• Title/Summary/Keyword: Heat storage materials

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Experimental study on the cryogenic thermal storage unit (TSU) below -70 ℃

  • Byeongchang Byeon;Kyoung Joong Kim;Sangkwon Jeong;Dong min Kim;Mo Se Kim;Gi Dock Kim;Jung Hun Kim;Sang Yoon Lee;Seong Woo Lee;Keun Tae Lee
    • Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.20-24
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    • 2024
  • Over the past four years, as the COVID-19 pandemic has struck the world, cold chain of COVID-19 vaccination has become a hot topic. In order to overcome the pandemic situation, it is necessary to establish a cold chain that maintains a low-temperature environment below approximately 203K (-70℃), which is the appropriate storage temperature for vaccines, from vaccine suppliers to local hospitals. Usually, cryocoolers are used to maintain low temperatures, but it is difficult for small-scale local distribution to have cryocooler due to budget and power supply issues. Accordingly, in this paper, a cryogenic TSU (Thermal storage unit) system for vaccination cold chain is designed that can maintain low temperatures below -70℃C for a long time without using a cryocooler. The performance of the TSU system according to the energy storage material for using as TSU is experimentally evaluated. In the experiments, four types of cold storage materials were used: 20% DMSO aqueous solution, 30% DMSO aqueous solution, paraffin wax, and tofu. Prior to the experiment, the specific heat of the cold storage materials at low temperature were measured. Through this, the thermal diffusivity of the materials was calculated, and paraffin wax had the lowest value. As a result of the TSU system's low-temperature maintenance test, paraffin wax showed the best low-temperature maintenance performance. And it recorded a low-temperature maintenance time that was about 24% longer than other materials. As a result of analyzing the temperature trend by location within the TSU system, it was observed that heat intrusion from the outside was not well transmitted to the low temperature area due to the low thermal conductivity of paraffin wax. Therefore, in the TSU system for vaccine storage, it was experimentally verified that the lower the thermal diffusivity of the cold storage material, the better low temperature maintenance performance.

Evaluation of Thermal Environment Improvement Effect from Public Design Improvement Project on the Urban Street Space (도시가로공간의 공공디자인 개선사업에 따른 열환경 개선 효과 평가)

  • Baek, Sang-Hun;Shimizu, Aki;Kim, Hak-Yoon;Jung, Eung-Ho
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.20 no.9
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    • pp.1105-1114
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    • 2011
  • In this study, thermal environment improvements throughout public design improvement project on the urban street space were compared and evaluated. Thermo-Render 3.0, 3D-CAD based thermal environment simulation program, had been used for thermal environment improvement evaluations. Followings are the results. First, clayey blocks which have low heat transfer rate and cool island effect by trees and roof gardens brought cooling effects for buildings and surface of streets. Seconds, MRT values showed low levels because of low radiant mulching materials. Thirds, roof gardens contributed to reduce heat island effect since HIP levels were affected by decreasing heat storage effect of buildings from roof gardens. As a result, reducing heat storage effect throughout selecting and arranging proper materials which would not increase heat island potentials should be performed to improve heat island effects.

Fundamental study on development of latent heat storage material for waste heat recovery of biomass gasification

  • Kim, MyoungJun;Yu, JikSu;Chea, GyuHoon
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • v.38 no.5
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    • pp.533-540
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    • 2014
  • Recently, latent heat thermal energy storage system (LHTES) has gained attention in order to utilize middle temperature (373~573 K) waste heat from biomass gasification. This paper has investigated thermo-physical properties of erythritol [$CH_2OHCHOH$ $CHOHCH_2OH$], mannitol [$CH_2OH$ $(CHOH)_4CH_2OH$] and their compounds as phase change materials (PCMs). The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was applied to measure the melting point and latent heat of these PCMs. Also the melting and solidification characteristics of these PCMs were observed in a glass tube with a digital camera. In the DSC measurement, when the amount of mannitol content was more than 40 mass%, the melting point of these compounds show two melting points. The experimental results showed that the velocity of melting and solidification were different for every mixture ratio of compounds. These compounds had the super-cooling phenomenon during the solidification process.

The Performance Characteristics of Heat Pump Using the Refrigerant Subcooling (냉매 과냉각을 이용한 열펌프 시스템의 성능 특성)

  • Roh, Geon-Sang;Son, Chan-Ghyo
    • Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.413-421
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    • 2007
  • In this paper, the performance characteristics of heat pump system using a new refrigerant subcooling system designed for the study, are introduced. The new heat pump system have the ice storage tank at the outlet of condenser. The experimental apparatus is a well-instrumented water/water heat pump which consisted of working fluid loop, coolant loop, and ice storage tank. The experiment parameters of subcooling ranged as the evaporating temperature from $-5^{\circ}C$ to $8^{\circ}C$, the condensing temperature from $30^{\circ}C$ to $35^{\circ}C$. The test of the ice storage was carried out at evaporating temperature of $-10^{\circ}C$ and the ice storage mode is Ice-On-Coil type. The working fluid was R-22 and the storage materials were city-water. The test results obtained were as follows; The refrigerant mass flow rate and compressor shaft power were unchanged by the degrees of subcooling, that is, they were independent of degrees of subcooling. The cooling capacity of the new heat pump system increase as the evaporating temperature and subcooling degrees increase and is higher by $25{\sim}30%$, compared to the normal heat pump system. The COP of the new heat pump system increases as the degrees of subcooling and evaporating temperature increase and is higher by 28% than that of the normal heat pump system.

Dynamic performance analysis of flat plate solar collector system according to weather conditions and capacity of heat storage tank (기상조건과 축열조 용량에 따른 평판형 태양열 집열기 시스템의 동적 성능 해석)

  • Park, Bae-Duck;Kim, Gew-Deok;Kim, Kyoung-Hoon
    • Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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    • v.34 no.6
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    • pp.57-65
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    • 2014
  • Solar energy has attracted wide attention as a promising renewable energy source. The goal of this paper is to estimate the dynamic performance of solar flat plate collector system according to the weather conditions and the capacity of heat storage tank. This study provides a detailed description of the modeling methods and materials of the system. The effects of the daily clearness index and the volume of the heat storage tank on the hourly and daily performances of the system are numerically investigated. Special attention is focused on the important system variables including the solar insolation on the collector surface, useful energy, heat loss at the collector, and collector efficiency.

Pigment Stability of Lavers Porhyra tenera Kjellman during Processing and Storage (김의 가공 저장중에 있어서의 색소의 안정도)

  • LEE Kang-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.105-133
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    • 1969
  • The stability of three major pigments in lavers, namely chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phy-cobilins, during processing and storage was studied. The results of the pigment retention in fresh lavers during storage at low temperatures, of heat lability during heat treatment, and of the pigment loss during storage are summarized as follows: 1. The contents of chlorophyll a, xanthophyll (lutein+zeaxanthin), and carotene ($\alpha-+\beta-carotene$) averaged 1,525, 627, and $409{\mu}g/g$ of dry samples respectively The comparative composition of four carotenoids, lutein, $\beta-carotene$, zeaxanthin, and $\alpha-carotene$, was 35.9, 33.7, 12.2, and $5.8\%$ respectively. 2. In storage of fresh lavers at room ternperature ($20-25^{\circ}C$), 2 to $5^{\circ}C$, and $-15^{\circ}C$, the pigments generally were retained more at 2 to $5^{\circ}C$ than others while carotene only showed more retention at $-15^{\circ}C$ than at 2 to $5^{\circ}C$. Phycocyanin tended to decrease more rapidly than phyco-erythrin at low temperatures. 3. In regard to heat treatment of both dried and wet materials at 40, 60, 80, $100^{\circ}C$ respectively, the pigments were more stable at lower temperatures than at higher temperatures in both cases of materials. Carotenoids were retained more in wet materials than in the sun dried. Xanthophylls showed higher heat stability than carotenes. Phycoerythrin was considered more heat labile than phycocyanin, particularly at higher temperatures. 4. In storage of heat treated lavers for 50 days at room temperature, the retention of pigments appeared differently in accordance with the temperatures of treatment The materials treated at $60^{\circ}C$ showed better relention of pigments than those treated at the other temperatures. Degradation rate of xanthopllylls, carotenes, and phycobilins was decreased in the materials treated at higher temperatures, showing a tendency of great pigment retention even for a long period storage. Chlorophyll il was retained more in sun dried materials whereas xanthophyll and carotene were retained more in the wet. 5. In order to maintain a higher pigment stability during storage, the materials must be treated at $60^{\circ}C$ in a dryer with rapid ventilation until the moisture level reaches about $6.0\%$. In case of treatment at a higher temperature than $60^{\circ}C$, they must be treated for a short period of time to minimize pigment degradation by heat. 6. The lavers treated with the solutions of pH around 7.8 showed a higher retention of chlorophyll a. When treated with the solutions of algal extracts such as agar and alginic acid, uniform layer of laver sheets and better surface gloss of dried layers were obtained.

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Effects of the Structure and the Inorganic Filler Type on the Heat Insulation of Paper (종이구조 및 무기충전제가 종이의 단열특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Sung, Yong Joo;Heo, Min-Heang;Chung, Hyun-Seok;Lee, Ji-Young
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.46 no.4
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    • pp.93-100
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    • 2014
  • The packaging with environment-friendly materials become more important issue since the concern for the environment and the disposal of waste such as the packaging materials has increased. Although the paper based packaging such as corrugated box are widely used as a typical environment-friendly packaging stuff, the heat insulation properties of paper packaging did not get many attention. In this study, the heat insulation properties of paper were deeply evaluated to improve the functional properties as packaging material of the cold storage goods. The simple device for evaluating the heat insulation of paper product was developed. Subsequently, the changes in the heat insulation depending on the paper structure and the addition of the inorganic fillers were investigated by using the instrument. The higher basis weight and the less beating time resulted in the bulkier structure and the less efficiency of heat transfer. The addition of the perlite powder as a filler resulted in the great increase in the heat insulation, although the addition of the calcium carbonate decreased the heat insulation potential of paper.

Shape-Stabilized Phase Change Materials: Preparation and Properties of Frozen Gels from Polypropylene and n-Eicosane for Latent Heat Storage (형태안정성 PCM: 잠열저장을 위한 Polypropylene과 n-Eicosane으로 구성된 고화젤의 제조 및 특성)

  • Son, Tae-Won;Lim, Hak-Sang;Kim, Tae-Hun;Ko, Jae-Wang
    • Polymer(Korea)
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.261-268
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    • 2010
  • Phase change materials based on polypropylene blended with n-eicosane were studied in this paper. In addition, this paper reviews recent studies on the preparation of shape stabilized phase change materials (SSPCM), such as SSPCM from polypropylenes and n-eicosane, their basic properties and possible applications to latent heat storage. The preparation methods used were the melting method and absorption methods. Shape stabilized PCM(SSPCM) prepared for DSC, WAXD, FTIR spectroscopy, ARES, results of the analysis of shape stability heat capacity to improve were identified.

A Numerical Study on Operating Characteristics of a Miniature Joule-Thomson Refrigerator

  • Hong, Yong-Ju;Park, Seong-Je;Choi, Young-Don
    • Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.41-45
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    • 2010
  • Miniature Joule-Thomson refrigerators have been widely used for rapid cooling of infrared detectors, optoelectronic device, and integrated circuits of micro electronics. The typical J-T refrigerator consists of the recuperative heat exchanger with the double helical tube and fin configuration, J-T nozzle, a mandrel, Dewar and a compressed gas storage bottle. In this study, to predict the thermodynamic behaviors of the refrigerator with a compressed gas storage bottle during the cool-down time, numerical study of transient characteristics for a J-T refrigerator was developed. A simplified transient one.dimensional model of the momentum and energy equations was simultaneously solved to consider the thermal interactions of the each component of the refrigerator. To account for effects of the thermal mass of the solid, the heat capacities of the tube, fins, mandrel and Dewar are considered. The results show the charged gas pressure of the gas storage bottle has significant effects on the performance of the J-T refrigerator. At the elevated gas pressure of the gas storage bottle, the large capacity of the compressed gas storage does not need to get the fast cool-down performance of the J-T refrigerator in the cool-down stage.