• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.2.1-2.14
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• 2023

Background: Hypothermia is a crucial environmental factor that elevates the risk of cardiovascular disease, but the underlying effect is unclear. Objectives: This study examined the role of cold stress (CS) in cardiac injury and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: In this study, a chronic CS-induced myocardial injury model was used; mice were subjected to chronic CS (4℃) for three hours per day for three weeks. Results: CS could result in myocardial injury by inducing the levels of heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70), enhancing the generation of creatine phosphokinase-isoenzyme (CKMB) and malondialdehyde (MDA), increasing the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) interleukin1b (IL-1β), IL-18, IL-6, and triggering the depletion of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH). Multiple signaling pathways were activated by cold exposure, including pyroptosis-associated NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3)-regulated caspase-1-dependent/Gasdermin D (GSDMD), inflammation-related toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-mediated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), as well as oxidative stressinvolved thioredoxin-1/thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) signaling pathways, which play a pivotal role in myocardial injury resulting from hypothermia. Conclusions: These findings provide new insights into the increased risk of cardiovascular disease at extremely low temperatures.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to identify antigens for a vaccine or drug target to control rabbit coccidiosis. A combination of 2-dimensional electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and mass spectrometric analysis were used to identify novel antigens from the sporozoites of Eimeria stiedae. Protein spots were recognized by the sera of New Zealand rabbits infected artificially with E. stiedae. The proteins were characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS) analysis in combination with bioinformatics. Approximately 868 protein spots were detected by silver-staining, and a total of 41 immunoreactive protein spots were recognized by anti-E. stiedae sera. Finally, 23 protein spots were successfully identified. The proteins such as heat shock protein 70 and aspartyl protease may have potential as immunodiagnostic or vaccine antigens. The immunoreactive proteins were found to possess a wide range of biological functions. This study is the first to report the proteins recognized by sera of infected rabbits with E. stiedae, which might be helpful in identifying potential targets for vaccine development to control rabbit coccidiosis.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2014

The variation in the level of immune response related gene expression in silkworm, Bombyx mori following infection with Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) was analyzed at different time intervals. The occlusion bodies of BmNPV orally inoculated to the two most divergent silkworm races viz., Sarupat (resistant to BmNPV infection) and CSR2 (susceptible to BmNPV infection) were subjected to oral BmNPV inoculation. The expression profile of gp 41 gene of BmNPV in the Sarupat and CSR2 races revealed that the virus could invade the midguts of both susceptible and resistant races. However, its multiplication was significantly less in the midgut of resistant race, while, in the susceptible race, the viral multiplication reached maximum level within 12 h. These findings indicate that potential host genes are involved in the inhibition of viral multiplication within larval midgut. The immune response genes arylphorin, cathepsin B, gloverin, lebocin, serpin, Hsp 19.9, Hsp 20.1, Hsp 20.4, Hsp 20.8, Hsp 21.4, Hsp 23.7, Hsp 40, Hsp 70, Hsp90 revealed differential level of expression on NPV infection. The gloverin, serpin, Hsp 23.7 and Hsp 40 genes are significantly up-regulated in the resistant race after NPV infection. The early up-regulation of these genes suggests that these genes could play an important role in baculovirus resistance in the silkworm, B. mori.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2010

The distribution of ambient air particles varies according to climate, industries, and other sources. In this study, ambient air particles (less than 12.1 ${\mu}m$) were monitored from February to August, 2007 as 12 different fractions sorted by a cascade impactor. Particles in the size range from 0.33 ${\mu}m$ to 0.76 ${\mu}m$ comprised the main fraction of ambient air particles in Seoul, Korea. On the day of an Asian dust event, the particle fraction size increased to 1.25~2.5 ${\mu}m$. The different sized particle fractions were also monitored for metals and were found to contain toxic heavy metals including Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr and As. Particle preparations were significantly cytotoxic when exposed to cultured BEAS-2B cells. Microarray analysis of the treated cells indicated a significant up-regulation of a number of genes associated with oxidative stress, including metallothionein, heme oxygenase-1, heat shock protein 70, and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase-1.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.248-256
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• 2014

N-acetylglucosamine kinase (GlcNAc kinase or NAGK; EC 2.7.1.59) is a N-acetylhexosamine kinase that belong to the sugar kinase/heat shock protein 70/actin superfamily. In this study, we investigated both the expression and function of NAGK in neurons. Immunohistochemistry of rat brain sections showed that NAGK was expressed at high levels in neurons but at low levels in astrocytes. Immunocytochemistry of rat hippocampal dissociate cultures confirmed these findings and showed that NAGK was also expressed at low levels in oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, several NAGK clusters were observed in the nucleoplasm of both neuron and glia. The overexpression of EGFP- or RFP (DsRed2)-tagged NAGK in rat hippocampal neurons (DIV 5-9) increased the complexity of dendritic architecture by increasing the numbers of primary dendrites and dendritic branches. In contrast, knockdown of NAGK by shRNA resulted in dendrite degeneration, and this was prevented by the co-expression of RFP-tagged NAGK. These results suggest that the upregulation of dendritic complexity is a non-canonical function of NAGK.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2015

The effects of high carbohydrate diet on growth, serum physiological response, and hepatic heat shock protein 70 expression in Wuchang bream were determined at $25^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$. At each temperature, the fish fed the control diet (31% CHO) had significantly higher weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activities, lower feed conversion ratio and hepatosomatic index (HSI), whole crude lipid, serum glucose, hepatic glucokinase (GK) activity than those fed the high-carbohydrate diet (47% CHO) (p<0.05). The fish reared at $25^{\circ}C$ had significantly higher whole body crude protein and ash, serum cholesterol and triglyceride, hepatic G-6-Pase activity, lower glycogen content and relative levels of hepatic growth hormone (GH) gene expression than those reared at $30^{\circ}C$ (p<0.05). Significant interaction between temperature and diet was found for HSI, condition factor, hepatic GK activity and the relative levels of hepatic GH gene expression (p<0.05).

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.412-427
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was carried out to compare the effects of Eejin-tang, Hyangsaeejin-tang and Naeso-san extracts on indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesions in mice. Methods : Experimental mice were divided into six groups. The normal group had no gastro-inflammation. In the control group, gastro-inflammation was elicited by indomethacin. Misoprostol, Eejin-tang, Hyangsaeejin-tang and Naeso-san group were those in which misoprostol, Eejin-tang extract, Hyangsaeejin-tang extract and Naeso-san extract were administered after gastro-inflammation is elicited. This study examined the anti-inflammation effects and distribution of mucus secreting cells, zonula occludin-1 (ZO-1), heat shock protein (HSP) 70, periodic acid-schiff reaction stain (PAS), peanut agglutinin (PNA), cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-${\kappa}B$) p65, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Results : 1. The hemorrhagic erosion and damaged mucus secreting cell, the positive reaction HSP70 increased in the control group, but decreased in the Eejin-tang, Hyangsaeejin-tang and Naeso-san groups. 2. The positive reaction of ZO-1, PAS, PNA, COX-1 and BrdU decreased in the control group, but increased in the Eejin-tang, Hyangsaeejin-tang and Naeso-san groups. 3. The positive reaction of NF-${\kappa}B$ p65, iNOS and COX-2 increased in the control group, but decreased in the Eejin-tang, Hyangsaeejin-tang and Naeso-san groups. Conclusions : Among the three extracts, the effects were in the order of Naeso-san, Hyangsaeejin-tang and Eejin-tang group, Naeso-san being the most effective.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.171-187
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• 1998

Garlic occupies a special position among the many foods of vegetable origin because it is the sole food for Koreans during the their lives. And vitamin A has been ingested by forms of food or additives. Cadmium has been described as one of the most dangerous trace elements in the food and environment of man and livestocks. Since the de novo synthesis of stress proteins can be detected early after exposure to some agents, analysis of cadmium-induced changes in gene expression , ie. alterations in patterns of protein synthesis, may be useful to develop as biomarkers of exposure and damage for food hygiene. He acute and chronic combine effects of cadmium (Cd, CdCl2 20mg/kg), garlic oil(Dds: diallyl disulfide 50mg/kg, 3 times a week) and vitamin A(Ra: retinol acetate 50,000 IU/kg, 3 times a week) on Wistar male rats were evaluated concerning cadmium contents, tissues enzyme activity, HSP expression histopathological and electron microscopical examinations. The results of the study are as follows ; 1. Less cadmium was absorbed through the digestive tracts, but the ratio of contents in tissue were not changed by the simultaneous adminstration of diallyl disufide or retinol acetate. 2. ALT(alanine aminotransferase) , AST(aspartate aminotransferase), glucose, BUN (blood urea nitrogen), creatinine, the key indices of the clinical changes in hepatic and renal function were significantly hanged by the cadmium treatment after 1 week in liver, after 4 weeks in kidney. 3. Histopathological changes in cadmium treated rats were appeared at 8 weeks age treatment in kidneys. Homogenous eosinophilic material was accumulated in cortical and collecting tubular lumens at 16 weeks. Degenerated or necrotized tubular cells were observed in cortex and medulla. Degenerated seminiferous tubules and homogeneous eosinophilic material was seen in interstitial tissue of rat treated with cadmium for 16 weeks. Calcium deposits were seen in degenerated seminiferous tubules and the tubules showed severe calcification of rat treated with cadmium for 16 weeks. Electron microscope changes in kidney were observed in rats treated with CdCl2 20 mg/kg. Proximal convoluted tubule cells showed selling of cytoplasm and narrow lumen. Capillary endothelial cells showed cytoplasmic vacuoles and swelling. Degenerated epithelial cells were accumulated in tubular lumen of kidney. 4. Enhanced synthesis of 70 KDa relateve molecular mass proteins were detected in 2 hours after cadmium, exposure, with maximum activity occurring at 8~48 hours. Induction of HSP 70 was evident at proximal tubules and glomeruli in kidney. Testicular cells produced enough HSP to be detected normally. From the above results, it could be concluded that HSP70 induction by the cadmium treatment was a rapid reaction to indicated the exposure of xenobiotics, and retinol acetate reduced the cadmium induced nephrotoxicity.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.470-480
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• 2000

The epithelium of odontogenic cyst seems to be in a specific status of cellular proliferation and cytodifferentiation. With the identification of various genes, which play essential roles in the specific stages of cellular proliferation and differentiation, the cellular conditions of odontogenic cyst epithelium need to be reevaluated. This study aimed to estimate the degree of proliferating, differentiating and apoptotic activities of odontogenic cyst epithelium using antisera of PCNA, Ki-67, MPM-2, transglutaminase C, heat shock protein 70 and $ApopTag$^{(R)}$. method in 19 cases of odontogenic cysts. Cellular changes of the cyst epithelium were measured by intensity of each immunohistochemical staining. Results were as follows: 1. The proliferating activity of the cyst epithelium was slightly lower than that of normal oral mucosal epithelium, with the use of primary antibodies against PCNA, Ki-67, and MPM-2. And the proliferating activity of the epithelium in OKC group was even higher than that of the epithelium in non-OKC group. 2. The odontogenic cysts showed weakly positive reaction with transglutaminase C, but strongly positive reaction with HSP 70. 3. Occasionally, only a few apoptotic cell was observed in the superficial keratin layer of OKC. 4. The hyperplastic cyst epithelium infiltrated with mild inflammatory cells showed diffusely positive reaction with different proliferating factors. From the above results, we presumed that the endogenous proliferating and differentiating activity of the cyst epithelium was slightly lower than that of normal oral mucosal epithelium, and also supposed that the cyst epithelium could be reactivated for the further proliferation by the exogenous factors, such as inflammatory reaction and any chemicophysical irritations.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.1098-1103
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• 2003

열처리에 의한 대두 단백질의 용출 변화를 조사하기 위하여 만리, 태광, 은하, 풍산나물, 검정콩 1호와 일품검정의 6가지 장려품종 대두를 온도와 시간에 따라 열처리를 달리하여 침치액의 pH와 가용성 고형물함량과 단백질 특성을 살펴보았다. $60^{\circ}C$에서 90분 동안 열처리 후 침지액의 pH는 열처리 전보다 높았으며 $60^{\circ}C$에서 열처리 시간이 증가함에 따라 pH는 감소하였다. 침지액의 가용성고형물 함량은 열처리 온도에 따라서 $50^{\circ}C$ 이후 급격한 증가를 보였으며, 열처리 시간에 따라서 용출량의 증가를 보였다. 다른 대두에 비해 풍산나물과 은하의 경우 시간에 따라 비례적인 증가경향을 보였으며 검정콩 1호와 일품검정은 낮은 당도를 나타내었다. 단백질함량은 열처리 온도와 시간이 증가함에 따라 증가하였는데 검정콩1호와 일품검정은 다른 대두에 비해 각각 2배와 4배 정도 높은 단백질 농도를 나타내었다. 검정콩1호, 만리 및 은하 품종의 SDS-PAGE 특성은 모든 대두에서 비슷한 분리대를 보였다. 열처리 온도가 증가함에 따라 전체적으로 단백질 용출량이 증가하였고, $50^{\circ}C$ 및 $60^{\circ}C$에서 대략 31kDa과 16kDa의 새로운 단백질이 뚜렷하게 증가하였다. 열처리 시간이 증가함에 따라서도 단백질 용출량은 증가하였고 새로운 단백질 분획은 다른 단백질 보다 용출량이 더 증가하였다. 선행연구와의 비교로 열처리에 의해 나타난 31kDa와 16kDa의 단백질은 장려품종 대두에서 합성된 열충격 단백질(heat shock protein, HSP)이 용출된 것으로 판단하였다.養素) 이용율중(利用率中) 지방이용율은 대체로 일반식이 내의 륵지방(肋脂肪)보다는 지방질(脂肪質) 첨가식이내(添加食餌內)의 륵지방(肋脂肪)이 흡수율(吸收率)이나 이용률(利用率)이 더 우수함을 보여주었고, 근소축적률(筋素蓄積率)은 쥐에 있어서는 어유(魚油)군이 73.5%, 병아리에 있어서는 채종유군이 52.1%로 가장 높았으며 또한 쥐에서는 참기름군이 66.0%, 병아리에서는 대조구가 33.4로 가장 낮았으나 각 구별 통계적(統計的)인 차이는 없었다. 4. 쥐 실험(實驗)에서만 실시된 간지방(肝脂防) 함량측정(含量測定)은 채종유군의 그것이 다른 군보다 높았으며 옥수수기름, 콩기름, 참기름, 들기름, 동물유, 어유의 순서였으나 통계적(統計的)인 유의성(留意性)은 인정(認定)되지 않았고 일반적(一般的)으로 식물성 유지급여군의 간지방함량(肝脂肪含量)이 다른 군보다 높았다. 5. 혈청(血淸)콜레스테롤 함량(含量)은 쥐에 있어서는 채종유군이 가장 높았으며 참기름군이 비교적(比較的) 높은 수치(數値)를 나타냈고, 병아리실험에서는 동물유군이 어유, 콩기름, 참기름, 들기름, 옥수수기름, 채종유, 대조군보다 높았으나 통계적(統計的)인 유의차(留意差)는 없었다.6. 지방산조성(脂肪酸造成)은 동물성유지는 대체로 palmitic acid, myristic acid함량이 많았으며 식물성유는 Linoleic acid 와 oleic acid가 많았고 옥수수기름이 필수지방산인 Linoleic acid 함량이 54.7%로 가장많았으며 특히 들기름이 2중 결합 3개인 Linolenic acid가 58.4%로 다른 식물성기름보다 월등히 높았다. 한편 식물성 기름에는 Arachidonic acid 가 소량있으나 동물유(動物油)나 어유(魚油)에서는 분석(分析)되지 못했다.