• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 동계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.434-439
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• 2008

Dome stadiums give thermal unpleasant feeling to occupants because of the radiant heat and the indoor and outdoor haet exchange from roogs or lightweight building envelopes of sidewalls. This study analyzed the indoor temperature and velocity distribution according to various air supply and return sustems in dome stadiums in summer.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2011

Renewable energy is growing based on low-carbon green energy government policies. According to this policy, geothermal energy is highly efficient and environmental friendly energy which is being recently expanded. However, construction companies are generated disorderly but their ability has not been verified due to the poor geothermal facility which was reported in the media. In the this paper introduce on Busan region's largest geothermal facility, it was confirmed that thermal efficiency of the underground is close to heat exchanger performance. Therefore the study improving the efficiency of underground heat exchange found progressed. The results showed voids between borehole and ground heat exchanger should not be raised. And then geothermal facilities were installed very successfully through the principle grouting operation. As compared to the energy consumption on the basis of operating results energy usage was less than any other heat sources.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2008

The present study investigated the pressure drop and the total frost mass of the louvered fin type heat exchanger, which is widely used at the air-conditioning system. The pressure drop due to the frosting phenomenon and the total frost mass were investigated by changing the wet bulb temperature condition of the inlet air. Hence the brain of 55wt% was used as a cooling solution instead of a common refrigerant. The temperature difference between the brine and the tube outside wall at the outlet of heat exchanger was $10^{\circ}C$, at maximum, higher than that at the inlet of heat exchanger. As the wet bulb temperatures were increased, the pressure drop was linearly increased due to the increment of frost mass. And the increment of heat exchange rate was smaller than that of inlet air enthalpy due to the increment of frost mass. The pressure drop of air side was rapidly increased due to the progress of frosting phenomena. The run time that the pressure drop occurred rapidly was decreased by the growth of frost.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2011

Korea and some other countries located in the northern hemisphere employ the air conditioner for the space cooling in the hot summer season and also some kinds of heaters for the space heating in the cold winter season. Especially in Korea, a great number of air conditioners of about 12,700,000 sets have been used these days. However, they are used for a short operation period of only 58 days a year, which results in the material and economic losses. To solve this problem and employ this system for the emergency shelter, a new conversion unit which could convert the existing air conditioner to a heat pump system for simultaneous heating and cooling was developed in this study, and the thermal performance was tested. The results indicated that the indoor air could be heated from $27^{\circ}C$ to $39^{\circ}C$ by the air conditioner converted to a heat pump system with the ambient temperature variation of $-10^{\circ}C{\sim}10^{\circ}C$, and cooled from $20^{\circ}C$ to $15^{\circ}C$ by the converted system with the ambient temperature variation of $20^{\circ}C{\sim}35^{\circ}C$. And also the heating COP increased from 3.3 to 5.3 in case of the heat exchange of the super cooling(HESC) circuit and from 3.0 to 4.0 in case of the By-pass with the ambient temperature variation of $-10^{\circ}C{\sim}10^{\circ}C$, respectively, whereas the cooling COP decreased from 3.1 to 2.1with the increase of the ambient temperature from $20^{\circ}C$ to $35^{\circ}C$.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 온실의 온풍식 난방시스템 연통에 장착할 수 있는 폐열 회수기의 성능을 개선하기 위하여 각각 상이하게 설계된 3개의 열교환 장치에 대해 열회수 성능을 실험적으로 비교 분석하였다. A형 열회수시스템의 경우, 초기 투자비용과 현재의 농용 전력요금 하에서 대체로 1년을 전후하여 투자에 대한 보상이 충분한 것으로 판단된다. B형 및 C형 열회수시스템의 경우, 열 회수용 공기 흐름방향이 180$^{\circ}$굴절로 저항이 크게 발생되어 송풍팬의 전압 증가에 따른 유속 증가가 미미하며 동일한 열 교환면적에서는 송풍팬의 공기저항 증대로 열 회수 성능이 현저히 개선되지는 못했지만, 직선형보다 B형의 경우 약 5%. C형의 경우 약 13%정도 높은 열 회수효율을 보였다. 송풍팬의 용량은 A형에 사용된 용량인 25m$^3$/min전후가 적절할 것으로 판단되며, 적정 송풍팬 용량 하에서 열회수성능은 헤어핀형이 직선형보다 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 다만, 헤어핀형은 물론 직선형에서도 열교환 파이프의 배치밀도, 파이프 길이 및 두께 등의 변화에 따른 최적화 연구가 수반되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 인천국제공항 3단계 건설 사업에 포함된 지중열시스템에 대한 적정 지중열교환기 선정을 위해 현장 부지내 시스템의 열원(지중열원, 지하수), 채움재(벤토나이트, 콩자갈), 열교환 파이프 형태(U, D-U)별로 지중열교환기를 설치하여 지중열전도도, 시공성, 경제성을 평가하였다. 이를 위해 벤토나이트 그라우트에 single U형의 열교환파이프가 삽입된 일반수직밀폐형-I, 열교환 파이프의 접촉면적을 늘려 열교환율을 높이기 위해 single U형 열교환파이프를 두 개 삽입한 Double U형 일반수직밀폐형-II, 일반수직밀폐형-I의 채움재를 벤토나이트 대신 콩자갈로 적용한 개량수직밀폐형 및 SCW(standing column well)에 채움재를 넣은 함몰방지개방형(geohil)을 시험시공하였다. 초기비용에 대한 비용 비교분석결과 일반수직밀폐형-I 대비 개량수직밀폐형, 일반수직밀폐형-II의 경우 초기비용이 절감되었지만 시공성(채움재 주입, 열교환 파이프 삽입) 및 시공일수를 고려할 때 높은 경제성을 기대하기 어려우리라 판단된다. 또한 Geohil의 경우 초기 비용이 더 늘어났다.

• 공업화학
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.729-736
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• 1997

산업폐열을 활용하기 위해 금속염화물-암모니아계 화학열변환기를 설계하고 1kW-1hr 용량의 장치개발을 하였다. 이는 $170^{\circ}C$ 열원을 $210^{\circ}C$ 이상으로 승온시키는 화학열펌프 시스템으로서, 효율적인 화학반응기의 설계를 위하여 필요한 반응물의 양과 반응물의 조건 등을 산출하는 정적계산과 동적모사를 수행하였다. 모사결과 열교환면적이나 반응기내 염의 양 등의 변수에 따라 시스템의 온도와 출력이 변함을 알 수 있었고 또한 반응물질의 양과 겉보기밀도 및 장치구조의 영향을 고찰하고 최적조건을 결정할 수 있었다. 4단계 작동사이클에 따라 운전한 결과 온도 및 출력의 실험치는 모사치와 비교하여 양호한 결과를 얻었으며 이 화학열변환기는 일정온도로 승온시킬 수 있는 특징으로 인해 앞으로 산업공정에서 배출되는 폐열원을 활용할 수 있는 시스템으로서의 가능성을 확인하였다.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2010

A computational study for the optimal design of heat exchangers (HX) used in a high temperature and high pressure system is presented. Two types of air to air HX are considered in this study. One is a single-pass cross-flow type with straight plain tubes and the other is a two-pass cross-counter flow type with plain U-tubes. These two types of HX have the staggered arrangement of tubes. The design models are formulated using the number of transfer units ($\varepsilon$-NTU method) and optimized using a genetic algorithm. In order to design compact light weight HX with the minimum pressure loss and the maximum heat exchange rate, the weight of HX core is chosen as the object function. Dimensions and tube pitch ratio of a HX are used as design variables. Demanded performance such as the pressure loss (${\Delta}P$) and the temperature drop (${\Delta}T$) are used as constraints. The performance of HX is discussed and their optimal designs are presented with an investigation of the effect of design variables and constraints.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2014

This paper proposes an optimum pipe material (PVC vs. PE) design & selection for open loop ground heat exchangers. Heat exchange efficiency and/or workability, and the need for trench insulation were investigated by comparing EWT (cooling mode) of each system. CFD simulations for the PVC and PE pipe with the same inner diameter show similar EWT. This is because the PVC pipe has a small thickness but a low thermal conductivity as compared to the PE pipe, and thus these two properties tend to offset each other. However, a hypothetically insulated pipe led to a meaningful drop of EWT. This means pipe insulation is of importance in performance of ground heat exchangers. From analyzing climate data and system operation, it is not advantageous to insulate trench pipes due to construction difficulties and ground temperature characteristics that are seasonally varied.

• 오토저널
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.67-87
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• 1991

The computer program which predicts the gas exchange process of multi-cylinder 4-Stroke cycle spark-ignition engine, can be great assistance for the design and development of new engine. In this study, the computer program was developed to predict the gas exchange process of multi-cylinder four stroke cycle spark ignition engine including intake and exhaust systems. When gas exchange process is to be calculated, the evaluation of the variation of the thermo-dynamic properties with time and position in the intake and exhaust systems is required. For the purpose, the application of the generalized method of characteristics to the gas exchange process is known as one of the method. The simulation model developed was investigated to the analysis of the branch system of multi-cylinder. The models used were the 2-zone expansion model and single zone model for in cylinder calculation and the generalized method of characteristic including area change, friction, heat transfer and entropy gradients for pipe flow calculation. The empirical constants reduced to least number as possible were determined through the comparison with the experimented indicator diagram of one particular operation condition and these constants were applied to other operating condition. The predicted pressures in cylinder were compared with the experimental results over the wide range of equivalence ratio and ignition timing. The predicted values have shown good agreement with the experimental results. The thermodynamic properties in the intake and exhaust system were predicted over the wide range of equivalence ratio and ignition timing. The obtained results can be summarized as follows. 1. Pressures in the exhaust manifold have a little influence on the equivalence ratio, a great influence on the ignition timing. 2. Pressures in the inlet manifold are nearly unchanged by the equivalence ratio and the ignition timing. 3. In this study, the behaviors of the exhaust temperature, gas in the exhaust manifold were ascertained.