• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 1995

Purpose: The enhanced cytotoxic effect of combined treatment of hyper-thermia and chemotherapy by increasing intracellular acidity with HMA was investigated. Materials and Methods: FSall tumor cells were injected on the hindlegs of female $C_3H$ mice. When the tumor volume reached about 200mm3, experiments were performed on the groups classified as follows: Group I :Control, Group II : Melphalan alone (2.5mg/kg, 5mg/kg, 10mg/kg, 15mg/kg), Group III : Heat alone $(42.5^{\cdot}C$ for 1 hour) Group IV : Melphalan + Heat $(42.5^{\cdot}C$ for 1 hour), Group V : HMA(10mg/kg) + Melphalan(5.0mg/kg) + Heat$(42.5^{\cdot}C$ for 1hour). Each group included 8-12 mice on each experiment HMA (3-amino-6-chloro-5-(1-homopiperidyl )-N-(diaminomethylene) -c-pyrazinecarboxamide), an analog of amiloride which increases intracellular pH(pHi) was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMS) and injected into the tumor-bearing mice through the tail vein. 10mg/kg of HMA and each dose of melphalan were injected into peritoneum of the tumor-bearing mice 30 minutes before heating. Tumor growth delay was calculated when the tumor volme reached at $1500mm^3$ Excision assay was performed on each group and repeated 2-4 times. Results : Tumor growth delay of each experimental groups at $1500mm^3$ were 9, 10, 13 and 19 days respectively. In vivo-in vitro excision assay using FSall tumor cells, the cytotoxicity of each experimental groups was $1.2{\times}10^7,\;1{\times}10^7,\;6{\times}10^6,\;1.7{\times}10^6\;and\;1{\times}10^5$ clonogenic cells/gm respectively When HMA was added to the combined treatment of heat and .chemotherapy, the tumor growth was delayed more than combined treatment without HMA i.e., 6 days tumor growth delay at $1500mm^3$ of tumor volume. Conclusion: The combined effect of cytotoxicity by heat and chemotherapy can be much more enhanced by HMA.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.42-46
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• 2003

유기산을 이용한 카라기난 분해물의 제조 조건을 검색한 결과, 10$0^{\circ}C$ 이하의 온도는 카라기난을 올리고당의 형태로 분해시킬 수 있는 조건이 아니었다. 반면, 11$0^{\circ}C$와 12$0^{\circ}C$ 온도 조건은 유기산의 종류와 농도에 따라서는 카라기난을 올리고당화할 수 있는 조건이었으나, 분해율이 알긴산이나 한천에 비해 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 마이크로파 처리나 초음파 처리는 카라기난을 분해하는데 유효한 처리 방법이 아니라는 것을 알 수 있었다. 유기산 종류 및 농도, 처리시간에 따라 분해율은 약간의 차이를 보였는데, 전체적으로 유기산의 농도가 높고 처리 시간이 길수록 분해율이 높았다. 12$0^{\circ}C$ 온도 조건에서는 처리시간 90분 이후로는 유기산 농도 0.5%와 0.7%는 큰 차이가 없었으며, citrate나 malate가 적절한 유기산으로 판단되었고, 분해율과 올리고당의 생성 정도를 고려할 때, 유기산의 농도는 0.5%가 적절한 것으로 확인되었다. 11$0^{\circ}C$이상의 온도에서 얻어진 분해물의 TLC 상의 형태는 유기산의 종류에 따라 다소 차이가 있었으며, 분해 온도가 높을수록 이동도가 큰 저분자 획분이 많이 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. TLC 상에 나타난 획분의 평균 중합도가 5~7 정도인 것으로 보아 올리고당류로 판단된다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2007

This is a case study for improving the sound environmental quality of cafeteria in university campus. The purpose of the study is to find out the present condition of physical level, type, and cause of indoor noise of cafeteria in university campus by comparison with a restaurant near campus. Research methods were field survey and questionnaire survey. Field survey was consisted of measurement on equivalent and instant noise level and observation on noise type. Respondents of questionnaire survey were 60 students using subject cafeteria or restaurant. Surveys were carried out in the 8th and in the 14th of December 2005. The results are as follows. 1) Indoor noise levels of the cafeteria were measured as $67.2{\sim}76.6$ (average 73.3) dB(A)Leq5min and $60.3{\sim}90.5$ (average 71.2) dB (A), exceeded the indoor noise recommended value of ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers). But noise levels of the restaurant were $61.6{\sim}70.4$ (average 66.9) dB(A)Leq5min and $59.8{\sim}70.6$ (average 64.9) dB(A). 2) The users's responses on major noise type in the cafeteria were 'noise by handling equipment and tableware', 'noise by moving chairs', and 'talcing noise', but 'taking noise' and 'background music' in the restaurant. 3) It was found that indoor noise level of the cafeteria was caused by sound reflection of finishing materials, noise diffusion by open type kitchen, and dragging noise of movable furniture.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회B
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• pp.3049-3052
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• 2008

MCFC(molten carbonate fuel cell) power generation system is prime candidate for the utilization of fossil based fuels to generate ultra clean power with a high efficiency. In the MCFC power plant system, a combustor performs a role to supply high temperature mixture gases for cathode and heat for reformer by using the stack off-gas of the anode which includes a high concentration of $H_2O$ and $CO_2$. Since a combustor needs to be operated in a very lean condition and to avoid excessive local heating, catalytic combustor is usually used. The catalytic combustion is accomplished by the catalytic chemical reaction between fuel and oxidizer at catalyst surface, different from conventional combustion. In this study, a mathematical model for the prediction of internal flow and catalytic combustion characteristics in the catalytic combustor adopted in the MCFC power plant system is suggested by using the numerical methods. The numerical simulation models are then implemented into the commercial CFD code. After verifying result by comparing with the experimental data and calibrated kinetic parameters of catalytic combustion reaction, a numerical simulation is performed to investigate the variation of flow and combustion characteristics by changing such various parameters as inlet configuration and inlet temperature. The result show that the catalytic combustion can be effectively improved for most of the case by using the perforated plate and subsequent stable catalytic combustion is expected.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2018

South Korea aims to shift the 20 percent of electricity supplement from the fossil fuel including the nuclear to renewable energy systems by 2030. In order to realize this agenda in the buildings, the plus energy house is necessary to increase the renewable energy supplement beyond the zero energy house. This paper suggested KePSH (KIER Energy-Plus Solar House) and energy performance of house and renewable energy systems was investigated. The KePSH has the target of generating 40% surplus energy than the conventional house energy consumption. The plus energy house is the house that generates surplus energy from the renewable energy sources than that consumes. In order to minimize the cooling and heating load of the house, the shape design and passive parameters design were conducted. Based on the experimental data of the plug load in the typical house, the total energy consumption of the house was estimated. This paper also suggested renewable energy sources integrated HVAC system using air-source heat pump system. Two cases of renewable energy system integration methods were suggested, and energy performance of the cases was investigated using TRNSYS 17 program. The results showed that the BIPV (building integrated photovoltaic) system (i.e., CASE 1) and BIPV and BIST system (i.e., CASE 2) shows 42% and 29% of plus energy rate, respectivey. Also, CASE 1 can generate 59% more surplus energy compared with the CASE 2 under the same installation area.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.517-530
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• 2016

This research was conducted on Seoul region elementary, middle, and high school nutritionists to analyze execution conditions of HACCP control standards, focusing on PHF and CCP 3~CCP 7, in order to determine more efficient methods for school meals' sanitation system settlement. All surveys were distributed and collected via email. A total of 305 survey papers were collected, and 300 school results were analyzed. The following percentage of nutritionists perceived the following foods as potentially hazardous foods(PHF): raw or cooked animal foods (94.7%), blossomed seed products (93.7%), packed pickled radish (36.7%), unopened mayonnaise (30.2%), and unopened snails & corn cans 54.8%. Exactly 51.2% of nutritionists believed that foods were properly supplied via CCP 3's food quality standard. Exactly 33.9% of nutritionists answered that they had never corrected the digital thermometer since there were no issues with the CCP 4's digital thermometer correction frequency level. As for CCP 5's chroline disinfection of green vegetables, 57.1% of nutritionists answered that vegetables were slightly softened while 36.2% said there were no changes at all. According to the nutritionists, the most difficult execution level of CCP levels (excluding CCP 3, CCP 4) was CCP 7 (37.1%), CCP 6 (16.4%), and CCP 2 (16.4%). For the above results, proper training/education must be enforced so that nutritionists can have a clear notion of the PHF. A solution must be developed enhancing the execution of CCP 4's digital thermometer correction frequency level. For CP 5's chroline disinfection of green vegetables, food characteristics must be considered to suggest an appropriate number and method of cleansing. Furthermore, cooking employees are needed that properly use and manage cooling & heating equipments to maintain heated foods above $57^{\circ}C$ under the CCP 7 standard.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.351-357
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• 2011

본 연구는 양치식물로부터 phytoecdysteroids의 추출 효율을 향상시키기 위하여 시행하였다. 청나래고사리와 고비의 잎(엽상체)을 동결건조 한 후 곱게 분쇄하여 MeOH, 80% EtOH, $H_2O$(nano pure grade)를 용매로 하여 50배 추출하였으며, 각 용매별로 6시간 동안 침지, 교반(200 RPM), 60$^{\circ}C$ 환류냉각추출하거나 42 kHz의 초음파수조에서 15, 30, 45분 동안 추출하였다. 추출물은 $C_{18}$ cartridge로 정제하여 분석하였으며, HPLC를 이용하여 각 추출물의 20-hydroxyecdysone(20E)과 ponasterone A(PonA)의 함량을 조사하였다. 3종류의 용매를 6가지 방법으로 추출한 결과, 청나래고사리와 고비의 추출물 모두 MeOH를 용매로 30분 동안 초음파 추출했을 때 20E와 PonA의 용출량이 증가하였으며, 엽상체 건물중 1 g당 청나래고사리와 고비의 20E 함량은 66.76과 104.48 ${\mu}g$, PonA의 함량은 53.43와 43.82 ${\mu}g$이었다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.241-245
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• 2009

도심지의 열섬(Heat Island)현상과 연안지역의 해풍(海風)의 영향 때문에, 부산, 인천, 목포 등 연안도시의 도심지역과 연안지역의 각 외기 상태가 서로 다르게 나타난다. 이러한 외기조건은 건물의 냉방부하, 난방부하, 전력소비량 등에 직접적인 영향을 미치기 때문에, 에너지절약을 위한 건물설계와 운전방법개발을 위해서는 각 지역에 위치한 건물의 에너지소비특성을 파악해야만 한다. 본 연구에서는 연안지역 아파트의 전력소비량에 주목하였고, 부산광역시 영도구에 위치한 세대수가 100세대 이상인 22개 아파트 단지를 대상으로 기간별, 기능별 전력소비량을 조사하였다. 22개 아파트 전체의 세대내 최대전력소비량은 8월에 발생하고 있으나, 공용 최대전력소비량은 1월에 발생하고 있음을 알수 있었다. 한편 연안지역에서는 여름철에 해풍에 의한 자연환기로 인해 냉방용 전력소비가 감소할 것으로 예상하였으나, 조사결과에서는 여름철에 최대부하가 발생하였는데, 이는 해풍에 포함된 염분의 피해를 예방하기 위해 창문을 닫고 전기구동 에어컨으로 냉방하기 때문인 것으로 파악되었다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.388-393
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• 1999

회토류 원소인 Eu로 활성화한 $CaSO_4:Eu$ TLD를 제작하였으며, 트랩 매개변수 등의 물리적 특성을 조사하였다. 제작한 $CaSO_4:Eu$ TLD는 활성제 Eu의 농도를 0.5 moi%로 하고, $600^{\circ}C$에서 2시간 동안 열처리하였을 때 최대의 열형광 강도를 나타내었으며, glow 곡선은 2개의 glow peak로 구성되었다. 두 glow peak를 분리하여 초기 상승법, peak 형상법, 가온율법, 최소자승법에 의한 glow 곡선의 fitting 방법 등을 사용하여 glow 곡선을 분석하였다. 두 glow peak의 활성화에너지는 각각 1.00 eV, 1.09 eV이고, 진동수인자는 각각 $7.04{\times}10^{11}\;s^{-1}$과 $5.12{\times}10^{11}\;s^{-1}$였으며, 1.11과, 1.33의 발광차수를 갖는 것으로 평가되었다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.583-589
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• 2012

하수슬러지의 처분 방안으로서 하수슬러지를 생활폐기물과 혼합소각시의 가능성을 타진하기 위해 전체폐기물 중 하수슬러지를 20%까지 혼합하여 실험한 결과, 열부하 및 대기오염물질(질소산화물, 황산화물)부하에 영향을 크게 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 생하수슬러지(함수율 78.8%) 및 건조하수슬러지(함수율 60%)를 혼합소각한 결과, 건조하수슬러지를 혼합한 경우에는 열부하변동이 거의 없었으나 생하수슬러지를 혼합소각한 경우는 열부하가 다소 낮아지는 것으로 나타나 전처리를 한슬러지 혼합소각이 평상시와 같은 운전조건으로 소각로 연소를 이룰 수 있을 것으로 판단되나 고발열 생활폐기물 발열에 의한 소각로 파손을 방지하기 위해서는 에너지 비용 및 슬러지 경화현상에 의한 국부소각 방지 등을 고려하여 생하수슬러지에 수분을 공급하여 소각하는 방안도 고려해 볼만 하다고 판단된다.