• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.33-38
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• 1995

The rates of fixation of CCA-Type B and CCFZ in blocks of radiata pine sapwood were compared at various temperatures and conditioning methods (drying and nondrying conditioning). Also the time required to proper fixation of preservative components in the treated wood was estimated. Fixation was monitored by the rates of depletion of free hexavalent chromium in the cell lumens in the teated blocks. The rate of preservative fixation in wood was highly temperature dependent. The fixation rate was considerably accelerated by means of heating and complete fixation of hexavalent chromium was achieved within about 12 hours by heating at $60^{\circ}C$. The moisture content of treated wood during fixation apparently played an important role in the fixation process. The fixation rate of treated wood conditioned in nondrying conditions was much more faster than that of treated wood conditioned in drying conditions. particularly when the moisture content of treated wood was below fiber saturation point. Time required to full fixation could be predicted successfully using the fixation temperatures applied since the correlation between the fixation temperature and the fixation time was excellent. regardless of conditioning methods.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.46-56
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• 2003

Objects: The purpose of this thesis is to consider classification of Wibub(위법), heating method of Wibub(위법) and the diseases for which Wibub(위법) is efficacious through bibliographic basements. Methods: We bibliographically studied on Wibub(위법) through 20 existing oriental documents. Results: Summarized as follows; 1. Wibub(위법) is an external therapy of applying heated herbal powder or granules wrapped in a cloth or applying heated implements to the affected part. 2. Wibub(위법) is divided into two types. One is Yakwi(약위) which uses medicine, the other is Wibub(위법) which only uses implements. 3. The heating methods of Wibub(위법) are various. there are using directly heated medicine, using heated implement and using Naengwi(냉위) and Yeolwi(열위) in turns. 4. Wibub(위법) is efficacious for mammary disease like as acute mammaritis, mastitis, anal disease like as hemorrhoids, proctoptosis, sore, muscle disease, multiple abscess, pyogenic infection of bone, gonarthritis externally and efficacious for cold paralysis, cold limbs, vomiting with diarrhea, mass in abdomen, abdominal pain, constipation, urinary disease like as dysuria, ischuria internally. Conclusions: As the aboves. Wibub(위법) is able to be used variously in clinical cases. so we consider that it is necessary to study methods which improve practical use of Wibub(위법).

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.29
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• pp.7.1-7.8
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• 2014

Objectives The present study was designed to systematically characterize the denaturation and the renaturation of double stranded DNA (dsDNA), which is suitable for DNA hybridization. Methods A series of physical and chemical denaturation methods were implemented on well-defined 86-bp dsDNA fragment. The degree of each denaturation was measured and the most suitable denaturation method was determined. DNA renaturation tendency was also investigated for the suggested denaturation method. Results Heating, beads mill, and sonication bath did not show any denaturation for 30 minutes. However probe sonication fully denatured DNA in 5 minutes. 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide (alkaline treatment) and 60% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) treatment fully denatured DNA in 2-5 minutes. Conclusions Among all the physical methods applied, the direct probe sonication was the most effective way to denature the DNA fragments. Among chemical methods, 60% DMSO was the most adequate denaturation method since it does not cause full renaturation during DNA hybridization.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.138-142
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• 2001

Solid contents, free sugars, phenlic compounds and glycyrrhizin of extracts obtained from by-products of Glycyrrhizia uralensis by three different methods, i.e., shaking, heating, and static methods, were determined. Solid contents of extracts obtained by shaking, heating and static method were 15.6%, 15.0% and 5.3%, respectively. Phenolic compound contents of them were 11.33 mg/100 mL, 11.21 mg/100mL and 10.15 mg/100 mL. Main free sugars in the extracts from the by-products of G. uralensis were fructose, glucose, sucrose, and maltose. Glycyrrhizin content of the extracts from the by-products of G. uralensis were 2.79%, 3.54% and 0.63%, respectively. Extract obtained by the shaking methods had an ability of donating electron to DPPH. The relative antioxidant effects of th extract obtained from the shaking method showed 70% inhibitory effect of peroxidation on egg yolk lecithin.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.77-84
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• 2013

Degree-day method is very simple but essential index to estimate heating and cooling energy demand in buildings. It has been neglected, however, for the simplicity so it is difficult to find any DB for south Korean cities. Even meteorological department of S. Korea doesn't report the data officially. In this study, current methods that are being used in many countries are investigated and used to calculate degree-days of 35 south Korean cities with 30 years(1981~2010) historical data. The calculation result indicates that the error among 4 major methods are dependent on how daily or hourly temperature are treated in the calculation and how balance point temperature is defined. The errors of the methods are no larger than 6% relative to hourly degree-day method.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.3-10
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• 2008

Since fire was founded in the world, human races have invented various heating methods. Ondol is traditional heating method in Korea. It is very the important work to trace the history and characteristics of Ondol which originated and was developed in the Korean peninsula. Especially, the study on Ondol will contribute to improving the present heating methods and predicting future ones. In this paper, we shall study through the analysis of documents such as oriental documents, the document of Choseon dynasty, European documents and American documents. In order to discover the origins of Ondol as one of the excellent heating method all over the world, This study aims at identifying the history and characteristics of Ondol in the Korean peninsula, through document analysis. Results of this study are as follows. 1) The first document about Ondol is Sookyongjoo(水經注), Chinese ancient geography book. Contents recorded in the book include the description related to Ondol at Kwankyesa temple which was located at the border land between Gogooryo(ancient Korea) and the northeast of China. 2) Ondol was popular heating method in Gogooryo(ancient Korea) and it was used in not only Gogooryo but also Silla Kingdom and Beakje Kingdom. Thereafter, it was also used widely in Goryo dynasty and Choseon dynasty. Thereby we know that Ondol has been used as a heating method for a long time in the Korean peninsula. 3) Ondol was covered with a floor paper since the beginning of Choseon dynasty. the paper made room clean and impacted on Korean life style. Because the floor was clean and warm, Koreans thus took off shoes and sat on the floor. 4) Ondol was spreaded to Jeju island in Korea before 16th century but wasn't used widely there. The reason was that Ondol was rare high class heating system and the weather was warm in Jeju island. 5) The overspreading of Ondol caused that poor people built roughly Ondol in the last of Choseon dynasty. So, the quality of Ondol gradually became lower and lower. 6) A westerner was impressed by the novelty of Ondol and Frank Lloyd Wright had played an important role to update and spread Ondol widely all over the world. Hailing Ondol as the ideal heating system, Frank Lloyd Wright began incorporating it in his buildings back in the U.S. and even invented a modified ondol system, using hot water running through pipes instead of the hot exhaust through flues.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.12-14
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• 2008

We have been trying to do our every efforts in various division in order to get more highly competition of products in steel industry, Especially, for the industry of cold mill, We are making high degree durability & elegant of steel plate from high quality plating & coating. Recently, Induction heating equipments are used to be choose in order to heat the steel plate in processing of drying and of curing after plating and coating are done. This paper will describe the theory of induction heating, consideration matters to decide power supply, structure of heating coil & manufacturing, operating methods etc, also it will present installation reference.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.48 no.10
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• pp.1231-1238
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• 1999

This paper presents an approach for the optimal heating load Identification using Diagonal Recurrent Neural Networks(DRNN). In this paper, the DRNN captures the dynamic nature of a system and since it is not fully connected, training is much faster than a fully connected recurrent neural network. The architecture of DRNN is a modified model of the fully connected recurrent neural network with one hidden layer. The hidden layer is comprised of self-recurrent neurons, each feeding its output only into itself. In this study, A dynamic backpropagation (DBP) with delta-bar-delta learning method is used to train an optimal heating load identifier. Delta-bar-delta learning method is an empirical method to adapt the learning rate gradually during the training period in order to improve accuracy in a short time. The simulation results based on experimental data show that the proposed model is superior to the other methods in most cases, in regard of not only learning speed but also identification accuracy.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.241-248
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• 1983

In the present work a time-dependent reliability model for a typical solar domestic hot water and heating system is developed using the method of Fault Tree Analysis and existing mathematical techniques. The reference system used in this analysis is a typical solar heating system. The system reliability structure has been identified with the aid of Fault Tree methods. In addition, a simulation of the solar system reliability has been performed employing the Monte Carlo method. In the computer simulation, failure rate data such as WASH-1400, MIL-HDBK-217B, and Green and Bourne are used as input data. These results show that the developed reliability model is capable of expressing the primary failure phenomena of the solar heating and domestic hot water system.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.209-221
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• 2009

Heating correction, through heating and flattening a structure with a pressing machine, is the in-situ method used to repair buckled steel structures. The primary purpose of this investigation is to develop an FEM model which can predict the mechanical response of heat-corrected plates accurately. Our model clarifies several unsolved problems. In previous research, the location of the imperfection was limited to the center of the specimen although the mechanical behavior is strongly affected by the location of the imperfection. Our research clarifies the relationship between the location of the imperfection and the mechanical behavior. In addition, we propose further reinforcement methods and validate their effectiveness. Our research concludes that the strength of a buckled specimen can be recovered by heating correction and the use of an adequate stiffener.