• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.515-523
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• 2020

Basal and heat shock-induced mRNA expression patterns of major heat shock protein (HSP) genes, including those encoding heat shock protein (HSP) 90, HSP70, HSP70-12A, heat shock inducible protein 70 (HSIP70), heat shock binding protein 1 (HSPBP1), HSP60, and HSP40 were examined in the gill and hepatopancreas of 1-year-old diploid and triploid abalone Haliotis discus hannai juveniles. Under non-stimulated conditions at 19℃, triploid abalones displayed, in general, higher mRNA levels of various HSPs (HSP70, HSIP70, HSPBP1, HSP70-12A, and HSP60 in the gill and HSIP70, HSPBP1, and HSP60 in the hepatopancreas) than did communally cultured diploids. Conversely, only the hepatopancreatic expression of HSP70-12A was higher in diploids than in triploids. However, the fold changes in gene expression in response to an acute thermal challenge (elevation from 19 to 30℃) were generally greater in diploids than in triploids, such that the difference in basal expression was diminished, weakened, or even reversed after heat shock treatment. However, unlike other HSP genes, the basal expression of HSP60 (higher in 3N) was more pronounced after heat shock treatment. Collectively, the results of this study suggest that triploid abalones have different capacities for not only basal expression but also the heat-induced expression of HSPs in an HSP member-dependent manner.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.131-142
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• 2008

Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of the rice blast disease, poses a worldwide threat to stable rice production. The large-scale functional characterization of genes controlling the pathogenicity of M. oryzae is currently under way, but little is known about heat shock protein 40 (Hsp40) function in the rice blast fungus or any other filamentous plant pathogen. We identified 25 genes encoding putative Hsp40s in the genome of M. oryzae using a bioinformatic approach, which we designated M. oryzae heat shock protein forty (MHF 1-25). To elucidate the roles of these genes, we characterized the functions of MHF16 and MHF21, which encode type ill and type n Hsp40 proteins, respectively. MHF16 and MHF21 expression was not significantly induced by heat shock, but it was down-regulated by cold shock. Knockout mutants of these genes $({\Delta}$mhf16 and ${\Delta}$mhf21) were viable, but conidiation was severely reduced. Moreover, sectoring was observed in the ${\Delta}mhf16$ mutant when it was grown on oatmeal agar medium. Conidial germination, appressorium formation, and pathogenicity in rice were not significantly affected in the mutants. The defects in conidiation and colony morphology were fully complemented by reintroduction of wild type MHF16 and MHF21 alleles, respectively. These data indicate that MHF16 and MHF21 play important roles in conidiation in the rice blast fungus.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2008

The expression of heat shock protein genes (Hsp 70, Hsp 40, Hsp 20.8 and Hsp 20.4) against thermal stress in silkworm Bombyx mori was performed through semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Upon exposure of silkworm to two temperature regimes ($38^{\circ}C$ and $42^{\circ}C$), significant change in the expression of Hsp gene was observed as compared to the control. Hsp 70 and Hsp 40 showed increased expression than the small heat shock protein genes Hsp 20.8 and Hsp 20.4. The Hsp 70 showed increased expression during the recovery period as compared to 1 hr thermal treatments ($38^{\circ}C$/1 hr and $42^{\circ}C$/1 hr). Whereas, Hsp 40, Hsp 20.8 and Hsp 20.4 genes showed higher expression level at initial stages that later gradually decrease during recovery period. Tissue specific expression of Hsp 70 showed variation in the level of expression amongst the tissues. The mid gut and fat body tissues showed higher expression than the cuticle and silk gland tissue. The Hsp 70, Hsp 40 gene expression was analyzed in thermotolerant (Nistari) and thermo susceptible silk worm strain (NB4D2) and results showed significant variation in their expression level. The Nistari showed higher expression of Hsp 70 and Hsp 40 genes than the NB4D2. These findings provide a better understanding of cellular protection mechanisms against environmental stress such as heat shock, as these Hsps are involved in an organism thermotolerance.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.533-541
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• 2000

Compared to mammal including human, many bioreactive genes that regulate various biological events has not been cloned and characterized yet in fishes, especially shark, Scyliorhinus torazame. In orther to isolate genes that regulate physiological processes in cartilaginors fishes, we performed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using the RNA of cartilage tissues of Scyliofhinus torazame. The cloned partial genes were 86%, 80%, 73%, 84%, 75%, 79% identical to $\alpha$- actin, 90-kDa heat-shock protein, methyle-neterahydrofolate dehydrogenase-methenyltertrahydrofolate cyclohudrolase-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, ubiquitin, glutamine synthetase and connective tissue growth factor genes of human, respectively. They also have similar nucleotide sequence homologues with those of another species. These partial bioreactive genes elucidated in this study may support to studies of phylogenetic analysis based on evolutionary relationships between shark and other species.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.181-187
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• 2013

In order to investigate environmental stress inducible genes in abalone, we analyzed differentially expressed transcripts from a Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, after exposure to heat-, cold- or hyposalinity-shock by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method. 1,074 unique sequences from SSH libraries were composed to 115 clusters and 986 singletons, the overall redundancy of the library was 16.3%. From the BLAST search, of the 1,316 ESTs, 998 ESTs (75.8%) were identified as known genes, but 318 clones (24.2%) did not match to any previously described genes. From the comparison results of ESTs pattern of three SSH cDNA libraries, the most abundant EST was different in each SSH library: small heat shock protein p26 (sHSP26) in heat-shock, trypsinogen 2 in cold-shock, and actin in hyposalinity SSH cDNA library. Based on sequence similarities, several response-to-stress genes such as heat shock proteins (HSPs) were identified commonly from the abalone SSH libraries. HSP70 gene was induced by environmental stress regardless of temperature-shock or salinity-stress, while the increase of sHSP26 mRNA expression was not detected in cold-shock but in heat-shock condition. These results suggest that the suppression subtractive hybridization method is an efficient way to isolate differentially expressed gene from the invertebrate environmental stress-response transcriptome.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.203-210
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• 1992

Hsp70, a 70 kDa protein, is the maior protein expressed when cells are heat-shocked. A cDNA library from mouse ID13 cells was screened with the human hsp70 gene as a probe, and a positive clone was obtained. The positive clone was subcloned into puc19 and the precise restriction was obtained. The CDNA was sequenced by the Sanger's dideoxv termination method. Single open reading frame that codes for a protein of 70 kDa was found. The DNA sequence of the cloned mouse DNA shows great homology (66-90%) with other mouse hsp70 genes and somewhat less homology (50",) with E. coli hsp70 gene (dnak). With the exception of one amino acid, the protein sequence deduced from the CDNA is identical to the mouse that shock cognate protein 70 (hsc70) that is constitutivelv expressed at normal temperature. The result suggests that the cloned CDNA encodes a hsc70 family rather than a heatinducible family.mily.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.105-109
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• 2005

Heat Shock Transcription Factor (HSF), and the promoter heat Shock Element (HSE), are among the most highly conserved transcriptional regulatory elements in nature. HSF mediates the transcriptional response of eukaryotic cells to heat, infection and inflammation, pharmacological agents, and other stresses. While HSF is essential for cell viability in yeast, oogenesis and early development in Drosophila, extended life-span in C. elegans, and extra-embryonic development and stress resistance in mammals, little is known about its full range of biological target genes. We used whole genome analyses to identify virtually all of the direct transcriptional targets of yeast HSF, representing nearly three percent of the genomic loci. The majority of the identified loci are heat-inducibly bound by yeast HSF, and the target genes encode proteins that have a broad range of biological functions including protein folding and degradation, energy generation, protein secretion, maintenance of cell integrity, small molecule transport, cell signaling, and transcription. Approximately 30% of the HSF direct target genes are also induced by the diauxic shift, in which glucose levels begin to be depleted. We demonstrate that phosphorylation of HSF by Snf1 kinase is responsible for expression of a subset of HSF targets upon glucose starvation.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 2010

Radiofrequency (RF) radiation might induce the transcription of a certain set of genes as other physical stresses like ionizing radiation and UV. To observe transcriptional changes upon RF radiation, we exposed WI-38, human lung fibroblast cell to 1763 MHz of mobile phone RF radiation at 60 W/kg of specific absorption rate (SAR) for 24h with or without heat control. There were no significant changes in cell numbers and morphology after exposure to RF radiation. Using quantitative RT-PCR, we checked the expression of three heat shock protein (HSP) (HSPA1A, HSPA6 and HSP105) and seven stress-related genes (TNFRSF11B, FGF2, TGFB2, ITGA2, BRIP1, EXO1, and MCM10) in RF only and RF/HS groups of RF-exposed cells. The expressions of three heat shock proteins and seven stress-related genes were selectively changed only in RF/HS groups. Based on the expression of ten genes, we could classify thermal and non-thermal effect of RF-exposure, which genes can be used as biomarkers for RF radiation exposure.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.32-39
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• 2005

In order to identify potential biomarkers of environmental monitoring, we evaluated heat shock genes expressions as effects of various environmental pollutants (nonylphenol, bisphenol-A, 17a­ethynyl estradiol, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, endosulfan, paraquat dichloride, chloropyriphos, fenitrothion, cadmium chloride, lead nitrate, potassium dichromate, benzo[a]pyrene and carbon tetrachloride) on larvae of aquatic midge Chironomus tentans (Diptera, Chironomidae). Heat shock protein 70 gene expression increased in most of chemicals treated larvae compared to control. The response was rapid and sensitive to low chemical concentrations but not stressor specific. In conjunction with stressor specific biomarkers, heat shock protein 70 gene expression in Chironomus might be developed for assessing exposure to environmental stressors in the fresh water ecosystem. Considering the potential of Chironomus larvae as biomonitoring species, heat shock gene expression has a considerable potential as a sensitive biomarker for environmental monitoring in Chironomus.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2018

The assessment of level of health of the tidal flats can be evaluate by health of organisms inhabit the tidal flats. It is possible to evaluate the precise health level of organisms inhabit the tidal flats using analysis of expression of biomarker genes. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the health of the tidal flats on the west coast using biomarker genes such as heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), glutathione S-transferases (GST) and thioredoxin (TRX). These genes are stress, immune, and antioxidant related genes that can be used to look at the health of an organism through gene expression. In this study, we collected manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) in 8 analysis areas on the west coast. Expression of the genes was analyzed by RT-qPCR method. Results showed that, the expression of Hsp70, Hsp90, GST and TRX genes were differentially expressed in the 8 analysis areas. In particular, the expression of Hsp90 and GST or the expression of Hsp70 and TRX were similar. This means that there is a substance that reacts specifically to each gene. Therefore, I think suggest that the based on the results of physicochemical analysis, it can be selected genes suitable for analysis. These results suggest that Hsp70, Hsp90, GST and TRX were played roles in biomarker for assessment of the health of tidal flats.