• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.33 no.1 s.128
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• pp.57-63
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• 2002

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of dried orange peel compound intaking and exercise training on the physique, body fat, and concentration bloodlipid in obese women. Ninety-seven volunteers(mean age 21.47 ${\pm}$ 1.47 yrs), all over 30% of body fat, agreed to Participate and were placed in 4 groups: dried orange peel compound intaking and exercise group(n=25), only exercise group(n=25), only dried orange peel compound intaking group(n=24), and control group(n=20). The subjects who joined this project were asked to take dried orange peel compound(2 times/day, 30 ml/time) or participate in exercise program(3 times/week, 70 min/day), depending on particular group for 12 weeks. They were tested on their height, weight, circumference of chest, abdomen, hip, and thigh, body fat%, total-cholesterol(TC), HDL-C, LDL-c, and triglyceride(TG) at the beginning and the end of the 12-weeks program. For data analysis, paired t-tests and ANCOVAs were used. The intaking of dried orange peel compound was influenced on weight, circumference of chest, abdomen, hip, and thigh, body fat%, HDL-C, LDL-C, and TG. The exercise participation had almost same effects on those dependent variables. Furthermore, the dried orange peel compound intaking along with exercise training was the most effective on those dependent variables among them. Therefore, these results indicate that dried orange peel compound intaking, like exercise, may be useful for controling weight, body fat, HDL-C, LDL-C, and TG.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.293-298
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• 2009

Background/aim : Gallbladder stone is the most common disease of biliary tract. It is lead to acute abdominal pain. The cholecystitis which is caused by in gallbladder stone occurs frequently and the possibility of the gallbladder cancer comes to be high. Our study was designed to determine the prevalence and risk factors gallbladder stone in a population who community. Materials and Methods : We enrolled a total of 826 (male : 297, female : 529) persons who 60 or older in Jeju-do 10 places from 2008 July one months. The height, weight, liver function tests, lipid profile, fasting blood sugar, were all measurement. They had their gallbladder examined with using ultrasonography. Statistical significance was defined as a p-value less than 0.05. Results : Among 826 persons, gallbladder stone was found in 49 persons (5.9%). The male is 6.1% and the female is 5.8%, the male 1.03 times appeared more highly the female. The body mass index above of 23.0 kg/$m^2$ with the gallbladder stone was 69.3% (p<0.047). Conclusion : The gallbladder stone appeared highly according to age increases. The obesity is the risk factor of gallbladder stone. The weight management and diet control is a possibility of reducing a gallbladder stone creation.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 2006

The investigation of the effect of the deep sea water in different concentration (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%) on the inhibition of growth, fresh weight, dry weight of the tomato, hot pepper, cucumber plug seedlings were conducted. As the concentration of the deep sea water was higher, the greater inhibition was noticed. The height were decreased at the rate of 8%, 25%, 32% in tomato, 9%, 26%, 27% in hot pepper, and 21%, 50%, 58% in cucumber plug seedlings as compare to local check. The fresh weights were decreased highly, as the concentration of the deep sea water increased. Tomato seedlings showed the decrease rate of 12%, 23%, 33% at above the ground part of plants, and 2%, 30%, 52% at under the ground parts. Likewise, Hot pepper seedlings showed the decrease rate of 1.1%, 5.7%, 15.4% at above the ground part of plants, and 22.1%, 25%, 47.1%, respectively at under the ground parts. The fresh weight of cucumber was decreased at the rate of 8.1%, 36%, 51% in the above the ground, and 6.2%, 11%, 65% at the under the ground parts. In tomato, hot pepper, and cucumber seedlings, the dry weight was decreased as the concentration of deep sea water was increased. Thirty percent of deep sea water treatment reduced the dry weight of the seedlings as half of the control seedlings. One of the important factors of the seedling quality is compactness. Compactness was highest at 20% deep sea water in all the three crop seedlings.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2011

This experiment was carried out to breed a very early maturing variety of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan from 2009 to 2010. A new variety, 'Green farm' is a diploid variety with green in leaf color and has erect and semi-erect growth habit in late autumn and early spring, respectively. 'Green farm' was on 28 April in heading date as a early-maturing variety. 'Green farm' was also wider by 0.4 mm in flag leaf width, longer by 0.8 cm in flag leaf length and shorter by 5 cm in plant height than those of control variety, 'Florida 80', respectively. 'Green farm' was thicker in stem thickness and stronger in winter hardness than those of the 'Florida 80'. Dry matter (DM) yield (11,790 kg/ha) of 'Green farm' was similar to that of 'Florida 80'. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), total digestible nutrient (TDN) and crude protein (CP) of 'Green farm' were 68.7, 63.3 and 10.3% which are 1.9, 1.7 and 0.6% higher than those of 'Florida 80', respectively. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of 'Green farm' were 32.5 and 54.6% which are 2.2 and 4.3% lower than those of the 'Florida 80', respectively.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.805-811
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• 2012

This study was carried out in order to optimize the manufacturing condition of fried garlic flakes as well as to investigate the physicochemical properties of the flakes. Fried garlic flake samples were prepared as follows: garlic was sliced by a thickness of 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm, which were measured by a thickness gage. The samples were fried in vegetable oil under different temperatures of $140{\sim}150^{\circ}C$, $160{\sim}170^{\circ}C$ and $180{\sim}185^{\circ}C$. The compression strength depending on the height (h) was measured in order to find the thickness effect by the rheometer (force control: 50 N, h: 3.25 mm). Moreover, the sample with 1.5 mm thickness showed crisp phenomena of the split compared with the crush shape of the 2.0 mm and 2.5 mm thick samples. The result of strength for time dependence showed a sample with a thickness of 1.5 mm, which was measured 5~9 times more than the 2.0 mm and 2.5 mm thick samples. We thought the reason that the 1.5 mm sample had less response power equivalent to compression force than the other samples. Alliin has been found to affect the immune responses in the blood, it is a derivative of the amino acid cysteine and is also quite heat stable. The LC system with a UV detection at 210 nm consists of a separation on a Zorbax TMS column and isocratic elution with water and ACN as a mobile phase. The alliin contents of raw and fried garlic flake under $140{\sim}150^{\circ}C$, $160{\sim}170^{\circ}C$ and $180{\sim}185^{\circ}C$ were 18.10 mg/mL, 14.0 mg/mL, 11.6 mg/mL and 11.1 mg/mL, respectively. The decrement of alliin content under different temperature was a small quantity hence, we confirmed that the increasing manufacturing temperature was not affected by the alliin content. Examining for the particle structure of fried garlic flakes by a polarization microscope, the color of the sample treated at $160{\sim}170^{\circ}C$ was pure yellow. Furder, the fiber shaped particle, which has an effect on the tough texture, almost did not appear compared to the different temperature conditions. Finally, the sensory test for the preference of fried garlic flake under different conditions was carried out and the scores for various sensory characteristics were surveyed. According to the physicochemical measurements and sensory evaluation, we confirmed that the optimum manufacturing condition of fried garlic flake was 1.5 mm thick at a temperature of $160{\sim}170^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.273-281
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• 2013

Based on the results of continuous flux measurements at the Gimje paddy flux site in the southwestern coast of Korea, carbon dioxide and energy exchanges between customarily cultivated rice-barley double cropping paddy field and the atmosphere during the 2012 rice growing season (from $9^{th}$ Jun. 2012 through $20^{th}$ Oct. 2012) were analyzed. Carbon dioxide and energy (H, LE) fluxes were estimated by the eddy covariance method. Environmental parameters (net radiation, precipitation, etc.) and plant biomass (LAI, plant height, etc.) were measured along with fluxes. After the quality control and gap-filling, the observed fluxes were analyzed. The results have been showed that net ecosystem exchange (NEE), gross primary production (GPP), and ecosystem respiration (Re) during the rice cropping period were -277.1, 710.3, and 433.2 g C $m^{-2}$, respectively.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2000

It is important to identify modifiable risk factors for breast cancer, because the breast cancer is one of the major causs of mortality among women. Some reported that obesity is a risk factor for breast cancer, but the results are not constant. Many risk factors are related to the duration of estrogenic stimulation of the breast. In general, early menarche and late menopause are positive risk factors. Human breast cancer has different characteristics according to the status of menopause(premenopause and postmenopause). In premenopausal women, about 60% of circulating estrogen is from the ovaries in the form of estradiol, and the remaining 40% is estrogen formed primarily in the adipose(fat) tissue via aromatization of androstenedion from the adrenal glands. After menopause this adipose cell production of estrone is the main source of estrogens and the level of estrone is maintained approximately at premenopausal levels. This study was undertaken to determine the role of body size and body mass index by status of menopause in development of breast cancer using retrospective case/control study. From March 1991 to February 1997 at the Wonkwang University Hospital, the breast cancer cases(n=72) and controls(n=86) were selected. By statistical analysis method, regression analysis, paired T-test and multiple logistic regression were done to estimate the influenced factors same as height, weight, BMI, age at menarche and age at menopause. The following results were obtained : 1. In premenopausal women, age at menarche was showed comparatively high correlation coefficients and BMI was described prominently highly in postmenopause. 2. At the results of multiple regression analysis, age at monarch, BMI and weight were showed as significant variables. In this method, critical factor ($R^2$) was 0.054. 3. Paired samples T-test was undertaken to test mean difference between two groups of cases and controls. The result of test performance showed a significant difference. 4. In comparison with women whose weight less than 50 kg, the ORs for the upper 5th group was 1.82(95% confidence interval). The heaviest women had a higher risk(OR=1.14, 95% confidence interval $1.12{\sim}1.31$, p=0.005). Higher body mass index was significantly associated with increased risk of premenopausal breast cancer (OR=1.01, 95% confidence interval $1.08{\sim}l.18$, p=0.05).

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.269-274
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• 1987

A laboratory experiment was conducted to find out the effect of inoculation with plant growth of associative $N_2$-fixing bacteria on the combination of eight different rice seedling with seven different associative $N_2$-fixing bacteria in which were isolated and identified from grasses and rice in saline and reclaimed saline paddy soil. Those were examined in N-free axenic culture medium. The result of this experiment exemplified the contribution of associative $N_2$-fixing bacteria to their host plant were varied much by the combination of rice cultivars and bacterial strains. Acetylene reduction ($N_2$-fixation) activity seems to be more variable with respect to the combination of rice cultivars and bacterial strains. The relationship between acetylene reduction activity and rice performance such as dry matter weight, plant height, root length, and number of root were statistically insignificant. However, in comparision with the control, the dry matter yield of Annapuruna was increased by inoculation of all the seven bacteria strains. Among the seven rice cultivars, the average acetylene reducing activity was the highest in Annapuruna, and Shingwang, and the lowest in IR-8 inoculated with Pseudomonas sp H8. Among the seven bacterial strains the highest acetylene reducing activity was obtained by the combination of Shingwang with Pseudomonas sp H8.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.717-726
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate health status and nutrient intakes among 5th grade elementary students at Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2010. This study was cross-sectional study on 1,384 children (687 boys, 697 girls) from nine elementary schools located in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. The average height, weight and BMI were 145 cm, 40.6 kg $19.2\;kg/m^2$ for boys and 145.4 cm, 38.2 kg, $18.0\;kg/m^2$ for girls. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 11.3%, 5.2%, respectively. Serum AST, ALT, glucose, HDL-Cholesterol and RBC levels were significantly higher, while TG levels was significantly lower for boys than for girls. The average energy intake was 1772.4 kcal, which was 98.7% of Estimated Energy Requirement (EER). The boys consumed more energy intake (1800.4 kcal) than the girls (1744.7 kcal). Also, they took insufficient calcium and folate (69.1% and 83.3% of Recommended Intake (RI)) and excess sodium (297.6% of Adequate Intake (AI)) and 85.1% of the subjects had breakfast everyday. In general, the proportion of the children who consumed fruits and vegetables at least once or more a day was low. There was a higher proportion of children in boys who had ramyun and milk with sufficient physical activity than those in girls. As a result of this study, we can find risk factors on obesity and metabolic disorders, and the results can be used for an evidence of nutrition education program and the intervention program.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.159-170
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to estimate the distribution and exposure prevalence of total carbohydrate intake and the carbohydrate-based foods such as rice, noodles, sweet potatoes, sweet drinks, milk and fruits and to characterize intake patterns among obese Korean adults. Methods: Subjects included 137,363 adults aged 40 years or older who participated in a Health Examinees (HEXA) Study. Multiple regression analysis of data from Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQFFQ) identified food sources of carbohydrates. Weight, height and waist circumstance (WC) were measured, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Obesity was defined as $BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2$ and abdominal obesity as $WC{\geq}90cm$ and ${\geq}85cm$ for males and females, respectively. Results: Obese adults appeared to have a higher total carbohydrate intake in the univariate analysis but had eaten less after adjustment for general and lifestyle factors, compared to normal weight adults (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.73-0.82 for general obesity; OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.74-0.85, for abdominal obesity; P trend < 0.0001, respectively). Based on advance analysis for the food sources of carbohydrates, obese subjects had lower intake of rice (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.68 -1.09 for general obesity; OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.67-1.13, for abdominal obesity; P trend < 0.0001, respectively) and higher intake of noodles (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.16-1.27 for general obesity; OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.19-1.32, for abdominal obesity; P trend < 0.0001 respectively). With regard to other food sources of carbohydrates such as milk and fruits, intake was lower among obese compared to normal weight subjects. Conclusions: In the Korean middle-aged and older obesity groups, the intake of carbohydrates and the related foods was lower than in normal weight subjects, except for noodles. We conclude that a higher intake of noodles may enhance weight-gain. Therefore, this study suggested that the guidelines should consider the types of carbohydrate sources and the amount consumed from foods in order to provide proper guidance with regard to control and prevent obesity among Korean adults.