• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.166-183
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• 2008

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference of pathogenesis between tinnitus patients group and healthy volunteers group by using DSOM (Diagnostic system of Oriental Medicine). Methods : Patients group is consisted of people who do not have any disorder except tinnitus, and healthy volunteers group is consisted of people who do not have any special symptom and past history. DSOM was used for pathogenesis investigation of these two groups. Results : There were significant differences between volunteers group and patients group in blood (血虛), dampness (濕), phlegm (痰) (p<0.05), In gender of patients group, deficiency of blood (血虛) was shown with female group statistically more than male group (p<0.05). On the other hand, with volunteers group, there was negligible difference between male and female. In age (over and below 50years), noticeable deficiency of blood (血虛) was shown in patients group. Especially, the old people who are over 50 years showed more deficiency of blood (血虛) than younger group (under 50 years) (p<0.05). With volunteers group, there was only negligible difference. Conclusion : This result showed definite difference in the pathogenesis between tinnitus patiensts group and healthy volunteers group.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2013

The presence of distinct bacterial species is found to be dependent on age, diet, and disease. We compared the detection rate of several oral bacterial strains in a cohort of 36 subjects including healthy volunteers, periodontal patients, and oral cancer patients. Gargling samples were obtained from these subjects from which DNA was then extracted. Specific primers for 29 bacterial species were used for PCR detection. In the oral cancer patients, Capnocytophaga ochracea, Gemella morbillorum, and Streptococcus salivarius were detected more frequently compared with the healthy volunteers and periodontitis patients. Fusobacterium nucleatum/ polymorphym and Prevotella nigrescens were significantly less prevalent in oral cancer patients than the other groups. In periodontitis patients, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola were more frequently found compared with the healthy volunteers. In the healthy volunteer group, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius was more frequently found than the other groups. The detection rate of several oral bacterial species was thus found to differ between healthy volunteers, periodontitis patients and oral cancer patients.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.103-113
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• 2007

We monitored antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolates from healthy volunteers of community and chicken butchers from February to July in 2006. From disc diffusion test on 473 E coli isolates from healthy volunteers of the community, the resistance rates of tetracycline, ampicillin, and ticarcillin were 44.8%, 40.8%, and 37.4%, respectively. In the disc diffusion test on 18 E coli isolates from chicken butchers, the resistance rates of tetracycline, nalidixic, streptomycin, and ampicillin were 94.4%, 61.1%, 55.6%, and 50.0%, respectively.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.88-91
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to compare the pkarmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin using a 2-compartment model in 8 Korean healthy volunteers and 8 lymphoma patients. Vancomycin (1.0 g) was administered by IV infusion over 60 minutes. The $\beta-phase$ rate constant $(\beta)$, apparent volume of distribution at steady srate $(V_{ss})$, total body clearance (CL) and area under the plasma level-time curve (AUC) of vancomycin in healthy volunteers were $0.15\pm0.02\;hr^{-1},\;33.8\pm4.12\;L/kg,\;5.36\pm0.61\;L/hr\;and\;185.8\pm20.5\;{\mu}g/ml{\cdot}hr$, respectively. The corresponding values in lymphoma patients ere $0.09\pm0.02\;hr^{-1},\;38.2\pm5.11\;L/kg,\;4.58\pm0.52\;L/hr\;and\;218.3\pm22.9\;{\mu}g/ml{\cdot}hr$. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in ${\beta}$ and CL between healthy volunteers and lymphoma patients.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.252-256
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 지역사회 일반인에게 분리된 대장균과 종합병원을 내원한 설사환자에서 분리한 대장균에 대하여 항생제 내성현황을 모니터링 하였다. 2006년 2월$\sim$7월까지 인천의 지역사회 일반인 692명의 대변으로부터 순수하게 분리된 대장균 491 균주에 대해 항생제 내성균을 조사한 결과, tetracycline 내성이 46.6%, ampicillin 내성이 41.1% ticarcillin 내성이 37.9%였다. 또한 3차 의료기관의 설사환자에서 분리된 대장균 120 균주에 대하여 ampicillin 내성이 66.9%, ticareillin 내성이 63.8%, tetracycline 내성이 47.2%였다. $\beta$-lactam 분해효소(extended spectrum $\beta$-lactamase)를 생성하는 대장균은 지역사회 일반인의 경우 0.6%, 설사질환자의 경우4..1%로 각각 분리되었다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2000

Objectives : The characteristic of meridian system has been similar to this of electric potentials in human body. Therefore to measure the electric potentials in healthy volunteers and patients, and to find out the characteristic of meridian system and also to do that of differences between them. Methods : Twenty-nine healthy volunteers, thirty patients diagnosed as a cerebral infarction and wind-syndrome caused by hyperactivity of the liver-yang(肝陽化風) were examined into electric potential of well(井穴) and sea(合穴) points in branches of the twelve meridians by physiograph. Results : Measurements were analyzed by factor analysis, then we obtained that both the right and the left electric potential of well and sea points in branches of the twelves meridians in healthy volunteers were divided into two factors, hand meridian and foot meridian. Where as the left electric potential of those in patients with cerebral infarction were divided into three factors, one is foot meridian, another is hand meridian with the exception of large intestine meridian, and the other is large intestine meridian and also the right electric potential were divided into three factors, foot meridian, hand meridian with the exception of large intestine and lung meridian, and large intestine and lung meridian. Conclusions : In the results, healthy volunteers differ from patients in characteristic of electrical potentials, which means that we are able to catch the characteristic of meridian system by electrical potentials of well and sea points.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.153-164
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• 2020

Objectives This study is designed to evaluate the safety of Soshihotang soft extract in healthy male volunteers. Methods 12 healthy male volunteers were recruited and this study was carried out by a single center. Laboratory test results, vital signs of the volunteers were collected to evaluate safety. According to registration order, the 12 subjects were allocated by serial number. To evaluate safety, blood samples were taken and vital signs were checked 4 times-screening, pre administration, post administration and follow up-during the whole trial. The incidence of all adverse effects are shown in percentage. The mean and standard deviation were used to to describe and summarize continuous data. To evalate the effectiveness of the intervention, data of blood tests was analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test or paired T-test (p<0.05). Results In the case of red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, neutrophils, protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase values, the normality test result of the variable for the difference value before and after the dosing has a significance level <0.05. But most of values did not deviate from the normal range, and the deviation from the normal range could not be regarded as the significance associated with this clinical trial. And adverse event wasn't observed associated with the clinical trial drug. Conclusions Soshihotang soft extract were considered to be safe for healthy male volunteers.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2023

Objectives This study is designed to evaluate the safety of palmul-tang soft extract in healthy male volunteers. Methods Twelve healthy male volunteers were recruited. And this study was conducted in a single center. As a result of the laboratory test, the safety was evaluated by collecting vital signs of volunteers. Twelve subjects were assigned by serial number according to the registration order. For safety evaluation, blood samples were collected and vital signs were checked four times throughout the test period, including screening, pre-administration, post-administration (after 48 hours) and post-administration (after 7 days). The difference in variables was summarized as the mean±standard deviation. The normality was performed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk test. If normality is satisfied, a paired t-test is applied. Otherwise, the Wilcoxon sign rank test, which is a nonparametric method, is applied. The significance was p<0.05. The incidence of all side effects is expressed as a percentage. Results In the case of red blood cell, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values, the result of normality test of variables for the difference value before and after administration is significant level p<0.05. However, all laboratory test values before and after administration did not deviate from the normal range. Also the deviations in the normal range could not be seen as significance related to this clinical trial. And no side effects related to clinical trial drugs were observed. Conclusions The soft extract of palmul-tang was considered safe for healthy male volunteers.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.50-55
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• 2010

Cefetamet pivoxil is a prodrug of cefetamet possessing a broad spectrum of activity against many aerobic gram-positive and -negative organisms. Although many literatures in abroad had introduced its pharmacokinetics about two decays ago, no data have been revealed in Korean subjects. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of cefetamet following a single oral administration of cefetamet pivoxil in Korean healthy volunteers. After an overnight fast, a tablet of cefetamet pivoxil (500 mg) was given to eight volunteers, and blood samples were serially taken up to 12 h. Plasma concentrations of cefetamet were determined by HPLC with UV detection. Cefetamet reached the peak concentration ($2.0{\pm}1.3\;{\mu}g/ml$) at $3.0{\pm}0.8$ h, and mono-exponentially decayed at a half-life of $2.6{\pm}0.9$ h. Three volunteers represented very low systemic exposure compared to the others, which provided very large inter-individual variation in Cmax, and AUC. The present results were discussed and reviewed with the previously published data, and a couple of points are suggested for clinical trials of this drug in Korean subject including bioequivalence study.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2021

Objectives Domestic acupuncture research is being actively conducted in various fields. The aim of this study is to systematically analyze the current acupuncture randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted on healthy volunteers. Methods We searched RCTs by the search terms of (acupuncture & random & healthy) in 10 electronic databases and related journals. Then, we analyzed the characteristics and assessed the risk of bias by Cochrane tool. Results Finally, 49 acupuncture RCTs on health volunteers were included in our analysis. The purpose of research could be classified into five major categories: (1) checking the effects on physiological function, (2) comparing the effects of different acupuncture/acupuncture methods, (3) a study confirming improvement after inducing a specific condition, (4) a sham acupuncture study, and (5) a comparison of acupuncture sense. The Cochrane risk of bias was generally high, especially only 1 trial adopted allocation concealment (1/49, 2.0%) and 9 ones with assessor blinding (9/49, 18.4%). Conclusions Acupuncture RCTs in healthy subjects have confirmed various effects in various age/sex groups. However the research quality should be updated for future clinical research and to draw clear conclusion within rigorous methodology.