• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.1101-1107
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• 2014

중이온 입자가속기는 중이온을 radio frequency (RF) 주파수로 가속하는 장치이다. RF 공동부에 인가된 전기장은 입력된 RF 파에 의해 전자기파의 위상에 맞춰 중이온을 연속적으로 가속한다. 이를 위해서는 안정적으로 RF 파를 공동부 내부에 전달할 수 있는 커플러의 형상설계가 요구된다. 중이온 가속기에서의 RF 커플러는 입력부와 RF 주파수의 파를 방출하는 커플러 양 끝단 간의 온도차이가 매우 크다. 이 온도차를 극복하기 위해선 초저온(약 0K)부터 상온 간(약 300K)의 열 변형을 고려한 해석 및 설계기술이 필요하다. 본 연구는 RF 커플러의 구조에 따른 출력 전기장의 세기와 온도 분포, 열 손실과 열 변형을 고려한 내구도 분석을 통해 성능 향상을 위한 방안들을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 하였다.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.145-149
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• 2015

A newly designed Tissue Equivalent Proportional Counter (TEPC) has been developed for the CubeSat mission, SIGMA (Scientific cubesat with Instruments for Global Magnetic field and rAdiation) to investigate space radiation. In order to test the performance of the TEPC, we have performed heavy ion beam experiments with the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC), Japan. In space, human cells can be exposed to complex radiation sources, such as X-ray, Gamma ray, energetic electrons, protons, neutrons and heavy charged particles in a huge range of energies. These generate much a larger range of Linear Energy Transfer (LET) than on the ground and cause unexpected effects on human cells. In order to measure a large range of LET, from 0.3 to $1,000keV/{\mu}m$, we developed a compact TEPC which measures ionized particles produced by collisions between radiation sources and tissue equivalent materials in the detector. By measuring LET spectra, we can easily derive the equivalent dose from the complicated space radiation field. In this HIMAC experiment, we successfully obtained the linearity response for the TEPC with Fe 500 MeV/u and C 290 MeV/u beams and demonstrated the performance of the active radiation detector.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.36-40
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• 2015

Electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source is an essential component of heavy-ion accelerator. For a given design, the intensities of the highly charged ion beams extracted from the source can be increased by enlarging the physical volume of ECR zone [1]. Several models for ECR ion source were and will be constructed depending on their operating conditions [2-4]. In this paper three simulation models with 3, 4 and 6 solenoid system were built, but it's not considered anything else except the number of coils. Two groups of optimization analysis are presented, and the evolution strategy (ES) is adopted as an optimization tool which is a technique based on the ideas of mutation, adaptation and annealing [5]. In this research, the volume of ECR zone was calculated approximately, and optimized designs for ECR solenoid magnet system were presented. Firstly it is better to make the volume of ECR zone large to increase the intensity of ion beam under the specific confinement field conditions. At the same time the total volume of superconducting solenoids must be decreased to save material. By considering the volume of ECR zone and the total length of solenoids in each model with different number of coils, the 6 solenoid system represented the highest coil performance. By the way, a certain case, ECR zone volume itself can be essential than the cost. So the maximum ECR zone volume for each solenoid magnet system was calculated respectively with the same size of the plasma chamber and the total magnet space. By comparing the volume of ECR zone, the 6 solenoid system can be also made with the maximum ECR zone volume.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.295-300
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• 2015

현재 우리나라는 포항방사광가속기와 국립암센터의 양성자 치료용 가속기와 경주 양성자 가속기가 운영되고 있고 중이온 가속기, 4세대 방사광가속기 등 대형가속기 시설이 건설 중에 있다. 이들 시설에서 고에너지로 가속된 입사입자는 표적물질과 상호작용 후 2차 중성자를 발생시키고, 이 중성자는 가속기 구조물 및 주변 콘크리트, 토양, 지하수 등을 방사화 시킨다. 따라서 이러한 가속기 시설의 안전적 측면을 고려할 때 방사화를 일으키는 중성자의 차폐가 중요하다. 본 연구는 차폐해석에 사용되는 몬테카를로 코드 중 MCNPX를 이용하여 $^{12}C$ beam빔과 표적물질(Cu)과의 상호작용 후 생성되는 중성자를 계산하고, 그 중성자의 철 차폐체와 콘크리트 차폐체의 두께별 투과 후 스펙트럼을 MCNPX의 JENDL/HE 07과 la150을 이용해 비교하여 계산하였다. 빔의 방향과 차폐체의 종류 및 두께에 따라 그 결과를 실험값과 비교하여 검증함으로써 핵자료의 특성을 확인하였으며 향후 대형가속기시설의 선량평가용 기반기술로 활용하고자 하였다.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.43-46
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• 2015

The heavy ion accelerator that will be built in Daejeon utilizes four types of superconducting cavities. Cryomodules holding the superconducting cavities in them supply thermal insulation for cavities operating in 4.3 K or 2.1 K. A Prototype of cryomodule which holds two HWR (Half Wave Resonator) cavities was fabricated and tested. Since the operating temperature of the HWR is 2.1 K, the superfluid helium was generated with warm vacuum pumping system. The cyromodule was successfully cooled down below lambda point temperature of helium and any detectable leak was not observed during the test. The static thermal load at 4.2 K was measured. The result and the experience for the cool-down below lambda point of helium are reported in this paper.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2014

The heavy ion accelerator that will be built in Daejeon, Korea utilizes superconducting cavities operating in 2 K. The cavities are QWR (quarter wave resonator), HWR (half wave resonator), SSR1 (sing spoke resonator1) and SSR2. The main role of the cryomodule is supplying thermal insulation for cryogenic operation of the cavities and maintaining cavities' alignment. Thermal and structural consideration such as thermal load by heat leak and heat generation, cryogenic fluid management, thermal contraction, and so on. This paper describes detailed design considerations and current results have being done including thermal load estimation, cryogenic flow piping, pressure relief system, and so on.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2005년도 Proceedings of The 6th korea-china joint workshop on nuclear waste management
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• pp.76-85
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• 2005

The conceptual study of Accelerator Driven System (ADS) had lasted for about five years and ended in 1999 in China. As one project of 'the major state basic research program (973)' in energy domain, which is sponsored by the China Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), a five years program of basic research for ADS physics and related technology has been launched since 2000 and passed national review last month. CIAE (China Institute of Atomic Energy), IHEP (Institute of High Energy Physics), PKU-IHIP (Institute of Heavy Ion Physics in Peking University) and other institutions are jointly carrying on the research. The research activities are focused on HPPA physics and technology, reactor physics of external source driven sub-critical assembly, nuclear data base and material study. For HPPA, a high current injector consisting of an ECR ion source, LEBT and a RFQ accelerating structure of 3.5MeV has been built. In reactor physics study, a series of neutron multiplication experimental study has been carried out and is being carrying on. The VENUS facility has been constructed as the basic experimental platform for the neutronics study in ADS blanket. It's a zero power sub-critical neutron multiplying assembly driven by external neutron produced by a pulsed neutron generator. The theoretical, experimental and simulation study on nuclear data, material properties and nuclear fuel circulation related to ADS is carrying on to provide the database for ADS system analysis. The main results on ADS related researches will be reported.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.222-228
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• 2016

Background: We are developing a small size dosimeter for dose estimation in particle therapies. The developed dosimeter is an optical fiber based dosimeter mounting an radiation induced luminescence material, such as an OSL or a scintillator, at a tip. These materials generally suffer from the quenching effect under high LET particle irradiation. Materials and Methods: We fabricated two types of the small size dosimeters. They used an OSL material Eu:BaFBr and a BGO scintillator. Carbon ions were irradiated into the fabricated dosimeters at Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC). The small size dosimeters were set behind the water equivalent acrylic phantom. Bragg peak was observed by changing the phantom thickness. An ion chamber was also placed near the small size dosimeters as a reference. Results and Discussion: Eu:BaFBr and BGO dosimeters showed a Bragg peak at the same thickness as the ion chamber. Under high LET particle irradiation, the response of the luminescence-based small size dosimeters deteriorated compared with that of the ion chamber due to the quenching effect. We confirmed the luminescence efficiency of Eu:BaFBr and BGO decrease with the LET. The reduction coefficient of luminescence efficiency was different between the BGO and the Eu:BaFBr. The LET can be determined from the luminescence ratio between Eu:BaFBr and BGO, and the dosimeter response can be corrected. Conclusion: We evaluated the LET dependence of the luminescence efficiency of the BGO and Eu:BaFBr as the quenching effect. We propose and discuss the correction of the quenching effect using the signal intensity ratio of the both materials. Although the correction precision is not sufficient, feasibility of the proposed correction method is proved through basic experiments.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.272-278
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• 2008

The carbon-ion beam (CIB) generated by the heavy-ion medical accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) was targeted to 7-day-old rice. Physiological parameters such as growth, and gene expression profiles were examined immediately after CIB irradiation. Dose-dependent growth suppression was seen three days post-irradiation (PI), and all the irradiated plants died by 15 days PI. Microarray (Agilent rice 22K) analysis of the plants immediately after irradiation (iai) revealed effects on gene expression at 270 Gy; 353 genes were up-regulated and 87 down-regulated. Exactly the same set of genes was affected at 90 Gy. Among the highly induced genes were genes involved in information storage and processing, cellular processes and signaling, and metabolism. RT-PCR analysis confirmed the microarray data.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.344-349
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• 2016

Background: Carbon ion therapy has achieved satisfactory results. However, patients have a risk to get a secondary cancer. In order to estimate the risk, it is essential to understand particle transportation and nuclear reactions in the patient's body. The particle transport Monte Carlo simulation code is a useful tool to understand them. Since the code validation for heavy ion incident reactions is not enough, the experimental data of the elementary reaction processes are needed. Materials and Methods: We measured neutron production double-differential cross-sections (DDXs) on a carbon bombarded with 430 MeV/nucleon carbon beam at PH2 beam line of HIMAC facility in NIRS. Neutrons produced in the target were measured with NE213 liquid organic scintillators located at six angles of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and $90^{\circ}$. Results and Discussion: Neutron production double-differential cross-sections for carbon bombarded with 430 MeV/nucleon carbon ions were measured by the time-of-flight method with NE213 liquid organic scintillators at six angles of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and $90^{\circ}$. The cross sections were obtained from 1 MeV to several hundred MeV. The experimental data were compared with calculated results obtained by Monte Carlo simulation codes PHITS, Geant4, and FLUKA. Conclusion: PHITS was able to reproduce neutron production for elementary processes of carbon-carbon reaction precisely the best of three codes.