• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2022

In today's civilization, it can be impossible to prevent disasters that cause large-scale human and material harm, and the environmental industry is not excepted from this. Over the last 50 years, several large and small environmental health catastrophes have occurred in Korea. Notable instances include the phenol pollution accident in the Nakdong River, the Hebei Spirit oil spill in Taean, Chungcheongnam-do, and the humidifier disinfectant disaster. Looking at these instances, it is clear that the government failed to prevent similar incidents and accidents after the tragedies. The government created and executed different policies to prevent such incidents and accidents, but the majority of them were highly fragmented. It is understandable that depending on the political and social level of the society in which the environmental health hazard incident/accident happened, the investigation of the cause, countermeasures, and policy reaction may differ. To put it another way, the more authoritarian and non-democratic a political social system is, the more likely it is to cover up occurrences and accidents without a deep examination. This is in line with the members of society's level of political awareness and acknowledgment of the importance of life and safety. In 1985, when the Onsan pollution disease was discovered, and in 2011, when we recognized the realities of the humidifier disinfectant disaster, South Korea's political and social systems were entirely different.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.53-59
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• 2020

Initial response is important in marine oil spills, such as the Hebei Spirit oil spill, but it is very difficult to predict the movement of oil out of the ocean, where there are many variables. In order to solve this problem, the forecasting of oil spill has been carried out by expanding the particle prediction, which is an existing study that studies the movement of floats on the sea using the data of the float. In the ocean data format HDF5, the current and wind velocity data at a specific location were extracted using bilinear interpolation, and then the movement of numerous points was predicted by particles and the results were visualized using polygons and heat maps. In addition, we propose a spill oil particle matching algorithm to compensate for the lack of data and the difference between the spilled oil and movement. The spilled oil particle matching algorithm is an algorithm that tracks the movement of particles by granulating the appearance of surface oil spilled oil. The problem was segmented using principal component analysis and matched using genetic algorithm to the point where the variance of travel distance of effluent oil is minimized. As a result of verifying the effluent oil visualization data, it was confirmed that the particle matching algorithm using principal component analysis and genetic algorithm showed the best performance, and the mean data error was 3.2%.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.712-720
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• 2012

Recently, many problems related on shoreline response to spill oil were exposed again on a occasion of M/T Hebei spirit accident even though the weakness on the shoreline response system has been brought up since M/T Sea Prince oil spill accident. Therefore the establishment of shoreline response system that best suits our country is needed through considering the response system of well-developed country. The socioeconomic conflict between the persons concerned on the clean-up endpoints can be sharpened in Korea because the frequency of coastal use of our country is too high compared to other countries. Thus procedural justification, that is, how the clean-up endpoints be established is more important than what type of clean-up endpoints be used. In the present paper, we attempted to suggest a new manner on the decision making system for clean-up endpoints that best suits our country. The decision making system for clean-up endpoints need to be divided into two steps, that is, set-up step of clean-up endpoints criteria and decision step of clean-up endpoints. The decision making organization of local governments play a key role in case of set-up step of clean-up endpoints criteria, while the response command headquarters under Korean coast guard and decision making organization of local governments codecide whether the clean-up endpoints criteria is fits or not.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.279-283
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• 2009

Approximately 12,547 kL of oil from the tanker 'Hebei Spirit' released into the western sea of Korea, which subsequently reached and covered extensive areas of the western coastlines of Korea. In the following days great numbers of tar balls hit the southwestern coast. Three different cleanup methods were used to mediate the southwestern coastline tar ball pollution by Korea Coast Guard (KCG) net setting, manual pick up, and sweeping them up. Net setting was useful in protecting coastlines from being hit by tar balls. The cold weather in winter conditions helped the tar ball response efforts because it caused them to harden, allowing them to be swept up from beaches and to be gathered up by hand.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.158-171
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• 2018

This TSIG analysis regarding national actions for marine oil spills could be indicated and suggested improvements in the response system could be made based on the present study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.467-475
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• 2013

In order to seize quantitative materials as part of studies on measures for oil pollution prevention and control, the statistics of oil pollution incidents in Korean coastal waters for 10 years from 2003 to 2012 were analyzed with relation to the number of oil spills and the volume of oil spilt according to causes, sources and sea areas of spills. Total number and total volume of oil spills for 10 years were found to be 2,833 cases and 17,877 kL, respectively. 50.4 %(1,429 cases) of total number of oil spills were caused by negligence, although oil spillage due to negligence was 294 kL(1.7 %). While oil spillage caused by marine accidents was 17,400 kL(97.3 %), marine accidents accounted for 27.9 %(790 cases) of total number of oil spills. While negligence had a great influence on the number of oil spills, marine accidents had a huge impact on the amount of oil spilt. Fishing boats accounted for 42.7 %(1,210 cases) of the number of oil spills, and although oil tankers accounted for 9.2 %(261 cases) of the number of oil spills, oil spillage from oil tankers was 15,488kL(86.7 %). It means that oil tankers such as VLCC or ULCC may be the main sources of major oil spills and a few very large spills are responsible for a high percentage of the amount of oil spilt. While the number of oil spill incidents was closely related to the accidents of fishing boats, the volume of oil spilt was greatly affected by the major oil spill incidents of oil tankers such as M/T Hebei Spirit. The number and volume of oil spills were shown to be 1,613 cases(56.9 %) and 3,804 kL(21.3 %) in South Sea, 700 cases(24.7 %) and 13,501 kL(75.5 %) in West Sea, and 520 cases(18.2 %) and 572 kL(3.2 %) in East Sea of Korea, respectively. The highest number of oil spills was found in South Sea and the most volume of oil spilt was shown in West Sea of Korea for 10 years.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.213-216
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• 2009

Since adopting 1969 CLC and 1971 FC, IMO increased maximum amount of compensation by adopting protocols of 1969 CLC and 1971 FC. Recently IMO adopted 2003 Supplementary Fund by which the compensation limits increased dramatically to 750 million SDR. Korea government has only entered 1992CLC/FC. However, since the Hebei Spirit incident in 2007, there have been strong claims that Korea government should enter 2003 Supplementary Fund. In this article, feasibility study was carried out to help Korea government decide whether or not entering the Convention. The quantitative analysis has been carried out using data of the past oil spill accidents and contribution fee to IOPC Fund and showed that the benefit was much bigger than costs. The qualitative analysis in relation to resources fix compensation to victims, benefits of consignee, and the status of Korea in IMO also showed that Korea should ratify the 2003 SF.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2012

Marine scientific monitoring, including monitoring of oil pollution, marine ecosystems, and the marine environment in general, has been being carried out continuously in order to assess the impact of oil pollution since the Hebei Spirit oil spill in December 2007. GIS thematic maps containing visual and summarized information are very useful for conducting exploratory analyses on the spatio-temporal variability of the marine environment and marine ecosystems due to oil pollution. Defining map types and building a legend in accordance with data characteristics are essential elements for mapping. In the present study, map types were defined according to the data attributes and GIS data types for each data item and classification of data intervals for the legend was defined by using two data distribution types through a histogram analysis. The data interval method was defined as follows: If the histogram of data has a uniform distribution, an equal interval method is applied; in the case of a normal distribution, a standard deviation method is applied. In addition, thematic map templates were made for each map type through the definition of marginal elements. Through the establishment of systematic mapping methods and procedures in this study, it was possible to effectively make standardized thematic maps for various kinds of marine scientific data.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.500-507
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• 2017

The study of insect fauna in Taeanhaean National Park in Korea began with the first survey of natural resources in 1996, and then the surveys were conducted seasonally from 2005 to 2014. The surveyed sites were mostly coastal areas, sand dunes, and back grasslands. Insects were collected by sweeping with insect net, suction, pitfall trap, light trap, and Malaise trap. As a result, a total of 1,540 species of 215 families belonging to 17 orders were identified. Lepidoptera was the most populous group at 34.2% and followed by Coleoptera at 28.3%, Hemiptera at 12.7%, Diptera at 8.5%, Hymenoptera at 7.1%, Orthoptera at 4.7%, Odonata at 2.0%, and others. The analysis of change of arenaceous insect fauna before and after the accident by the Hebei Spirit that spilt oil in Taean in December 2007 showed that 45 arenaceous insect species, mostly belonging to Coleoptera, were observed through the whole survey period. The impact of oil spill on the number of arenaceous insect species appearing in the area was minor.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.90-103
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• 2012

Mallipo is a representative beach contaminated by Hebei Spirit oil spill accident in December 2007. This study aims to compare the differences of two seasons (winter and summer) for the spatio-temporal variation patterns of oiling status in the whole area and divided five regions of Mallipo beach. In the whole area, the decreasing rate of average TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbon) in winter was twice greater than summer during four years. According to the spatial variation pattern analysis of oiling status using weighted mean center and weighted standard distance, the oil concentration was clustered on southwestern region in winter, however, the TPH was dispersed in the whole area in summer. Temporal variation pattern of TPH in each of Mallipo's five regions showed that TPH had been consistently decreased in winter, but oil concentration had not been changed in summer since 2009 except the southwestern region. Therefore, in order to evaluate and predict the progress of oiling status, it is needed to analyze the spatio-temporal variation pattern of TPH using spatial analysis after separating data into seasons (e.g., winter and summer). In addition, time series analysis is useful in the regional scales through spatial partitioning rather than the whole beach area for the understanding of temporal variation pattern.