• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.1A
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

Along with the development of coasts, islands and mountains, the demand of long-span bridges increases which, in turn, brings forth the construction of cable-supported bridges like suspension and cable-stayed bridges. There are various types of statically indeterminate structures widely applied that supported the main girder with stay cables, main cables, hanger cables with aesthetic structural appearance. As to the cable-supported bridges, the health monitoring of a bridge can be identified by measuring tension force on cable repeatedly. The tension force on cable is measured either by direct measurement of stress of cable using load cell or hydraulic jack, or by vibration method estimating tension force using cable shape and measured dynamic characteristics. In this study, a method to estimate dynamic characteristics of hanger cables by using a digital image processing is suggested. Digital images are acquired by a portable digital camcorder, which is the sensor to remotely measure dynamic responses considering convenient and economical aspects for use. A digital image correlation(DIC) technique is applied for digital image processing, and an image transform function(ITF) to correct the geometric distortion induced from the deformed images is used to estimate subpixel. And, the correction of motion of vision-based measurement system using a fixed object in an image without installing additional sensor can be enhanced the resolution of dynamic responses and modal frequencies of hanger cables.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 1976

Presently, there is increasing demand for geriatric nursing care because of increasing preparation of elderly population due to extended age. Of particular importance in determining the effectiveness of nursing care given to the elderly is the attitude of the nurse toward the elderly patient. Knowledge of the various changes that usually occur with aging will enable the nurse to help an aged Person maximize his potential in illness and in health. The objectives of this study were : 1. To delineate the attitudes of nurses toward the geriatric nursing care. 2. To learn the influencing factors affecting the attitudes of nurses toward the geriatric nursing care. The study population defined and randomly selected is 225 nurses at one general hospital, one private hospital, two national hospitals in Seoul during the period of October l0th -20th, 1975. The questionnaire method was used. Respondents were 140 nurses. X$^2$- test and t- test were employed in analyzing the data. The questionnaire form included 54 statements which concerned the attitudes of nurses to-ward geriatric nursing care. It was divided into five areas : 1) General characteristics of study population. 2) The nurse's concepts of elderly. 3) Care of the geriatric patient. 4) Interpersonal relationship with geriatric patient. 5) Teaching of the geriatric patient. Each of the 54 statements of the questionnaire was considered to be either Positive or Negative. A Positive response was assigned the value of＋1 , and a Negative response or no response was assigned the value of O. The results of the study were as follows : 1. The Investigation of attitudes of nurses toward geriatric nursing care. a. Data indicated , respondents have negative attitudes in their. concepts of elderly (74.3%) b. Data indicated respondents have positive attitudes in care of geriatric patient (64.3%). c. Data indicated respondents have positive attitudes in interpersonal relationship with geriatric patient (85% ). 4. Data indicated respondents have positive attitudes in teaching of geriatric patient (89.3%). 2. The results of study regarding the five hypothesis were as follows : a There was significant difference in the mean scores between the attitudes of nurses toward the geriatric nursing care and level of education of the nurse. b. There was no significant difference between the attitudes of nurses toward the geriatric nursing care and clinical experience, but there was significant difference between care of the geriatric patient and clinical experience. c. There was no significant difference between the attitudes of nurses toward the geriatric nursing care and shift most frequently worked, but there was significant difference between care of the geriatric patient and shift most frequently worked. d. There was no significant difference in the mean scores between the attitudes of nurses toward the geriatric nursing care and marital status, but there was significant difference in the mean scores between interpersonal relationship, teaching of geriatric patient and marital status. e, There was no significant difference in the mean scores between the attitudes of nurses toward the geriatric nursing care and experience with elderly, but there was significant difference in the mean scores between care of geriatric patient and experience with elderly.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.336-345
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• 1999

This study looks at the various alternative therapy methods used in day to day life by elderly, over 60 years of age. The elderly have come to know and practice these methods for the following reasons it is good for the health ; it is the method used in the of fen days when there wesn't modern medicine ; it has been passed down from generations ; it can be done at home without having the need to go to the hospital ; acupuncture or poulticing can be used ; it can be done at home, which was an important factor in rural areas where hospitals are few and far between ; and 〔herbal〕 medicine could be prepared at home at no cost ; it derives from experience ; it is impossible to ignore tradition passed down through the generations. Diet control and plants (herbs) are methods most often used. as they are easy to find and can be readily used in critical situations. Other methods include oriental medicine practices of moxibustion with moxa cone, negative therapy, hand and finger acupunture, finger press method. ordinary acupunture, manual healing methods of massage. diaphoretic therapy and meditation to reach a state of calm, and qigong dirigation. The reasons for its use are as follows ; it has been used before ; it is effective ; there is some improvement after the treatment ; it is not harmful to the body ; medicine cannot be obtained and it is the only thing available ; it is not good for an old person to go to the hospital everyday. the symptoms are not serious enough to go to a hospital : and acupuncture is for these things. The means that the elderly have come to practice these methods are : it has been used since the past ; it has been told by the elders ; they have been told by friends ; it was part of their knowledge ; and they have come to know by watching their mother. Further, to regain vitality lost through old age, the elderly have relied on hot soup. a hearty meal. brewed honey water, pumpkin, or ginseng. Humans, by instinct. would rub or massage the areas that caused pain. These actions, combined with a breathing technique have been recognized in Tong-Eui-Bo-Gam(the essential of eastern medicine), the complete work of early modern medicine, are a useful means to revive chi(기). This knowledge is thought to have greatly affected our heathy lifestyle. Furthermore, though the demand for medical services would increase with age, the elderly have not always been able to tend to their needs at the hospital for reasons economic or other. Hence, these alternative therapy methods seem to have been practiced as a temporary means of relief. The excellence of our traditional therapeutic custom has not received full recognition due to the argument relating to its scientific merits. As a result, it has become vital to prove their effectiveness through scientific and other experimental means. The potency of moxibustion with moxa cone and hand and finger acupunture have been proven scientifically. but diet and herbal methods appear to be practiced as a result of customs passed down from generations. In addition, it is submitted that the effectiveness of the traditional methods of disease control and our heathy lifestyle that are easily found in the nursing field must be verified.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.36-42
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• 2011

The current healthcare information systems field to meet the growing demand for healthcare for a variety of building systems and operation, and subsequent information on the budget continues to increase, but the current system, although the association link between the various systems made does not, with organizations with information about each of the standardization and real-time network status data do not consist of various materials, such as insufficient to provide real-time issues have been raised. This paper proposes a Integrated information system on Healthcare based on JXTA to solve problems mentioned above. Until now, in a network environment for data storage and management is the most widely used server-intensive structure, while an increase in users and traffic difficulties in data management and communications services to handle the growing number of servers increase faster than information associated with the cost savings, P2P model in terms of efficient data management has emerged as a new solution. Therefore this paper designs a platform for Integrated information system on Healthcare based on JXTA as a method to integrate health information data and services, and then proves that the new information system on healthcare based on JXTA is the suitable model.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.271-284
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the usage of CAD/CAM, which is one of dental technologist duties, in an effort to look for any possible changes in the usage of CAD/CAM. It's specifically meant to compare the results of this study with those of Lee Jong-do, Park Kwang-Sig(2011)'s study in March, 2011, to determine if there were any changes over the past four years. The selected variables that were investigated were the ownership of CAD/CAM, awareness of it, the route of acquiring the first information on it, the merits and demerits of its usage, usage experience and educational experience about it. Methods: An online survey was conducted on the dental technologists who worked in urban communities including metropolitan cities to find out the usage of CAD/CAM in 2015 from July 15 to 31, 2015, after existing questionnaire items were modified. The collected data were analyzed by IBM SPSS statistics 22.0, and statistical data on frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation for each item were obtained. To figure out the characteristics of the subjects and the relationship between their occupational characteristics and the usage of CAD/CAM, crosstabs, independent-samples t-test and one-way ANOVA were utilized. As for the usage of CAD/CAM in 2011, the results of Lee Jong-do, Park Kwang-Sig(2011)'s study were selected, and then a comparative analysis was made. The level of significance was all set at .05. Total 250 questionnaires were distributed to them, and 190(76.0%) were returned. After excluding 23 whose answers were uncertain or seemed to lack reliability, total 167(66.8%) were used in final analysis. Results: As a result of analyzing the usage of CAD/CAM that was one of dental technologist duties, there was a great increase in the ownership of CAD/CAM in their workplaces from 2.4 percent in 2011 to 71.7 percent in 2015, and there was an improvement in awareness about it and the necessity of its usage as well. In 2011, the Internet and mass media were the most common route that they got to know about it. They had a strong tendency to acquire related knowledge through education in 2015, and there were some changes in the products that they used or preferred. In both years, the great merit of CAD/CAM was the simplified manufacturing process of restoration, and it had another great advantages in 2015 such as the improved quality of restoration or improved environments for dental technology. Concerning disadvantages, high price was a big problem in 2011. In 2015, not only price but the burden of material costs, frequent breakdown, poor demand among dental clinics and a lack of CAD/CAM professionals were pointed out a lot. In the future, this researcher intends to make research to seek ways of improving CAD/CAM professionals. Conclusion: There was more awareness of CAD/CAM in 2015 than in 2011 when the changes in awareness of it were analyzed, and the finding suggest the necessity of sustained education and concern.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

Various policies and studies regarding use of PBSS (Public Bike Sharing System) and Programs (PBSP) have been conducted worldwide as the number systems or programs has increased. Although various phenomena and demands have been generated by the use of PBSS in everyday life, the majority of research and the policies in South Korea have been implemented focused on commuting life. The purpose of this study aimed to understand various PBSS demands using PBSS usage data in 2018 in the Yeouido districts through classifying usage patterns and analyzing features. The rental stations were classified into three types based on weekday/weekend usage rates. The usage of Yeouido's PBSS accounted for 4.3% of the total usage in Seoul Metropolitan City, while the number of PBSS rental stations accounted for 2% of all rental stations in the Seoul urban areas. Rental stations with a higher weekday utilization rates showed high utilization rates in all four seasons and were mainly distributed in work and residential areas. Other stations showed a concentrated usage pattern in spring (April-May) and autumn (September-October) seasons, and their locations were close to the entrance of nearby parks. Besides, renting and returning were often concentrated at certain rental stations for high weekend utilization as compared to the pattern of high weekday usage. Therefore, PBSS management and programs should be operated to reflect various usage demands rather than uniform PBSS operations. The result of this study is meaningful to provide basic data for effective PBSS operation by monitoring the demand for PBSS usage in spatio-temporal terms.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.281-292
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• 2017

Objective: This study aims to identify important physical design variables in designing a necklace type wearable device, and to present design guidelines to maximize comfort that a user feels upon wearing the device. Background: Interests in fitness culture and personal health are on the rise recently. In such a situation, demand for necklace type wearable devices is projected to increase a lot, as the devices enable users to use their hands freely and to enjoy various contents through connection with mobile devices. However, the necklace type wearable device's comfort was assessed to have the lowest comfort in a running situation, where human body moves up and down and left and right more than other devices wearable on other human body parts. Therefore, the usability of a necklace type wearable device was low. In this regard, studies on identification of the variables affecting user comfort upon wearing a necklace type wearable device and on physical design direction maximizing comfort and usability are needed. Method: A pretest and a main test were carried out to draw the direction of necklace type wearable device design. In the pretest, wearing evaluation on the diverse types of devices released in the market was conducted to draw physical design variables of the devices affecting comfort. Furthermore, variables significantly affecting the comfort of a device were selected through an analysis of variance (ANOVA). In the main test, anthropometry was performed, and information on anthropometric items corresponding to the design variables selected in the pretest was acquired. Based on the pretest results and the anthropometric information in the main test, the present study produced design guidelines maximizing the comfort of a necklace type wearable device with regard to major design variables upon dynamic tasks. Results: According to the pretest results, the variables having effects on comfort were the angle of side points, width, and height. Due to interactions between variables, those need to be simultaneously considered upon designing a device. Upon dynamic tasks, the angle of side points and width of a device was designed to be smaller than mean angle of the trapezius muscle and neck width, and thus attachment to human body was high. As height was designed to be larger than mean neck front and rear point width, comfort was higher due to feeling of stability. Conclusion: Because user sensitivity to comfort was high at human body's inflection points, a device needs to be designed for users not to feel high pressure on specific body parts with the device fitting human body shape well. A design considering user's situation is also required in further studies.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.49-68
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was 1) to review communal housing in the UK, 2) to consider the policy implications for elderly communal housing in Korea. The research methods used were 1) literature review about communal housing and related policy in the UK 2) field survey in the UK 3) interpretative suggestion for the proper policy implication to develope communal housing for the elderly in Korea. Sheltered housing in the UK had been developed as communal housing for the elderly with special needs since the 1970s. The type of sheltered housing were category 1 and category 2. Very sheltered housing with more facilities and meal services was added in 1980s. Sheltered housing was evaluated as the most humanistic solution for older people in the UK in 1980s. Because of the policy of moving institutional care to community care, sheltered housing became less in demand because of more options for older people including being able to stay in their own home. So new completion of sheltered housing by registered social landlords reduced saliently. Sheltered housing already totalled over half million units in which 5% of all elderly over 65 still lived and a small quantity of private sector for sale schemes emerged in the 1990s. The reason why the residents moved to sheltered housing was for sociable, secure, and manageable living arrangements. In general the residents were satisfied with these characteristics but dissatisfied with the service charge and quality of meals, especially in category 2.5 schemes. The degree of utilisation of communal spaces and facilities depended on the wardens ability and enthusiasm. Evaluation of sheltered housing indicated several problems such as wardens duty as a \"good neighbour\" ; difficult-to-let problems with poor location or individual units of bedsittiing type with shared bathroom ; and the under use of communal spaces and facilities. Some ideas to solve these problems were suggested by researchers through expanding wardens duty as a professional, opening the scheme to the public, improving interior standards, and accepting non-elderly applicants who need support. Some researchers insisted continuing development of sheltered housing, but higher standards must be considered for the minority who want to live in communal living arrangement. Recently, enhanced sheltered housing with greater involvement of relatives and with tied up policy in registration and funding suggested as an alternative for residential care. In conclusion, the rights of choice for older people should be policy support for special needs housing. Elderly communal housing, especially a model similar to sheltered housing category 2 with at least 1 meal a day might be recommended for a Korean Model. For special needs housing development either for rent or for sale, participation of the public sector and long term and low interest financial support for the private sector must be developed in Korea. Providing a system for scheme managers to train and retrain must be encouraged. The professional ability of the scheme manager to plan and to deliver services might be the most important factor for the success of elderly communal housing projects in Korea. In addition the expansion of a public health care service, the development of leisure programs in Senior Citizens Centre, home helper both for the elderly in communal housing and the elderly in mainstream housing of the community as well. Providing of elderly communal housing through the modified general Construction Act rather than the present Elderly Welfare Act might be more helpful to encourage the access of general people in Korea. in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.1
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• pp.78-85
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• 2016

This study was carried out to determine the effects of shading and leaf mold treatment on growth characteristics and photosynthesis responses of Peucedanum japonicum in forest farming. It is very valuable as a sort of health food, so that the demand for the vegetable has increased recently. The experiment can not only increase the yield but also contribute to the development of eco-friendly technology for high-quality P. japonicum. It was performed by shading treatments (full sunlight, 35%, 50% and 75% shading) and leaf mold treatments (control, pine tree and chestnut tree). Height, stem diameter, root collar diameter, number of stem and dry weight were the highest in chestnut-leaf mold under full sunlight. Leaf area, leaf length and leaf width were the highest in chestnut-leaf mold under 35% shading. Photosynthetic rate, conductance to $H_2O$, transpiration rate and water use efficiency were the highest in chestnut-leaf mold under full sunlight. Specially, photosynthetic rate was higher under chestnut-leaf mold in all shading treatment, and getting lower in the higher shading rate. As a result of surveying the whole experiment, it is concluded that P. japonicum grows nicely by maintaining 35% shading under chestnutleaf mold in forest farming. Thus, it is the most effective way to increase the yield for high-quality P. japonicum with eco-friendly technology.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.431-440
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• 2014

Since the establishment of the Groundwater Act in Korea in 1993, the national policy on groundwater has focused on the preservation and management of groundwater, which should be used only as a subsidiary water resource. However, population growth, increased water demand, climate change, and the need for uniform water distribution have brought changes to groundwater policy, and have led to the prioritization of development projects such as groundwater dams and river bank filtration. Population growth, changes to the water environment, and increased water risks have all played a role in triggering rapid growth within the water industry; the size of the investment in water resources will also continue to increase worldwide. Until now, private wells and bottled mineral water have led the groundwater industry in South Korea. However, a new area of the groundwater industry, which includes the health and medical sciences, employs groundwater properties derived from regional geology, and is growing. This requires the advancement of groundwater research and technical development connected with ICT (Information and Communication Technology) and medical science, and that the public development of groundwater and its various applications is expanded through locating groundwater in the core of the water industry cluster.