• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.77-85
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop the basic curriculum for the nurses who work at hospice and palliative care settings. Methods: Seven curricula of hospice and palliative care for the nurses in Korea and other countries were reviewed, and Education Need for hospice and palliative care was surveyed from 162 nurses by mailing the questionnaires to hospice palliative care settings. Results: 1. The curricula of hospice and palliative care for the nurses in Korea and other countries in common include 'understanding of hospice and palliative care', 'understanding of lift and death', 'pain and symptom management for person with terminal disease', 'on-the-spot study and practical training', 'management of hospice and palliative ward', 'hospice and palliative care at home', 'physical assessment', 'therapeutic communication skills', 'children's hospice', 'administration and management of hospice and palliative care', 'interdisciplinary team of hospice and palliative care', 'ethics and laws in hospice and palliative care', 'psychological, social and spiritual care', 'care of the dying', 'bereavement care', etc. 2. The scores above 3.3 were marked for 34 items in education Need Survey. The highest scores were given in the order for the items 'understanding of death and dying', 'attitude and response to death and dying', 'understanding and assessment of pain' etc. respondents marked that they have been trained for 'pain and symptom management', 'ethics and laws in hospice and palliative care', 'building the system for cooperation and publicity activities in hospice' etc. 3. The basic curriculum of hospice and palliative care for the nurses requires 78 studying hours for 17 subjects, comprising 48 hours of theory education and 30 hours of practical training. The education methods are lectures, discussions, and case studies. Conclusion: The efforts of developed basic curriculum should be evaluated after educating nurses. It is necessary to develop the standard curriculum and regularly update it based on the result of education Need Survey for actively working nurses in hospice and palliative care settings.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.120-128
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• 2024

From February to now 2024, there continues to be controversy over the expansion of admission number to medical school. Some of the controversy arises from a mix of present and future time points. In the present time point, the controversy over whether physicians are some shortages or not has various aspects. Some aspects are presented as evidence of the physician shortage and others as non-shortage. Also, the presenting evidence of shortage is being disputed, and so is the evidence of the contrary. This controversy over whether there is a shortage or not in the present time point makes it difficult to reach a consensus. In 10 years, the shortage of doctors will increase due to the rapid increase in the elderly population, so the admission number of medical schools will need to be increased. However, the increase must be such that there is minimal deterioration in the quality of medical education. More admission numbers should be allocated to medical schools with a high quality of medical education. This study suggests that large-scale medical schools increase the admission number by 20%-30%, and small-scale medical schools increase the admission number by 40%-50%, if so, the total increasing number is 760 to 1,066. If the 2,000-person increase is enforced, the quality of medical education must be carefully evaluated and the results should be reflected in adjusting the admission number of medical schools. In 20 years later, the admission number of medical schools will have to be reduced. This is because the physician supply is changing to a linear function and the physician demand (medical care demand) is changing to a quadratic function. Even if the current number is maintained, there will be an excess of doctors from 2048, so the medical school admission number must be reduced and its size will be reduced to about 2,000, a 30% reduction from the current number. Because the same reduction rate for all medical schools will result in many small-scale medical schools, the M&A (mergers and acquisitions) strategy should be considered with 40 medical schools and 12 Korean medical schools. In Korea, the main contributor to estimating physician demand is the change in population structure. Due to the rapid decrease in the total fertility rate, future population projections are uncertain. The recent rapid increase in healthcare utilization should be reexamined in the forecasting of physician demand. Since the various factors that affect the estimate of doctor supply and demand are unclear, the estimate of physician supply and demand must be continuously conducted every five years, and the Health Care Workforce Committee must be established and operated. The effects of increasing the admission number of medical schools should be evaluated and adjusted annually.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1539-1557
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of program's participation, self-esteem and depression on quality of life for the elderly participating social welfare using facilities. Therefore, this paper will help improve a life's quality of all the olds by fixing the problems we got in this society and suggesting the better program for the elderly participating social welfare using facilities. The results of the study were as follows. There was no specific difference in statistic that shows the quality of the old's life who have their economic life. In quality of life in neighbors, the male were more friendly to their neighbors and the lower level of education, the higher quality of life. Healthy old people had greater quality of life than unhealthy old people did. If the old were excellent in scholarship, if unmarried couple shared the same house, if both of husband and wife live together when they are married, and if their allowance are full in pocket, the quality of their life was enhanced. Self-esteem influenced the quality of life in economic, but depression influenced negatively. In quality of life in neighbors, feeling depression and joining in program of a work for prosperity in future didn't effect doing well with the neighbors. On the other hand, participating in the social community program effected positively. In quality of life in neighbors, feeling depression and program of rehabilitation effected on the quality of life negatively. Educating refinement program effected positively being a good match, but promoting health program effected negatively.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 1997

This study was carried out to reveal the status of health examination among farmers and to attract more attention to the health care system for farmers. Ten pre-trained medical students interviewed the rural residents 18 years of age and older in eight villages which were randomly selected from a county near Taegu city in Korea, in August 1996. Finally 751 persons were interviewed of whom the percentages of male and female were 41.8%, 58.2% respectively. Among the subjects, 361(48.3%) were fully engaged in farming, 184(24.4%) were partly engaged, and the remaining 206(27.3%) were not engaged in farming at all. The overall prevalence of farmer's disease was 23.0% and there was no significant difference between the group of fully engaged in farming(23.3%) and the group of not-fully engaged(22.9%). But the prevalence of farmer's disease in female subjects(27.8%) was significantly higher than that in male(16.2%)(p<0.01). Among the 288 farmer engaged in spraying pesticide, 113(39.2%) had experienced one or more pesticide related symptoms during last one year, but only 18(15.9%) of them had visited medical facilities due to their symptoms. The experience of receiving education about pesticide was significantly correlated with the degree of wearing protectors during pesticide spraying(p<0.001). Among the 736 persons excluding non-respondents, 281(38.2%) received health examination during last one year ; 176(62.6%) of them received free health examination, and 105(37.4%) received charged one. Among the 533 persons 40 years age and older, only 124(23.3%) had received the 'health examination for the elderly' during last one year, which is provided for the 40 years age and older by Korea medical insurance corporation and medical insurance societies. Most of all beneficiaries of self-employed medical insurance thought the imposed contributions as very expensive(77.4%) or moderately expensive(13.2%). The great majority of farmers are exposed to various health risk factors including pesticide, high temperature, overwork etc. comparable to industrial workers. But farmers are excluded from the regular yearly worker's health examination because of not belonging to a company despite they pay relatively more medical insurance contributions compared with the industrial workers and the urban self-employed medical insureds. It is necessary to develop special health management program for farmers such as the special health examination for the industrial workers exposed harmful agents.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.735-754
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• 2012

Korean society in the 2000 has experienced new many social and spatial issues such as the process of neoliberalism and changes in urban and spatial policies, the development of information and communication technology and reconfiguration of informational social space, radically increasing foreign immigrants and transformation to multicultural society, global warming and environmental injustice, and these new issues have promoted development of social geography in Korea. In addition to a review on them, this paper provides a review on empirical researches on traditional issues which have been dealt with in social geography in the 2000 in Korea. Even though there have been numerous sub-issues, they can be divided into two categories: one is urban and communal social geography including urban housing and residential segregation, urban social problems such as poverty, crime, education, health care, social welfare, urban and rural community building, identity, sense of place, and social movement; the other is social geography of population and migration, including population movement, aged society and social welfare for elderly people, and foreign immigrants and formation of multicultural social space. As some difficult conditions such as path-dependent process of neoliberalism, transformation toward informational, aged, and multicultural society would continue, so social geography in Korea to tackle with these external conditions should deepen its theoretical insights and widen its research issues.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2013

Objectives: This study is to investigate the prevalence and related factors of metabolic syndrome among Korean adults aged 20 years and above. Methods: From the database of the $5^{th}$ Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V) conducted in 2010, data of 5,670 adults who responded to all the questionnaires of health interview and had metabolic syndrome in the health examination were included in this analysis. SAS 9.2 was used for statistical analysis with complex sample survey modules and commands. Results: The prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome based on the criteria proposed by International Diabetes Federation (IDF) was 18.8%. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in each group was: 20.7% of women, 43.1% among elderly over 70 years old, 40.6% of the divorced or the separated, 27.6% of recipients of economic support from the government, 23.6% of people who had alcohol dependency problem, and 43.7% of overweight or obese adults. Independent risk factors based on the multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that prevalence of metabolic syndrome was associated with female (odds ratio 1.59 [95% confidence interval 1.20-2.11]), age (50s 3.95 [2.11-7.37], 60s 5.62 [2.98-10.61], 70s 10.56 [5.25-21.25]), high school education (0.52 [0.37-0.74]), clerk occupation (2.14 [1.27-3.60]), divorced marital status (1.72 [1.15-2.59]), alcohol dependency (1.86 [1.16-2.98]), higher BMI (14.08 [10.60-18.70]). Conclusions: The metabolic syndrome is prevalent among Korean adult population according to IDF criteria. Several demographic characteristics and potentially modifiable factors are associated with metabolic syndrome. Identification of this high-risk group and management of these modifiable factors are warranted to reduce the prevalence of metabolic syndrome.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.345-356
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the local stability of the lower extremity joints and muscle activation patterns of the lower extremity during walking between falling and non-falling group in the elderly women. Method: Forty women, heel strikers, were recruited for this study. Twenty subjects (age:72.55±5.42yrs; height:154.40±4.26cm; mass:57.40±6.21kg; preference walking speed:0.52±0.17m/s; fall frequency=1.70±1.26 times) had a history falls(fall group) within two years and Twenty subjects (71.90±2..90yrs; height:155.28±4.73cm; mass:56.70±5.241kg; preference walking speed: 0.56±0.13m/s) had no history falls(non-fall group). While they were walking on a instrumented treadmill at their preference speed for a long while, kinematic and EMG signals were obtained using 3-D motion capture and wireless EMG electrodes, respectively. Local stability of the ankle and knee joint were calculated using Lyapunov Exponent (LyE) and muscles activation and their co-contraction index were also quantified. Hypotheses were tested using one-way ANOVA and Mann-Whitey. Spearman rank was also used to determine the correlation coefficients between variables. Level of significance was set at p<.05. Results: Local stability in the knee joint adduction-abduction was significantly greater in fall group than non-fall group(p<.05). Activation of anterior tibials that acts on the foot segment dorsal flexion was greater in non-fall group than fall group(p<.05). CI between gastrocnemius and anterior tibials was found to be significantly different between two groups(p<.05). In addition, there was significant correlation between CI of the leg and LyE of the ankle joint flexion-extention in the fall group(p<.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, muscles that act on the knee joint abduction-adduction as well as gastrocnemius and anterior tibials that act on the ankle joint flexion-extention need to be strengthened to prevent from potential fall during walking.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1904-1919
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• 2015

This study was conducted to verify the effect of the fall prevention exercise program (FPEP). From 1st June to 14th July in 2014, 52 subjects above the age of 65 in 2 health clinics of A town, J city were randomly assigned to two groups(exercise 31, control 21). While exercise group performed FPEP twice a week for 6 weeks, control group received education only. The results showed significant difference between the two groups in the TUG of physical function(P=.032). There were no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the fear of falls, falls efficacy of mental functions. The result of ultrasound measurement of lower extremity muscles showed statistically significant differences between groups in the 7 items(RF CSA Contraction RF DIS Resting, TA Thickness Contraction, TA P-angle Contraction, GCM Thickness Resting, GCM Thickness Contraction, GCM P-angle Contraction)(p<.05). In conclusion, the FPEP is very effective in the prevention of falls.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.358-368
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to discover the factors affecting on physical activity levels of community-dwelling older adults in Korea. The data was analyzed on 12,322 older adults, aged 65 or above, from the 2008 National Elderly Survey. The results of this study were as follows: First, 29.9% of older men and 46.4% of older women were classified as physically inactivity. Second, age(OR=1.44, p<.001), education(OR=1.17, p=.026), location of residence(OR=1.19, p=.016), perceived health status(OR=2.18, p<.001), chronic disease(OR=1.23, p=.020), pain(OR=1.24, p=.011), ADL(OR=1.86, p<.001), fear of fall(OR=1.26, p=.003), depression(OR=1.78, p<.001) predicted physical activity levels in older men. Age(OR=1.54, p<.001), perceived health status(OR=1.63, p<.001), pain(OR=1.45, p<.001), falling experience(OR=1.24, p=.001), ADL(OR=1.72, p<.001), depression(OR=1.46, p<.001) predicted physical activity levels in older women. It is suggested that the findings of this study are helpful to develop effective physical activity interventions for older adults.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.351-359
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• 2021

This study was conducted to analyze the relationship between the practice of aerobic exercise and the prevalence and risk of arthritis with comorbid chronic diseases. For this study, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2019 data were used and 17,356 people were selected as subjects. The relationship between the practice of aerobic exercise and the prevalence and risk of arthritis according to demographic characteristics and chronic diseases was analyzed by the chi-square independence test and Breslow-Day test. While the rate of aerobic exercise was low among women, the elderly, the low-income group, the low-education group, and people living in rural areas, the prevalence and risk of arthritis were relatively high. And in the chronic disease-positive group, those who practiced aerobic exercise had a relatively lower prevalence and risk of arthritis than those who did not. In particular, the practice of aerobic exercise was an effective complement in reducing the prevalence and risk of arthritis in people with high blood pressure, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Therefore, the practice of aerobic exercise such as walking, slow running, and aerobic dance should be recommended in terms of the preventive medicine and health care to people who are in the group with a high prevalence of arthritis in demographic characteristics and people who have comorbid chronic diseases.