• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.45-52
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• 1994

This study was performed to investigate the contents of six heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) with respect to the particle sizes and depths in sediment collected at nine sites of the lower Kumho river. The mean Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn contents in sediment of all sites ranged from 1.59~5.32 mg/kg, 17.4~301.7 mg/kg, 23.2~399.9 mg/kg, 9.48~116.8 mg/kg, 31.1~294.1 mg/kg and 74.2~964.3 mg/kg, respectively. The highest heavy metal contents was generally found to be Zn and lowest was Cd. The mean contents of heavy metal by particle sizes (1.0~0.5, 0.5~ 0.25, <0.25 mm)was the highest in particle sizes less than 0.25 mm, but the coefficients of variation was lowest in particle sizes less than 0.25 mm. Mean contents and coefficient of variation by depths (0~5 cm, 5~10 cm, 10~15 cm) were generally found to be higher in the upper parts of sediment than in the lower parts of sediment. Organic substances were found to be higher as the particle sizes become more small. Moreover, contents of heavy metal increased with the amounts of organic substances in sediment.

• 공업화학
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.692-697
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 바닥재에 CaO와 $Al_2O_3$를 중량비로 각각 10~40% (W/W)로 첨가 후 7일 및 28일을 양생시킨 다음 중금속 용출 저감 효율에 대한 영향 등을 연구하였다. 실험결과, 7일 양생 기간에서는 구리 69.3%, 납 52.1%의 중금속 저감 효율을 보였다. 28일 양생 시에는 구리 85.2%, 납 100% 제거 효율을 보였다. 위 실험결과 양생 시간이 길어질수록 높은 중금속 저감 효율을 보이는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.569-574
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• 2005

In this study, alginic acid that had an high affinity for a heavy metal and was noted for biological adsorbent was modified by an oxidizer, $KMnO_4$. Chemical modification changed hydroxyl of the alginic acid into carboxyl and compare with alginic acid, modified alginic acid exhibited a characteristics that carboxyl groups are comparatively high. For the use of them as an adsorbent, beads were prepared by dropping alginic acid and modified alginic acid solution in dilute 2 wt% $CaCl_2$ solution for non water soluble. The amount of removed $Cu^{2+}$ and $Pb^{2+}$ by modified alginic acid beads showed 84.7 mg and 90.9 mg per gram of beads, respectively. And it showed the amount of adsorbed heavy metal ions 10~20% higher than that of alginic acid beads in range of pH 4~7. In particular, modified alginic acid have a good adsorption capacity for $Cu^{2+}$ and $Pb^{2+}$ by Freundlich adsorption isotherm. According to this study, it is verified that alginic acid that is a nature high molecular substance improved capacity for actual application by increased heavy metal adsorption capacity by chemical modification.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.647-652
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the heavy metal removal and biomass productivity in the Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) using eggshell and microalgae. The experiment was operated 6 days in the eggshell and microalgae hybrid system, and using eggshell powder and microalgae as Chlorella vulgaris. The obtained result indicated that the biomass productivity of 2.82 g/L/d from 1.12 g/L initial concentration in 6 days was reached with light transmittance of 97% at a 305 mm depth in the optical panel photobioreactor (OPPBR). The total removal efficiency of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and Cd was found to be 98.92%, 99.91%, 98.78%, 88.99% and 98.00% in the AMD using eggshell and Chlorella vulgaris hybrid system, respectively. Additionally, there were significant relationships between biomass and concentration of each heavy metal ($R^2$ = 0.8771, 0.8643, 0.8669, 0.9134 and 0.6277 for Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and Cd). These results indicated that the eggshell and microalgae hybrid system was highly effective for heavy metal removal when compared to the conventional biological process in the AMD. Therefore, the eggshell and microalgae hybrid system was effective for heavy metal removal and biomass productivity and can be applied to treat AMD in treatment plant.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2004

Hair driers and chemicals used in beauty shops generate a number of heavy metals and $PM_{10}$. Also many $PM_{10}$ are produced during hair cut. The pollutions raised health problems and uncomfortableness to hair dressers and customers in beauty shops. This study investigated to assess indoor, outdoor and personal particulate pollutants ($PM_{10}$ and Heavy metals) mean concentrations and the source of the pollutants in beauty shops. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The measured mean concentrations of respiratory particulates were $30.5ng/m^2$ in indoor, $30.5ng/m^2$ in outdoor and$44.0ng/m^2$ on personal levels. The personal concentration was found higher than indoor and outdoor concentrations. 2. The heavy metals mean concentrations were showed as indoor (Na>Zn>Cr), outdoor (Cr>Zn>Pb), and personal (Na>Cr>Zn) levels. 3. Chemicals and hair driers were regarded as the major sources of the pollutions. 4. Na was correlated with Mg, Zn and Cd, while Mg was correlated with Ni. Mn was correlated with Cu, Zn and AS, where as Cu was correlated with Zn, As and Cd. Zn and As, and Asand Cd were correlated each other. Na was inversely correlated with Cr.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2007

This research was conducted to estimate the effect of sonication and reducing agent addition on soil washing of heavy metals-contaminated soil. Sonication trained in soil washing did not significantly increased extraction efficiency of heavy metal compared to soil washing only. The extraction efficiency of sonication trained in soil washing was 12% increased for Pb in 0.01M EDTA leaching solution. Pb and Cd showed higher extraction efficiency in case of reducing agent treatment with mechanical shaking than that with sonication. However, the extraction efficiency of Cu and Zn in case of reducing agent treatment with sonication was over 2 times higher than that in with soil washing. Therefore, application of reducing agent addition with sonication or mechanical shaking should be decided differently for pretreatment of soil washing, according to the kind of heavy metal. It was estimated that sonication after adding reducing agent could increase removal efficiency of Zn or Cu-contaminated soil and shorten the treatment time.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2009

현재 가동 중인 생활폐기물 소각시설이 약 35여개소 정도 있으며, 폐기물관리 정책에 따라 폐기물을 효율적으로 재활용하고 발생을 최소화하기 위하여 폐기물 발생억제, 감량, 재이용, 재활용, 에너지 회수를 포괄하는 개념으로 소각을 통해 최종처리되는 폐기물을 최소화하려는 정책이다. 하지만, 소각 후에 발생하는 소각재에서 일부 항목(Cu, Pb)의 중금속용출이 기준치를 초과하는 것으로 나타나 커다란 사회적 문제가 제기되어 이에 대한 대책방안을 모색하게 되었다. 소각재에 포함된 중금속인 유해물질을 용출 확산되지 않도록 소각재에 대한 화학약품처리 방식인 중금속 용출억제제를 혼합하여 용출되지 않도톡 안정화시설을 개발하여 2차 환경오염의 확산억제외 바닥재 함유 중금속의 안정화 효율을 증대된 것으로 조사되었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.826-833
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• 2005

식물 비생육지 토양의 깊이별 중금속 함량은 S1지점의 경우 1996년 오염토양 개선사업으로 S1지점 바로 위에다 남은 광미를 복토함으로써 광미 중금속이 강우에 의해 용탈되어 토양에 축적되기 때문에 오염되고 있는 것으로 판단되었고 S2지점은 오염토양 개선사업의 효과로서 표토에서 Zn과 Pb가 토양오염 우려기준을 초과하지 않았으며 Pb의 경우 $30\∼50cm$에서 토양오염 우려기준을 초과한 것은 광맥의 영향 때문이며 구리의 경우는 광산의 채광물로서 오염 정도가 심각하였다. 생육지 토양의 중금속 함량은 같은 표고상에 위치한 광산 위 지점(SP1, SP2, SP3)에서 볼 때 SP1지점에서는 Zn의 함량이 537.5 mg/kg로 가장 높았고, SP3지점에서는 Cu와 Pb의 함량이 가장 높았는데 이는 폐광산에 복토 사업을 했더라도 아직 토양 복원이 완전히 이루어지지 않아 강우와 풍화에 의한 광미의 영향 때문인 것으로 생각되며 SP2지점은 다른 지점보다 지대가 높아 광미의 영향을 적게 받는 것으로 생각된다. 식물체내의 중금속 함량은 차즈기>쑥>억새>살갈퀴 순으로 조사되었고 식물에 의한 연간 중금속 제거율 역시 차즈기가 가장 좋은 것으로 조사되었다. 특히 차즈기는 다량의 중금속이 축적되어 있고 중금속 오염 지역에 내성이 있는 지표종으로 생각될 수 있으며 본 식물의 중금속 축적 능력에 대한 더 많은 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.412-420
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• 1999

하수오니 처리 석회질 토양에서의 Cd, Cu 및 Zn의 수송 특성을 조사하기 위하여 하수오니 무처리 토양, 하수오니 50과 100 ton $ha^{-1}$ 처리 토양 및 하수 오니를 대상으로 용출현상 (elution development)과 혼성치환 (miscible displacement) 기술을 이용하여 실험을 수행하였다. 하수오니 50과 100 ton $ha^{-1}$처리 토양의 Cd, Cu 및 Zn 의 용출곡선 (elution curve)과 출현곡선 (breakthrough curve)은 하수오니 무처리 토양의 Cd, Cu 및 Zn의 용출곡선 및 출현곡선과 거의 비슷하였다. Cd, Cu, 및 Zn 10 mg을 처리한 Cd, Cu 및 Zn의 용출곡선은 Cd, Cu 및 Zn을 처리하지 않았을 때의 용출곡선과는 거의 비슷하였으나, Cd, Cu 및 Zn의 50 mg을 처리한 용출곡선과는 크게 달랐다. Cd, Cu 및 Zn 혼합용액 500과 $1000mg\;L^{-1}$을 이용한 Cd, Cu 및 Zn의 출현곡선은 서로 비슷하였으나, Cd, Cu 및 Zn 혼합용액 $100mg\;L^{-1}$을 이용한 출현곡선과는 크게 달랐다. 실험에 사용한 석회질 토양에서 하수오니 50과 100 ton $ha^{-1}$ 처리량은 Cd, Cu 및 Zn의 수송특성에 큰 영향을 주지 못하였으며, Cd와 Zn의 수송특성은 서로 비슷하였으나 Cu의 수송특성은 Cd 과 Zn의 수송 특성과는 크게 달랐다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.71-79
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• 1999

The Hg, Cd, Cu, Mn, and Zn in bottom sediments of han river and their tributaries were analyzed to evaluate the seasonal variations of heavy metals. Leaching tests were also performed for estimation of availability of heavy metal retention in sediments. Sediments of Anyang stream showed the highest concentration of heavy metal in the sediment samples. Heavy metal concentration was heavily depended upon the heavy metal source of tributaries of han river and particle distribution. Clay and silt had higher concentration of heavy metals than very fine san and fine sand due to difference of retention capability of heavy metal. The highest concentration of heavy metal was observed in bottom sediments irrespective of sites investigated. Heavy metals and ignition loss showed positive relations, and higher relationships with p-value <0.01 were observed between copper and lead. copper and zinc, and depended on the pH condition of leaching test, and leachated fraction increased with decrease of the pH.