diameter (H/D) ratio were not different according to treatment plot (p > .05). For the diameter of basal height (DBH), the heavy thinning (HT) treatment plot was significantly larger than the control plot (p < .05). As a result of the development of diameter growth models by treatment plot, the mean squared error (MSE) of the Gompertz polymorphic equation (control: 2.2381, light thinning: 0.8478, and heavy thinning: 0.8679) was the lowest in all treatment plots, and the Shapiro-Wilk statistic was found to follow a normal distribution (p > .95), so it was selected as an equation fit for the diameter growth model. Conclusion: The findings of this study provide basic data for the systematic management of Quercus glauca Thunb. stands. It is necessary to construct permanent sample plots (PSP) that consider stand status, location conditions, and climatic environments.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.733-745
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• 2021

Although waxy corn varieties developed after the 1980s show differences depending on development stages and conditions, studies on the characteristics of waxy corn during the growth stage are rare. The subject of this study was a field survey and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) image acquisition of four waxy corn varieties cultivated in Idam-ri, Gammul-myeon, Goesan-gun, Korea. The study was conducted in four stages at intervals of two weeks after planting in 2019. The growth characteristics of each of the four varieties were analyzed using growth curves obtained based on field survey and UAV imagery data. The characteristics of each growth stage of the four varieties of corn, as assessed using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and plant height (P.H.) values, were as follows. The growth model was identified as a model in which three-parameter logistic (3PL) curves reflect the growth characteristics of corn well. In particular, it was found that the variations in growth rate shown by P.H. and NDVI values clearly explain the differences between corn varieties. Among the four cultivars, growth and development first occurred at the early vegetative stage in Daehakchal, followed by Mibaek 2, Miheukchal, and finally Hwanggeummatchal. The variationsin P.H. and NDVI were achieved quickly and earlier in Daehakchal, followed by Mibaek 2, Hwanggeummatchal, and Miheukchal. It was confirmed that these results reflected the characteristics of the fast white-type varieties, while the black-type varieties were delayed, as in a previous study. These results reflect the resistance to lodging that affects the cultivation environment and the response characteristics to nutrients and moisture. It was confirmed that UAV accurately provides growth information that is very useful for analyzing the growth characteristics of each corn variety.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제87권1호
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• pp.40-49
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• 1998

본 연구는 보다 정확한 모수(母數) 추정을 통한 생장(生長)모델의 현실성을 향상시키는데 이용되는 생장 측정간격(임목의 측정 초기 연령 $T_1$과 재측정 연령 $T_2$의 기간)의 적합한 조합을 선택하기 위한 계획을 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 다양한 생장식을 데이터에 적용한 후 가장 적합한 것으로 판정된 생장식을 분석에 이용하였다. 여러 생장식을 분석한 결과 최적의 생장식으로 판명된 더미 변수를 포함하는 변형 Schumacher 방정식을 임분 흉고단면적(胸高斷面績) 생장식과 평균수고(平均樹高) 생장식을 얻기 위하여 이용하였다. 그리고 사용된 자료는 뉴질랜드 남섬 전역에서 측정된 업송(業松)(Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb.Franco)의 생장 측정기간이 변형되지 않은 데이터와 모든 가능한 생장 측정기간을 포함하는 변형된 2종류의 데이터이었다. 단기의 측정기간에서부터 장기의 측정기간의 범위를 포함하는 데이터(모든 가능한 생장 측정기간을 포함하는 데이터)를 사용할 때 흉고단면적 생장식과 임분 평균수고 생장식에서 모수 추정의 정확성이 증가되는 것이 발견되었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제97권4호
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• pp.368-373
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• 2008

본 연구는 전북부안 지역의 소나무와 진안 지역 낙엽송림을 대상으로 개발된 생장모형을 지역적으로 독립된 데이터를 이용하여 검증하고 기존에 개발된 생장모형이 다른 지역에도 적용 할 수 있는지의 효율성을 측정하는데 그 목적을 두었다. 기존에 개발된 소나무의 직경생장 모형은 새로운 데이터에 우수한 적합성을 보였으나, 흉고단면적 및 수고 생장 모형은 적합도가 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 낙엽송의 직경, 흉고단면적 및 수고 생장 모형은 지역적으로 독립된 데이터에 우수한 적합성을 보였다. 따라서 기존에 개발된 소나무의 직경생장 모형을 제외한 흉고단면적 및 수고 생장 모형의 적용은 개발된 지역에서만 사용 할 수 있는 효율성의 한계가 있는 것으로 보인다. 그러나 낙엽송의 직경, 흉고단면적 및 수고 생장 모형은 다른 지역에도 적용 할 수 있는 우수한 효율성을 보여 산림 자원이 풍부한 전라북도 동부 산악권 지역의 낙엽송 생장 모형으로 이용 될 수 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.5-31
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to develop a system dynamics model for growth prediction of low birth weight infants(LBWIs) based on nutrition. This growth prediction model consists of 9 modules; body weight, height, carbohydrate, protein, lipid, micronutrient, water, activity and energy module. The results of the model simulation match well with the percentiles of weights and heights of the Korean infants, also with the growth records of 55 LBWIs, under 37 weeks of gestational age, whose weights are appropriate for their gestational age. This model can be used to understand the current growth mode of LBWIs, predict the future growth of LBWIs, and be utilized as a tool for controlling the nutrient intake for the optimal growth of LBWIs in actual practice.