• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2002

A coastwise chemical tanker sailing at full speed has capsized in calm water and while turing. We investigate reasons of the accident and demonstrate that a proper correction for the free surface effect of the liquid cargo has not been practiced in the initial design stage and that the bow-sinkage induced in sailing has weakened the form stability of the ship. It is also shown that the liquid cargo shift occurring in turning generated a significant outward heel moment.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.43-49
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• 2009

Purpose: This study examined the dynamic peak plantar pressure under the foot areas in those with a functional leg length inequality. Methods: The dynamic peak plantar pressure under the foot areas in an experimental group with a functional leg length inequality (n=20) and a control group (n=20) was assessed a using the Mat-Scan system (Tekscan, USA). The peak plantar pressure under the hallux, 1st, 2nd, 3-4th and 5th metatarsal head (MTH), mid foot, and heel was measured while the subject was walking on the Mat-Scan system. Results: The experimental group had significantly higher peak plantar pressure under all foot areas when the dynamic peak plantar pressure in the short leg and long leg sides was compared. The control group had a significantly higher peak plantar pressure under the 1st, 2nd, 3-4th, and 5th MTH when the dynamic peak plantar pressure in the short leg and long leg sides were compared. The experimental group showed a significantly larger difference in the dynamic peak plantar pressure under the hallux, 1st, 2nd, 3-4th and 5th MTH, mid foot and heel than the control group. Conclusion: A functional leg length inequality leads to an increase in the weight distribution and dynamic peak plantar pressure in the side of the short leg.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.54-63
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• 1994

Pulp and palm of the hand and heel of the sole are anatomically unique. Satisfactory reconstruction of these areas presents the plastic surgeon with many challenges and requires durable and sensible skin coverage, minimal donor morbidity and reliable operative procedure. We presents 7 clinical cases of sensate instep free flap transfer in this paper during the last 2 years. Three cases were soft tissue defects due to crushing and avulsion injury on the pulp of finger. 1 case was unstable scar and redundant flap after reconstruction of soft tissue dect of palm and 1 case was contracture of first web of hand. One case was a soft tissue defect due to avulsion injury on heel. Lastly, one case was chronic osteomyelitis with open wound on lateral malleolar area. Follow-up period ranged from 3 months to 2 years. Through the whole follow-up period, all flaps were viable and durable to persistant stress or weight bearing and were sensible enough to porotect the recocstructed area from injuries and maintain functions. In conclusions, the instep free flap should be considered as a valuable tool in reconstruction of hand and extremity requiring durability and sensation.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.97-101
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• 2009

Purpose: This study examined how the direction of carrying a load affects the foot stability and kinesiology while walking. Methods: The heel rotation, Hallux stiffness, foot balance, metatarsal load, toe out angle, subtalar joint flexibility were measured in 40 adults (men and women) who carried a load back and forth, walking on a 2-meter-long board. The measurement was carried out three times and the mean of the measurements was used to compare the difference between the front, back and the condition without a load. Results: While walking, heel rotation and hallux stiffness occurred most when a front load was applied compared to a back load or no load condition (p<0.05). A metatarsal load also appeared to be the highest with the frond load, but there was no significant difference in the balance of the whole foot. Both the toe out angle and subtalar joint flexibility appeared to increase significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion: Applying the front load causes subtalar joint instability and increases the plantar foot pressure imbalance during walking.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.29-38
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• 2006

Objectives & Methods: This study was aimed to investigate denomination and distribution of fifteen main collaterals through oriental medicine literature. Results & Conclusions: 1. Kyung-maek-pyoun(經脈篇) of Yeong-chu (靈樞; divine pivot) says that fifteen main collaterals (十五絡脈) consist of main collaterals of the twelve regular meridians (十二經脈), Conception Channel (任孤), Governor channel (督脈) and great collateral of the spleen(脾之大絡). While chapter 26 of Nan-gyung(難經; Classic of difficulty) says that Yin-heel & Yang-heel channels are included instead of Conception channel(任脈) and Governor Channel (督脈). what is explained in Yeong-chu (靈樞; divine pivot) is considered more proper. 2. Great collateral of the stomach (胃之大絡 ) has been considered as one of the main collaterals, resulting in an opinion of sixteen main collaterals. We speculate that this is a wrong interpretation of Pyoung-in-gi-sang-lon(平人氣象論 ) of So-mun(素問). 3. Gumi (CV1) is more resonable than Hoeeum(CV14) for the Connecting point of Conception Channel(任脈) 4. Kyung-maek-pyoun (經脈篇) of Yeong-chu (靈樞; divine pivot) did not mention that the collateral of Hand Jueyin (手厥陰絡版) was running to Hand Shaoyang(手少陽經脈), which is considered to be omitted by mistake. 5. Fifteen main collaterals are mostly distributed on the legs and arms, while some are distributed in the internal organs, chest, abdomen, as well as head and five sensory organs.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.44 no.3 s.153
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• pp.248-257
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• 2007

Turbulent flows around a sailing yacht hull were calculated using CFD technique. Grid system was generated by using Gridgen package and Fluent package was used to calculate flows around a 30ft-class yacht hull designed by MOERI. The drafts at starboard and port sides of a yacht. when the hull was heeled, were determined by adjusting the same displacement in the generated grid system. Pressure distribution on the sailing yacht hull was obtained and the changes of drag and side force by heel and leeway variation were shown. The flow calculations have been carried out both with and without free surface, and keel and rudder were included for both cases. It was found that the calculated results with free surface gives better agreement with experiments than those without free surface, although there are still a room for the improvement in correct prediction of forces.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 2015

Intraosseous lipoma is a benign tumor that originates from proliferating mature lipocytes. It often occurs in the metaphysis of long bones of the lower extremity, and also in the calcaneus, humerus, mandible, sacrum, and rib bones. Frequently, it involutes spontaneously through a process of infarction, calcification, and cyst formation. It can either present as pain, or be asymptomatic and only discovered through an incidental radiological finding. In our case, the patient presented with heel pain. Intraoperatively, it was found that the intraosseous cavity was filled with fat along with an adjacent but separate area of cystic degeneration. There was also a cortical perforation at the cystic lesion which was communicating with the subtalar joint. This cortical breach is most likely the cause of diffuse lateral heel pain experienced by our patient, and such a pathological fracture due to intraosseous lipoma has never been reported.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2013

Objective: This paper analyzes the changes on stride parameters, joint angles, and trajectories of the body parts due to high heels during walking and explains the causal relationship between the changes and high heels. Background: This study aims to indicate the comprehensive gait changes by high heels on the whole body for women wearing high heels and researchers interested in high-heeled walking. Method: The experiment was designed in which two different shoe heel heights were used for walking (1cm, 9.8cm), and twelve women participated in the test. In the experiment, 35 points on the body were tracked to extract the stride parameters, joint angles, and trajectories of the body parts. Results: Double support time increased, but stride length decreased in high-heeled walking. The knee inflexed more at stance phase and the spine rotation became more severe. The trajectories of the pelvis, the trunk and the head presented outstanding fluctuations in the vertical direction. Conclusion: The double support time and the spine rotation were changed to compensate instability by high heels. Reduced range of motion of the ankle joint influenced on the stride length, the knee flexion, and fluctuations of the body parts. Application: This study can provide an insight of the gait changes by high heels through the entire body.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.103-116
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• 2016

The location of BL61 has commonly known as directly under the BL60 (Gollyun) which is at the lateral side of the heel. SP2 is located at the front of the big toe joint and SP3 is located at the rear of the big toe joint. These locations are the same with the standard acupuncture points of the WHO/WPRO. However, according to Chimgeumdongin (鍼金銅人), BL61 is located at the center of calcaneal tuberosity, which is close to the bottom of the heel, not at the side. SP2 is located at the rear of the big toe joint, not at the front. SP3 is located at the rear of sesamoid bone, not at the rear of the big toe joint. These can be also found in Douningyou (銅人形) c-544 with the same locations. Moreover, these locations are precisely equal in reference to the acupuncture classics such as < Zhenjiujiayijing : 鍼灸甲乙經 >, < Buzhutongrenjing : 補註銅人經 >, whereas the descriptions of the standard acupuncture points of the WHO/WPRO and the locations of acupuncture points in Zhenjiutongren (鍼灸銅人), Zhinjiuxueweitongren (鍼灸穴位銅人) are totally different from the acupuncture classics. Therefore, there needs to be further examinations on WHO/WPRO Standard Acupuncture Point with various acupuncture bronze men.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.479-486
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of high-heeled shoe on the quiet standing and gait balance. Twenty women (mean height: $161.6{\pm}3.3\;cm$, mean body mass: $53.8{\pm}6.3\;kg$, mean age: $23.8{\pm}2.7$ yrs..) who were without history or complain of lower limb pain took part in this study. They were asked to stand quietly on a force platform for 30 sec and walk on it at their preferred walking speed (mean speed $3.14{\pm}0.5\;km/hr$.) with wearing three different high-heeled shoe, 3, 7, 9 cm high for collecting data. Data were randomly recorded to collect two trials for quiet standing and five trials for walking The parameters to have been analyzed for comparison between three conditions of the height of high-heeled shoe were COP(Center of Pressure) range, COP velocity, sway area, and free moment on the static balance and COP range, COP velocity, and free moment on the dynamic balance. In this study, high-heel height affected on the COP range and velocity in the ante-posterior direction during walking, dynamic balance, but didn't affect on the quiet standing, static balance.