• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.250-258
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• 2014

Due to recent industrial growth and development, there has been a high demand for light and highly durable materials. Therefore, a variety of new materials has been developed. These new materials include carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP or CRP), which is a wear-, fatigue-, heat-, and corrosion-resistant material. Because of its advantageous properties, CFRP is widely used in diverse fields including sporting goods, electronic parts, and medical supplies, as well as aerospace, automobile, and ship materials. However, this new material has several problems, such as delamination around the inlet and outlet holes at drilling, fiber separation, and tearing on the drilled surface. Moreover, drill chips having a fine particulate shape are harmful to the work environment and engineers' health. In fact, they deeply penetrate into machine tools, causing the reduction of lifespan and performance degradation. In this study, CFRP woven and unidirectional prepregs were formed at $45^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$, respectively, in terms of orientation angle. Using a high-speed steel drill and a TiAIN-coated drill, the two materials were tested in three categories: cutting force with respect to RPM and feed speed; shape changes around the input and outlet holes; and the shape of drill chips.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2013

Robotic GMA (Gas Metal Arc) welding process is one of widely acceptable metal joining process. The heat and mass inputs are coupled and transferred by the weld arc to the molten weld pool and by the molten metal that is being transferred to the weld pool. The amount and distribution of the input energy are basically controlled by the obvious and careful choices of welding process parameters in order to accomplish the optimal bead geometry and the desired quality of the weldment. To make effective use of automated and robotic GMA welding, it is imperative to predict online faults for bead geometry and welding quality with respect to welding parameters, applicable to all welding positions and covering a wide range of material thickness. MD (Mahalanobis Distance) technique was employed for investigating and modeling the GMA welding process and significance test techniques were applied for the interpretation of the experimental data. To successfully accomplish this objective, two sets of experiment were performed with different welding parameters; the welded samples from SM 490A steel flats. First, a set of weldments without any faults were generated in a number of repeated sessions in order to be used as references. The experimental results of current and voltage waveforms were used to predict the magnitude of bead geometry and welding quality, and to establish the relationships between weld process parameters and online welding faults. Statistical models developed from experimental results which can be used to quantify the welding quality with respect to process parameters in order to achieve the desired bead geometry based on weld quality criteria.

• 대한기계학회논문집 C: 기술과 교육
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2016

엔진 성능 혹은 효율의 극대화는 엔진 구성품들을 점점 더 극한의 환경에서 장시간 운용되게 요구하고 있다. 이를 위해 엔진 제작사 혹은 연구소는 초내열합금, 냉각 설계 최적화, 열차폐 코팅 개선 등의 노력과 동시에 재료 모델링, 유한요소해석, 최적설계 등의 수치 해석 기법을 적용하여 좀 더 정교한 설계 및 해석을 수행하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 연소기 뒤에 위치하는 1 단 고압터빈 노즐의 끝벽 냉각 설계와 열차폐 코팅에 따른 일방향 응고 재료인 1 단 고압터빈 블레이드의 저주기 피로 수명에 대한 영향을 고찰하고자 한다. 이를 위해 경계 조건인 고온 및 고압의 연소 가스에 의한 노즐 및 블레이드의 금속 온도는 복합 열 전달 해석을 통해 얻고, 이 결과를 받아 블레이드의 구조 해석 및 저주기 피로수명을 평가하여 노즐 냉각설계와 열차폐 코팅의 영향을 분석하였다.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.211-222
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• 2007

We compare insolation results calculated from two well-known empirical formulas (Socket and Beaudry's SB73 formula and the original Smithsonian (SMS) formula) and a radiative transfer model using input data predicted from meteorological weather-forecast models, and review the accuracy of each method. Comparison of annual mean daily irradiance values for clear-sky conditions between the two formulas shows that, relative to the SMS, the SB73 underestimates spring values by 9 W $m^{-2}$ in the northern Adriatic Sea, although overall there is a good agreement between the annual results calculated with the two formulas. We also elucidate the effect on SMS of changing the 'Sun-Earth distance factor (f)', a parameter which is commonly assumed to be constant in the oceanographic context. Results show that the mean daily solar radiation for clear-sky conditions in the northern Adriatic Sea can be reduced as much as 12 W $m^{-2}$ during summer due to a decrease in the f value. Lastly, surface irradiance values calculated from a simple radiative transfer model (GM02) for clear-sky conditions are compared to those from SB73 and SMS. Comparison with iu situ data in the northern Adriatic Sea shows that the GM02 estimate gives more realistic surface irradiance values than SMS, particularly during summer. Additionally, irradiance values calculated by GM02 using the buoy meteorological fields and ECMWF (The European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts) meteorological data show the suitability of the ECMWF data usage. Through tests of GM02 sensitivity to key regional meteorological factors, we explore the main factors contributing significantly to a reduction in summertime solar irradiance in the Adriatic Sea.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2004

In most RP processes, the inherent stair-stepped surfaces and shrinkage-induced warping of the parts require post processing such as surface finishing. To minimize such defects, VLH-ST, a newly developed RP process, employs a 3.9-mm thick expandable polystyrene (EPS) foam sheet and a hot wire to contour it to have slant linear-interpolated sides. The use of relatively thick sheets for layers, however, limits the process capability of constructing fine details, especially smaller than the layer thickness. This study is focused on the development of a post processing method fo fine details of VLM-ST parts. The post-processing tool was designed to meet all the requirements for the desirable post processing. It adopted a hot wire as a means of melting the EPS foam sheet. Various basic experiments on the post processing were carried out to obtain the optimal process conditions. The dominant process parameters such as the radiated heat input, the tool speed, and the gap between the tool tip and the foam sheet (tool height) were considered in the experiments. The effectiveness of the developed post-processing method fo forming or engraving fine details on the VLM-ST parts has been thus demonstrated. The experiments on engraving several sets of letters, such as CANESM, 인간, and 한국과학기술원, on the EPS foam sheet were carried out. In addition, a flowery shape was engraved on a three-dimensionally curved surface of a pottery-shape VLM-ST part.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.35-43
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• 1998

In this paper, the fracture toughness evaluation of the various microstructures such as HAZ, F.L and W.M in weldment of TMCP steel which has the softening zone owing to high heat input welding was carried out by using of the small punch(SP) test. In addition, the fracture toughness with the specimen orientation of rolled TMCP steel was investigated by means of SP test and the crack opening displacement (COD) test and then was compared with that of conventional SM50YB steel. From the results of SP test for TMCP steel, it could be seen that the SP energy transition curves of three different orientation were shifted to higher temperature side in order of S, T and L. But the {TEX}$DBTT_{SP}${/TEX} of each orientation specimen did not show a lot of differences and were quite lower than those of conventional SM50YB steel. The mechanical properties of HAZ structure in weldment of TMCP steel such as hardness, SP energy at room temperature and -196$^{\circ}C$ and the upper shelf energy of SP energy transition curve were lower than those of base metal due to softening. The {TEX}$DBTT_{SP}${/TEX} of each microstructure in weldment of TMCP steel increased in order of HAZ, F.L and W.M against base metal, but all microstructures showed a quite lower {TEX}$DBTT_{SP}${/TEX} than those of SM50YB steel.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.185-191
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• 2005

An accurate prediction of dormancy release and bud burst in temperate zone fruit trees is indispensable for farmers to plan heating time under partially controlled environments as well as to reduce the risk of frost damage in open fields. A thermal time-based two-step phenological model that originated in Italy was applied to two important grapevine cultivars in Korea for predicting bud-burst dates. The model consists of two sequential periods: a rest period described by chilling requirement and a forcing period described by heating requirement. It requires daily maximum and minimum temperature as an input and calculates daily chill units (chill days in negative sign) until a pre-determined chilling requirement for rest release is met. After the projected rest release date, it adds daily heat units (anti-chill days in positive sign) to the chilling requirement. The date when the sum reaches zero isregarded as the bud-burst in the model. Controlled environment experiments using field sampled twigs of 'Campbell Early' and 'Kyoho' cultivars were carried out in the vineyard at the National Horticultural Research Institute (NHRI) in Suwon during 2004-2005 to derive the model parameters: threshold temperature for chilling and chilling requirement for breaking dormancy. The model adjusted with the selected parameters was applied to the 1994-2004 daily temperature data obtained from the automated weather station in the NHRI vineyard to estimate bud burst dates of two cultivars and the results were compared with the observed data. The model showed a consistently good performance in predicting the bud burst of 'Campbell Early' and 'Kyoho' cultivars with 2.6 and 2.5 days of root mean squared error, respectively.

• 대기
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.451-461
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• 2019

Medium-range forecast is highly dependent on ensemble forecast data. However, operational weather forecasters have not enough time to digest all of detailed features revealed in ensemble forecast data. To utilize the ensemble data effectively in medium-range forecasting, representative weather patterns in East Asia in this study are defined. The k-means clustering analysis is applied for the objectivity of weather patterns. Input data used daily Mean Sea Level Pressure (MSLP) anomaly of the ECMWF ReAnalysis-Interim (ERA-Interim) during 1981~2010 (30 years) provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Using the Explained Variance (EV), the optimal study area is defined by 20~60°N, 100~150°E. The number of clusters defined by Explained Cluster Variance (ECV) is thirty (k = 30). 30 representative weather patterns with their frequencies are summarized. Weather pattern #1 occurred all seasons, but it was about 56% in summer (June~September). The relatively rare occurrence of weather pattern (#30) occurred mainly in winter. Additionally, we investigate the relationship between weather patterns and extreme weather events such as heat wave, cold wave, and heavy rainfall as well as snowfall. The weather patterns associated with heavy rainfall exceeding 110 mm day^-1 were #1, #4, and #9 with days (%) of more than 10%. Heavy snowfall events exceeding 24 cm day^-1 mainly occurred in weather pattern #28 (4%) and #29 (6%). High and low temperature events (> 34℃ and < -14℃) were associated with weather pattern #1~4 (14~18%) and #28~29 (27~29%), respectively. These results suggest that the classification of various weather patterns will be used as a reference for grouping all ensemble forecast data, which will be useful for the scenario-based medium-range ensemble forecast in the future.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.264-273
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• 2011

고준위폐기물처분장에서 벤토나이트완충재는 공학적방벽의 중요한 구성요소 중 하나이다. 벤토나이트완충재는 방사성폐기물로부터의 붕괴열, 주위 암반으로부터의 지하수 유입, 고밀도로 압축된 벤토나이트 자체의 높은 팽윤압에 의해 큰 영향을 받는다. 그러므로 벤토나이트완충재의 열-수리-역학적 특성 이해와 평가모델의 입력데이터 확보는 고준위폐기물처분장의 성능 및 안전성 평가를 위해서 선행되어야 할 중요한 과제이다. 본 논문에서는 우리나라 고준위폐기물처분장 완충재 후보물질을 대상으로 지금까지 수행된 열-수리-역학적 특성을 분석하고, 기준벤토나이트완충재 조건을 설정하여, 이 조건에 부합되는 벤토나이트완충재의 열-수리-역학적 특성치를 제시하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2016

신뢰성 및 반복성을 포함한 장점을 갖고 있는 고주파 유도 경화는 많은 산업분야에 사용된다. 고주파 유도 경화는 화염을 이용하지 않고 최소한의 시간에 에너지-효율적인 가열방법을 제공하는 비접촉식 방법이다. 최근, 유한요소법을 이용한 고주파 유도 경화가 적극적으로 연구되고 있지만, 이들 연구는 단지 분석의 정확도에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 본 논문에서는 코일 및 입력 전원을 동일한 형태의 조건에서 가변 주파수를 적용하여 해석하고 실험결과와 비교하였다. 해석과 실험 결과는 최적의 주파수인 3kHz를 사용하였을 때 경화 깊이가 거의 동일함을 보인다.