• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 1995

Purpose: The enhanced cytotoxic effect of combined treatment of hyper-thermia and chemotherapy by increasing intracellular acidity with HMA was investigated. Materials and Methods: FSall tumor cells were injected on the hindlegs of female $C_3H$ mice. When the tumor volume reached about 200mm3, experiments were performed on the groups classified as follows: Group I :Control, Group II : Melphalan alone (2.5mg/kg, 5mg/kg, 10mg/kg, 15mg/kg), Group III : Heat alone $(42.5^{\cdot}C$ for 1 hour) Group IV : Melphalan + Heat $(42.5^{\cdot}C$ for 1 hour), Group V : HMA(10mg/kg) + Melphalan(5.0mg/kg) + Heat$(42.5^{\cdot}C$ for 1hour). Each group included 8-12 mice on each experiment HMA (3-amino-6-chloro-5-(1-homopiperidyl )-N-(diaminomethylene) -c-pyrazinecarboxamide), an analog of amiloride which increases intracellular pH(pHi) was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMS) and injected into the tumor-bearing mice through the tail vein. 10mg/kg of HMA and each dose of melphalan were injected into peritoneum of the tumor-bearing mice 30 minutes before heating. Tumor growth delay was calculated when the tumor volme reached at $1500mm^3$ Excision assay was performed on each group and repeated 2-4 times. Results : Tumor growth delay of each experimental groups at $1500mm^3$ were 9, 10, 13 and 19 days respectively. In vivo-in vitro excision assay using FSall tumor cells, the cytotoxicity of each experimental groups was $1.2{\times}10^7,\;1{\times}10^7,\;6{\times}10^6,\;1.7{\times}10^6\;and\;1{\times}10^5$ clonogenic cells/gm respectively When HMA was added to the combined treatment of heat and .chemotherapy, the tumor growth was delayed more than combined treatment without HMA i.e., 6 days tumor growth delay at $1500mm^3$ of tumor volume. Conclusion: The combined effect of cytotoxicity by heat and chemotherapy can be much more enhanced by HMA.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.42-46
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• 2003

This research was carried out for searching the treatment conditions of organic acid and heating to prepare oligomers from the carrageenan. The applied treatments were autoclaving, micraowaving, and ultrasonicating with acetate, citrate, lactate, malate, and succinate. Among several physical depolymerization methods, auo-claving treatment was the most effective for hydrolyzing the carrageenan to low molecular compounds such as oligosaccharides. Citrate or malate was the most effective catalyst in hydrolyzing carrageenan to some oligo-saccharides among 5~7 different organic acids. An acceptable autoclaving condition for hydrolyzing carrageenan to oligosaccharides was to treat for 120 min at 110~12$0^{\circ}C$. The maximum depolymerization ratio produced by autoclaving was about 23.0%. The depolymerized carrageenan prepared by autoclaving at 12$0^{\circ}C$ had oligo-saccharides of 5~7 species.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.85-91
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• 2007

This is a case study for improving the sound environmental quality of cafeteria in university campus. The purpose of the study is to find out the present condition of physical level, type, and cause of indoor noise of cafeteria in university campus by comparison with a restaurant near campus. Research methods were field survey and questionnaire survey. Field survey was consisted of measurement on equivalent and instant noise level and observation on noise type. Respondents of questionnaire survey were 60 students using subject cafeteria or restaurant. Surveys were carried out in the 8th and in the 14th of December 2005. The results are as follows. 1) Indoor noise levels of the cafeteria were measured as $67.2{\sim}76.6$ (average 73.3) dB(A)Leq5min and $60.3{\sim}90.5$ (average 71.2) dB (A), exceeded the indoor noise recommended value of ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers). But noise levels of the restaurant were $61.6{\sim}70.4$ (average 66.9) dB(A)Leq5min and $59.8{\sim}70.6$ (average 64.9) dB(A). 2) The users's responses on major noise type in the cafeteria were 'noise by handling equipment and tableware', 'noise by moving chairs', and 'talcing noise', but 'taking noise' and 'background music' in the restaurant. 3) It was found that indoor noise level of the cafeteria was caused by sound reflection of finishing materials, noise diffusion by open type kitchen, and dragging noise of movable furniture.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.3049-3052
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• 2008

MCFC(molten carbonate fuel cell) power generation system is prime candidate for the utilization of fossil based fuels to generate ultra clean power with a high efficiency. In the MCFC power plant system, a combustor performs a role to supply high temperature mixture gases for cathode and heat for reformer by using the stack off-gas of the anode which includes a high concentration of $H_2O$ and $CO_2$. Since a combustor needs to be operated in a very lean condition and to avoid excessive local heating, catalytic combustor is usually used. The catalytic combustion is accomplished by the catalytic chemical reaction between fuel and oxidizer at catalyst surface, different from conventional combustion. In this study, a mathematical model for the prediction of internal flow and catalytic combustion characteristics in the catalytic combustor adopted in the MCFC power plant system is suggested by using the numerical methods. The numerical simulation models are then implemented into the commercial CFD code. After verifying result by comparing with the experimental data and calibrated kinetic parameters of catalytic combustion reaction, a numerical simulation is performed to investigate the variation of flow and combustion characteristics by changing such various parameters as inlet configuration and inlet temperature. The result show that the catalytic combustion can be effectively improved for most of the case by using the perforated plate and subsequent stable catalytic combustion is expected.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.55-66
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• 2018

South Korea aims to shift the 20 percent of electricity supplement from the fossil fuel including the nuclear to renewable energy systems by 2030. In order to realize this agenda in the buildings, the plus energy house is necessary to increase the renewable energy supplement beyond the zero energy house. This paper suggested KePSH (KIER Energy-Plus Solar House) and energy performance of house and renewable energy systems was investigated. The KePSH has the target of generating 40% surplus energy than the conventional house energy consumption. The plus energy house is the house that generates surplus energy from the renewable energy sources than that consumes. In order to minimize the cooling and heating load of the house, the shape design and passive parameters design were conducted. Based on the experimental data of the plug load in the typical house, the total energy consumption of the house was estimated. This paper also suggested renewable energy sources integrated HVAC system using air-source heat pump system. Two cases of renewable energy system integration methods were suggested, and energy performance of the cases was investigated using TRNSYS 17 program. The results showed that the BIPV (building integrated photovoltaic) system (i.e., CASE 1) and BIPV and BIST system (i.e., CASE 2) shows 42% and 29% of plus energy rate, respectivey. Also, CASE 1 can generate 59% more surplus energy compared with the CASE 2 under the same installation area.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.517-530
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• 2016

This research was conducted on Seoul region elementary, middle, and high school nutritionists to analyze execution conditions of HACCP control standards, focusing on PHF and CCP 3~CCP 7, in order to determine more efficient methods for school meals' sanitation system settlement. All surveys were distributed and collected via email. A total of 305 survey papers were collected, and 300 school results were analyzed. The following percentage of nutritionists perceived the following foods as potentially hazardous foods(PHF): raw or cooked animal foods (94.7%), blossomed seed products (93.7%), packed pickled radish (36.7%), unopened mayonnaise (30.2%), and unopened snails & corn cans 54.8%. Exactly 51.2% of nutritionists believed that foods were properly supplied via CCP 3's food quality standard. Exactly 33.9% of nutritionists answered that they had never corrected the digital thermometer since there were no issues with the CCP 4's digital thermometer correction frequency level. As for CCP 5's chroline disinfection of green vegetables, 57.1% of nutritionists answered that vegetables were slightly softened while 36.2% said there were no changes at all. According to the nutritionists, the most difficult execution level of CCP levels (excluding CCP 3, CCP 4) was CCP 7 (37.1%), CCP 6 (16.4%), and CCP 2 (16.4%). For the above results, proper training/education must be enforced so that nutritionists can have a clear notion of the PHF. A solution must be developed enhancing the execution of CCP 4's digital thermometer correction frequency level. For CP 5's chroline disinfection of green vegetables, food characteristics must be considered to suggest an appropriate number and method of cleansing. Furthermore, cooking employees are needed that properly use and manage cooling & heating equipments to maintain heated foods above $57^{\circ}C$ under the CCP 7 standard.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.351-357
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the effective extraction condition for increase of phytoecdysteroids from fronds of Matteuccia struthiopteris (FMS) and Osmunda japonica (FOJ). Lyophilizated fronds were mixed with three different solvents (MeOH, 80% EtOH or water) and then extraction was carried out by using six different methods, such as, immersion (room temp.), heating (60$^{\circ}C$), stirring (200 rpm) for 6 h, or sonication in 42 kHz ultrasonic bath for 15, 30 and 45 minutes. Contents of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and ponasterone A (PonA) were measured by using HPLC after purification of the extracts by $C_{18}$ cartridge. Altogether, our results indicate that the extraction using sonication with MeOH as a solvent (for 30 minutes) was the most effective condition for 20E and PonA from both MFS and FOJ. Resulting contents of 20E from FMS and FOJ were 66.76 and 104.48 ${\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$ and PonA were 53.43 and 43.82 ${\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$, respectively.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.241-245
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• 2009

Because of the heat island phenomenon and sea wind, there can be thermal conditions' differences around buildings at downtown and coastal area respectively in coastal city, like Busan, Incheon, Mokpo. For the final purpose of the buildings' energy saving design and operation considering of above mentioned environments differences, energy consumption including heating and cooling loads, electric loads are necessary to be accumulated and analyzed in as the database. As a part of this concept, this study aims to survey and analyze each loads of 22 apartments which has at least 100 households respectively and is located at Yeongdo island, Busan, Korea It is cleared that despite the residents living in this district can use sea wind as a natural ventilation and/or cooling methods, they mainly depends on the electric-driven air-conditioners for cooling with window-closed because of anti-salt problems of the sea wind. This leads the maximum power consumption of the surveyed-22-apartments to be appeared in August like that of inland buildings.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.388-393
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• 1999

In this study, the $CaSO_4:Eu$ TLDs are fabricated and their trap parameters are determined. The optimum concentration of Eu for fabrication of the $CaSO_4:Eu$ TLD is 0.5 mol% and optimum temperature is $600^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours sintering in air. The glow curve of $CaSO_4:Eu$ consists of two glow peaks and these peaks are isolated by thermal bleaching method. Trap parameters of two glow peaks are measured using the initial rise, the peak shape, the heating rate and the least square curve fitting methods. The activation energies of the glow peak I and II are 1.00 eV and 1.09 eV, and the frequency factors are $7.04{\times}10^{11}\;s^{-1}$ and $5.12{\times}10^{11}\;s^{-1}$ and the kinetic orders are 1.11 and 1.33, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.583-589
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• 2012

The various promotion countermeasures such as solidification, carbonization, and the creation of cement materials have been considered to existing treatment methods such as incineration and the creation of composts, since direct landfill was prohibited for encouraging the recycling based on the sludge treatment on land. The Main objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility of co-incineration for MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) and SS (Sewage Sludge) through the change of heat and atmospheric pollutants. In this study, LHV (Low Heating Value) is 100~300 kcal/kg because the MC (Moisture Content) of de-hydrated sewage sludge is approximately 80%. From the results, we knew the feasibility of co-incineration for MSW (80%) and SS (20%). As the co-incineration rate of SS up to 20% became higher, the loading of heat and atmospheric pollutants was not influenced.