• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.249-255
• /
• 2012

In this study, fosmid cloning strategies were used to assess the microbial populations in water from the International Space Station (ISS) drinking water system (henceforth referred to as Prebiocide and Tank A water samples). The goals of this study were: to compare the sensitivity of the fosmid cloning strategy with that of traditional culture-based and 16S rRNA-based approaches and to detect the widest possible spectrum of microbial populations during the water purification process. Initially, microbes could not be cultivated, and conventional PCR failed to amplify 16S rDNA fragments from these low biomass samples. Therefore, randomly primed rolling-circle amplification was used to amplify any DNA that might be present in the samples, followed by size selection by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The amplified high-molecular- weight DNA from both samples was cloned into fosmid vectors. Several hundred clones were randomly selected for sequencing, followed by Blastn/Blastx searches. Sequences encoding specific genes from Burkholderia, a species abundant in the soil and groundwater, were found in both samples. Bradyrhizobium and Mesorhizobium, which belong to rhizobia, a large community of nitrogen fixers often found in association with plant roots, were present in the Prebiocide samples. Ralstonia, which is prevalent in soils with a high heavy metal content, was detected in the Tank A samples. The detection of many unidentified sequences suggests the presence of potentially novel microbial fingerprints. The bacterial diversity detected in this pilot study using a fosmid vector approach was higher than that detected by conventional 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.87-98
• /
• 2002

This study was conducted to determine nutritional values of different sources of food residues(FR) released in autumn and to compare them with nutrient requirements on NRC standard feeding system of swine. Hospital or cafeteria FR contained more cooked rice and side dishes residues and less vegetable residues and fruit peel, resulting in higher energy and lower fiber contents, compared to apartment complex FR, which had opposite patterns to these results. Chemical composition between hospital and cafeteria FR was almost similar. Salt(NaCl) content was more than 9 folds of NRC swine requirement, but much lower than the maximum tolerant level. Essenial and non-essential amino acids profile was similar among FR sources. Hospital or cafeteria FR protein had a similar pepsin digestibility to soybean meal protein. Apartment complex FR protein, however, had a much lower pepsin digestibility. When NRC nutrient requirements are considered, FR in swine diets could satisfy requirements of protein and all the essential amino acids, 75${\sim}$111% of digestible or metabolizable energy, and most of the major and minor minerals. All the FR contained extremely low levels of toxic heavy metals, indicating that they are completely safe from these toxic substances. It was concluded that hospital or cafeteria FR could be a nutritionally excellent and balanced feed source for swine.

• 자연과학논문집
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.39-44
• /
• 1997

도시하수 슬러지를 경작지에 투입하여 상추를 재배하였을때 그 양분으로서의 효과와 식물체 내의 중금속 축적을 조사하였다. 토양에 질소함량을 기준으로 6개의 처리구로 나누어 슬러지를 투입하여 상추를 재배한 결과는 다음과 같다.질소를 요소로 주입한 대조구에서 슬러지 처리구보다 잎과 뿌리의 길이도 길고 무게도 무거웠다. 슬러지로 처리한 구에서는 슬러지의 투입량이 많아질수록 잎과 뿌리의 길이도 길었고 무게도 무거웠다. 식물체내의 N, K, Ca, Mg는 처리간 차이가 없었고 P의 양은 처리간 차이가 있었다. 상추의 Zn 함량은 슬러지 200%처리구에서 65.8 mg/kg으로 다른 처리구보다는 높았다. 상추의 Zn, Mn, Cd의 축적량은 근채인 알타리 무에 비하여 높았으며, 근채의 잎 부분, 뿌리 부분의 순으로 축적량이 낮았다. 그러나 상추의 Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd 의 축적량도 시중 채소류의 자연 함유량 이내 이었다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
• /
• pp.144-144
• /
• 2017

Micronutrients such as zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) have important roles for development and growth in plants but it also have roles in animals and humans. In previous studies, a Korean weedy rice, KH2J was selected to have tolerance to heavy metal, lead (Pb) compared with a cultivar, Milyang23. To identify QTLs for micronutrients concentration in grain, an F2 population (120 plants) were developed from a cross between KH2J and an indica rice cultivar, Milyang23. To measure the concentration of eight ions, Zn, Fe, Mn, Pb, calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As), grains were collected and digested with 65% nitric acid, and the ion contents were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A total 27 putative quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected on 12 chromosomes by single point analysis and 22 putative QTLs were detected by composite interval mapping. The co-locations of QTL for Zn, Fe and Mn were observed on chromosome 5. The QTLs for Cd, Cu and Zn were co-localized on chromosome 10, and QTLs for Zn, As and Mn was on chromosome 12. The Zn concentration in F2 generation showed significant correlation with concentrations of As (r = -0.4), Cu (r = 0.5) and Fe (r = 0.2) (P < 0.01). Also, the Ca concentration was significantly related with Mn and Fe concentrations (P < 0.01). Fine mapping of these QTLs is underway to analyze their functional relationship.

• 복식문화연구
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.431-439
• /
• 2014

This research verified the usefulness and practicality of citrus peel extract as a natural dye. This study dyed cotton, silk, and cotton/mulberry fiber blended fabrics using citrus peel extract, and measured the dyeability and functional property to verify their usefulness and practicality. The dyeing affinity of the citrus peel extract was measured by dyeing under alkaline conditions to determine the temperature and time for optimal dyeing conditions of the solution. The results show that a temperature and time of $60^{\circ}C$ and 30 minutes were optimal for dyeing cotton fabrics with citrus peel extract, $50^{\circ}C$ and 60 minutes for silk fabrics, and $60^{\circ}C$ and 60 minutes for cotton/mulberry fiber blended fabrics, respectively. In addition the results of measuring the color fastness of the cotton, silk, and cotton/mulberry fiber blended fabrics dyed with the citrus peel extract show that the color fastness was superior for washing, friction, sweat, and water. However, the color fastness for sunlight appeared to be slightly weak. In addition, it was found that fabric dyed with the citrus peel extract showed partial antimicrobial properties. The antimicrobial property appeared the greatest in the silk fabric. The cotton/mulberry fiber blended fabrics had 90% or more Staphylococcus aureus present, but the antimicrobial properties were not high in the cotton fabric. Additionally, the heavy metal content, which is harmful to the human body, appeared to be lower than standard figures, so the dye was found to be innocuous to humans. Therefore, when the results of this study are put together, citrus peel extract is sufficiently useful and practical as an ingredient for a natural dye. Moreover, there is ample possibility to develop citrus peel dyed fabrics as environmentally friendly fashion materials.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제50권4호
• /
• pp.352-358
• /
• 2017

The object of this study is to assess physicochemical and microbiological hazards involved during the processing of shellfish products such as oysters, clam, and mussels. Samples including raw materials, intermediates, and final products in the processing process were collected from seven simple-processed shellfish facilities. In the samples obtained from the facilities, viable cell count and coliform group were detected less than that of the Korean Government guidelines. In addition, the high-risk bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella sp., and Listeria monocytogenes were not identified in raw materials and final products. However, the low-risk pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, were detected in some final products. The level of heavy metal content in the final products tested in this study meets the recommendations by the Korean Government standard guidelines. No foreign materials in the final products were also observed. Considering these results, it was concluded that no significant food hazards exists in the processing process of simple-processed shellfish products. However, it is essential to improve the food safety control in the shellfish processing facilities since S. aureus, a personal sanitary indicative bacterium, was continuously detected over seven simple-processed shellfish facilities.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.69-79
• /
• 1996

Primary culture of cerebellar neuronal cells derived from 8-day old Long-Evans rats was used. Pure granule cells, astrocytes or mixed cells culture systems were prepared. These cells were differentiated and developed synaptic connections. And the astrocytes were identified by immunostaining with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Methamphetamine (MAP), which acts on dopaminergic system and cadmium (Cd), a toxic heavy metal, were applied and biochemical assays and electrophysiological studies were performed. $LC_50$ values estimated by MTT assay of MAP and Cd were 3 mM and 2$\mu M$ respectively. Cells were treated with 1 mM or 2 mM MAP and 1$\mu M$ $CdCl_2$ for 48 hour, and the incubation media were analyzed for the content of released LDH. MAP (2 mM) and Cd significantly increased the LDH release. Cell viability was decreased in both groups and some cytopathological changes like cell swelling or vacuolization were seen. The cerebellar granule cells were used for measuring membrane currents using whole-cell clamp technique. Sodium and potassium currents were not affected by MAP neither Cd, but calcium current was significantly reduced by Cd but not affected by MAP. Therefore, in vitro neurotoxicity test system using neuronaI cells and astrocytes cultures were established and can be used in screening of potential neurotoxic chemicals.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.331-339
• /
• 2008

본 연구는 반추가축에 있어서 단백질 Bypass처리가 광물질의 체내이용에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 반추위 Cannula를 장착한 면양 3두에 나이론백 실험방법을 이용하여 사양시험을 실시하였다. 시험사료로는 대두박과 채종박을 사용하였으며, 본 시험사료에 가열($133^{\circ}C$, $143^{\circ}C$) 처리와 포름알데이드(0.3%, 0.5%)처리를 하고 나이론 백을 사용하여 반추위내에서 배양한 후 Phytate와 P, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Cu에 대해 각 항목의 반추위내의 소실율을 구하였다. 시험결과에 의하면 대두박과 채종박에 대한 단백질 Bypass처리는 Phytate를 포함한 모든 광물질에서 단백질 Bypass 처리의 강도가 높아짐에 따라 반추위내의 각 광물질의 소실율이 유의하게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 그리고 각 광물질간의 비교에서 Cu, Zn, Ca의 소실율이 타광물질에 비하여 낮은 경향을 보여 특히 본 광물질의 이용성 감소가 예상된다. 이상의 결과로 반추가축에 있어서 이용률이 매우 높은 것으로 알려진 Phytate는 단백질 Bypass처리를 함으로써 Phytate와 결합되어 사료내에 존재하는 광물질의 반추위내의 분해 율을 감소시켜 반추가축에 있어서의 광물질 부족 및 분으로의 배설 증가로 인한 토양의 오염증가가 예상된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제50권6호
• /
• pp.623-633
• /
• 2017

Food waste has been recognized as a organic sources for composting and many research was conducted to efficiently utilize or treat. This study was to evaluate a feasibility for producing food waste compost under co-composting with mixture of food and animal waste. The mixing ratio of food and animal waste was 35% as main material, which additionally mixed 30% of sawdust for co-composting. Total days of composting experiment were 84 days and each sub samples were collected at every 7 days from starting of composting. Results showed that inner temperature in composting was rapidly increased to $70{\pm}4^{\circ}C$ within 3~5 days depending on mixing animal waste of cattle, pig, and chicken base compared to sole food waste base. Expecially, the CN ratio in the mixture of food and pig water was the highest (16.2) among compost. After finishing composting experiment, maturity was evaluated with solvita and germination test. Maturity index (MI) of the mixture of food and animal waste was ranged between 6~7, but was 3 in sole food waste. Calculated germination index (GI) was at the range of about 100 irrespectively of mixing of food and animal waste. However, NaCl content and heavy metal as Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn contents was increased in the mixture of food and animal waste. which was the highest in compost mixed the food and pig waste. Both MI and GI showed that manufactured fertilizer was suitable for fertilizer criteria while sole food waste was not adequate for composting due to composting periods. Overall, mixing the food and animal waste can be utilized for improving compost maturity, but more research should be conducted to make high quality of food waste compost with animal waste in agricultural fields.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제26권1C호
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2006

불포화 자연토에서의 E/K 영향 인자별 정화 특성을 예측하기 위해 지배방정식을 확립하였고, 유한차분해석 기법의 적용을 위한 정식화를 수행하였다. 유한차분화된 지배방정식을 사용하여 HERO를 개발하였고, 개발된 프로그램을 기존 문헌에 제시된 결과에 대하여 검증하였다. 검증 완료된 HERO를 이용하여 불포화 자연토의 E/K 정화 특성을 예측한 결과, 전압경사 1V/cm의 조건에서 전류효율의 변화로 인하여 포화도에 따른 양극(兩極) 저수조 전해질의 pH에는 큰 변화가 없었다. 포화도가 증가할수록 산전선의 이동거리는 증가하는 것으로 나타났지만, 염기전선의 이동은 큰 변화를 보이지 않았다. 또한, 시료내 잔류 납 농도로부터 산정된 포화도별 제거율은 포화도가 증가할수록 감소하는 것으로 나타났지만, 포화도가 최적 함수비에 해당되는 약 83% 이상이 되면 큰 변화를 보이지 않는 것으로 예측되었다.