• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.61-69
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• 2002

Oship stream is located nearby south eastern coasts. This study was performed to find out waters quality modeling and then to predict water quality of Oship stream. Based on survey data, BOD, T-N, T-P calibration and verification result were in good agreement with measured value within mean coefficient variance(MSE) value, which were 13.9%, 9.0%, 26.5% and 19.5%, 12.0%, 16.5%, respectively. Sectional water quality predictions of the main stream of Oship stream are executed on the basis of the following cases 1) with sewage treatment of Dogye-eup 2) reduction of mine wastewater treatment of 80% in th basin. As a result, BOD, T-P improvement rates at down stream of Oship stream, case 1) were appeared 12.2%, 22.2%, case 2) maximum sulfate ion and conductivity reduction removal rate of Oship stream were 58%, 68%. The main pollution sources of Oship-stream were almost domestic wastewater and mine wastewater discharged from Dogye-eup which located in uppers stream. The large effects will appear after the construction of Dogye sewage water treatment plant which remove the organic matter and nutrients in these sewage water. The waste water from mine can not easily to treat for characteristics of effluence and economic problems. However, to achieve the goal of water quality in Oship-stream water system, treatments of those are necessary.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.126-136
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among use of earphones, stress level, and hearing threshold in university students. Methods: Study subjects included 210 university students (76 men, 134 women). Data were collected by questionnaire and audiometer from December 17 to 20, 2011. The SPSS win 19.0 program was used for data analysis by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: 1) 4KHz, 6KHz hearing threshold of subjects who used earphones was higher than average hearing threshold of same age group. 2) Not significant differences in hearing threshold were observed according to frequency of use, and stress level. 3) Significant differences in 4KHz hearing threshold were observed according to earphone volume. 4) A significant positive correlation was observed between frequency of use and stress level (r=0.15, p<.05), earphone volume, and 4KHz hearing threshold (left) (r=0.15, p<.05); however, a negative correlation was observed between stress level and 4KHz hearing threshold (right) (r=-0.14, p<.05). Conclusion: A significant positive correlation was observed between frequency of use and stress level and earphone volume and 4KHz hearing threshold (left). Development of a program for hearing conservation is needed.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 1983

This study was carried out to investigate nitrification in the main stream of the Naktong river for two times, 12-13 August and 23-26 September 1982. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The increase of nitrogen concentration was due to inflow of Geumho river, which was polluted by the municipal and industrial wastewater of Daegu city. 2. The rate constant of ammonia calculated for three reaches was high according to the stream flow and was eminently low in the reach from Goroung to Gangjung. (0.068-0.116 $day^{-1}$). This phenomena might be attributed to the sublethal or even lethal effect upon aquatic life by relatively low DO concentration and high heavy metal concentration. 3. DO consumption rate by nitrification was highest for the reach from Goroung to Daeam where was affected by Geumho river. (56.7-147.8%). This phenomena might be attributed to low DO concentration and high nitrogen concentration. Especially, the less stream flow was, the higher DO consumption was. And so, nitrification in the station where is low DO concentration, especially under the low flow condition, might cause more serious water quality management problem. Therefore, for the purpose of effective conservation of water quality in the Naktong river, it was suggested that We have more concern about the nitrogen compound, and more study on the nitrification phenomena.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.163-170
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of noise from dental clinics on workers and to establish a reduction plan. The noise generated by the treatment instrument(Ultrasonic scaler, Hand piece, 3-way syringe, Suction, Compressor) was measured in order to determine the characteristics(level, frequency) of the noise during medical treatment(Oral prophylaxis, Conservation treatment, Prosthesis treatment, Implant Scaling, Tooth eliminating). We also assessed the noise levels in dental clinic using evaluation indicators such as NR-curves and NRN. The results of the analysis showed that the noise generated during the treatment was 85dB(A) ~ 70dB(A) and that the high frequency component was dominant, which would affect the workers working at the dental clinic. The NR-curve analysis showed NR-67 to NR-83 and the high frequency components of 4kHz to 8kHz were predominant and far exceeded noise levels in the workplace. To minimize the noise damage of workers and to provide high quality medical service, it is necessary to establish countermeasures such as wearing a soundproof and periodic hearing tests.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.139-146
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• 2019

As the number of electric vehicles (EVs) in Jejudo Island increases, the secondary use of EV batteries is becoming increasingly mandatory not only in reducing greenhouse gas emissions but also in promoting resource conservation. For the secondary use of EV batteries, their capacity and performance at the end of automotive service should be evaluated properly. In this study, the battery state information from the on-board diagnostics or OBD2 port was acquired in real time while driving three distinct routes in Jejudo Island, and then the battery operating characteristics were assessed with the driving routes. The route with higher altitude led to higher current output, i.e., higher C-rate, which would reportedly deteriorate state of health (SOH) faster. In addition, the SOH obtained from the battery management system (BMS) of a 2017 Kia Soul EV with a mileage of 55,000 km was 100.2%, which was unexpectedly high. This finding was confirmed by the SOH estimation based on the ratio of the current integral to the change in state of charge. The SOH larger than 100% can be attributed to the rated capacity that was lower than the nominal capacity in EV application. Therefore, considering the driving environment and understanding the SOH estimation process will be beneficial and necessary in evaluating the capacity and performance of retired batteries for post-vehicle applications.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.143-151
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• 2007

To understand the mechanism of transcriptional regulation, it is essential to detect promoters and regulatory elements. Various kinds of methods have been introduced to improve the prediction accuracy of regulatory elements. Since there are few experimentally validated regulatory elements, previous studies have used criteria based solely on the level of scores over background sequences. However, selecting the detection criteria for different prediction methods is not feasible. Here, we studied the calibration of thresholds to improve regulatory element prediction. We predicted a regulatory element using MATCH, which is a powerful tool for transcription factor binding site (TFBS) detection. To increase the prediction accuracy, we used a regulatory potential (RP) score measuring the similarity of patterns in alignments to those in known regulatory regions. Next, we calibrated the thresholds to find relevant scores, increasing the true positives while decreasing possible false positives. By applying various thresholds, we compared predicted regulatory elements with validated regulatory elements from the Open Regulatory Annotation (ORegAnno) database. The predicted regulators by the selected threshold were validated through enrichment analysis of muscle-specific gene sets from the Tissue-Specific Transcripts and Genes (T-STAG) database. We found 14 known muscle-specific regulators with a less than a 5% false discovery rate (FDR) in a single TFBS analysis, as well as known transcription factor combinations in our combinatorial TFBS analysis.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2017

Background: Conservation of resources theory assumes loss of resources as a cause of job strain. In hospital work, conflicts with supervisors are tested to predict lower resources, that is, supervisory social support, participation possibilities, and appreciation. All three resources are expected to predict, in turn, experienced stress (job strain) and lower job satisfaction, lower affective commitment, and a higher resigned attitude towards the job (job attitudes). Methods: The sample included 1,073 employees from 14 Swiss hospitals (n = 604 nurses, n = 81 physicians, n = 135 medical therapists, and n = 253 technical and administrative staff). Of the total sample, 83.1% were female and 38.9% worked full-time. The median tenure was between 7 years and 10 years. Constructs were assessed by online questionnaires. Structural equation modeling was used to test mediation. Results: Structural equation modeling confirmed the negative association of conflict with supervisors and job resources. Tests of indirect paths to resources as a link between conflicts with supervisors and job attitudes were significant. For nurses, social support, participation and appreciation showed a significant indirect path, while among medical technicians the indirect paths included social support and appreciation, and among physicians only appreciation showed a significant indirect path. In medical therapists no indirect path was significant. Job resources did not mediate the link between conflict with supervisors and stress in any occupational group. Conclusion: Conflicts with supervisors are likely to reduce job resources and in turn to lower job attitudes. Work design in hospitals should, therefore, address interpersonal working conditions and conflict management in leadership development.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.80-90
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• 2000

To determine the effect of air pollutants in Taejon City, we used medical insurance claim data for asthma and the data monitored from telemetry system of Ministry of Environment for air pollutants and meteorological factors. From November 1st, 1997 to October 31th, 1998, 95,629 asthma patients were covered by medical insurance at Taejon City. Subjects were composed of 49,563 males (51.8%) and 46.336 females(48.2%), and among the subjects, the proportion under 15 years old was 62.8% of the total. During the study period, daily mean concentrations of each air pollutants-So2, No2, CO, O3 and TSP-were 9.8 ppb, 17.6 ppm, 1.414 pp, 17.3 ppb and 60.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥, respectively, which were lower than each of the environmental recommended exposure levels, Through the simple correlation analysis between each air pollutants and meteorological factors, O3 was positively correlated with temperature, but negatively with relative humidity. TSP, SO2, NO2, CO were negatively correlated with meteorological factors, and these air pollutants except O3 were positively correlated with each other, O3 was correlated with TSP positively but the others negatively. Estimating relative risks of each air pollutant with the baseline general additive model, daily mean concentrations of TSP(Lag 0, 1, 4, 5day) were significantly associated with the increase of the asthma admission. Two age subgroups, under 15 and 15~54 have shown various association of all air pollutants concentration with the asthma admission. However, in case of over 54 age subgroup, only TSP(Lag 0 day) among all air pollutants was associated with the asthma admission. Each of ambient outdoor pollutant concentrations in Taejon City are significantly associated with the admission of asthma patients even though all concentrations in Taejon City are significantly associated with the admission of asthma patients even though all concentrations were much lower than the environmental recommended exposure levels. Therefore, continuous effort lowering air pollutant concentration and introducing an active environmental conservation policy should be implanted for preventing hazardous health effects. Considering major proportion of asthma admissions, high susceptibility and less confounding factors among the age subgroup under 15 will be a useful target population for assessing such health effect monitoring.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.4819-4823
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• 2016

Bckground: Adjuvant radiation therapy is commonly administered following breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer patients. Hypofractionated radiotherapy can significantly reduce the waiting time for radiotherapy, working load on machines, patient visits to radiotherapy departments and medical costs. Material/Methods: Fifty-two patients with operable breast cancer (pT1-3pN0M0) who underwent breast conservation surgery in Tehran Cancer Institute during January 2011 to January 2012, were randomly assigned to undergo radiotherapy in two arms (hypofractionated radiotherapy arm with 30 patients, dose 42.5 Gy in 16 fractions; and conventional radiotherapy arm with 22 patients, dose 50 Gy in 25 fractions). W compared these two groups in terms of overall survival, locoregional control, late skin complications and cosmetic results. Results: At a median follow-up of 52.4 months (range: 0-64 months), the follow-up rate was 82.6%. Overall, after 60 months, there was no detectable significant differences between groups regarding cosmetic results (p = 0.857), locoregional control or survival. Conclusions: The results confirm that hypofractionated radiotherapy with a subsequent boost is as effective as conventional radiotherapy, is well-tolerated and can be used as an alternative treatment method following breast conservation surgery.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.411-419
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• 2003

The assessment of environmental impact on NO$_2$ (or TSP) emitted by vehicles is important for local residents from the point of view of their health and environmental protection. In the course of field investigations, correct concentrations are measured and meteorological data are observed for numerical simulation. To determine background concentration for numerical simulation, annual average concentrations of NO$_2$ (or TSP) are estimated using the Puff-Plume model. If the estimated result affects the environment, it must be considered in the environmental conservation activity. To make the process of a estimation of environmental assessment more easily, this system is developed. Moreover, this system was supplied a Graphic User Interface (GH) for the user who calculated the concentration of air pollution exhausted from the traffic on general roads except special roads such as interchanges and entrances to tunnels. This system can offer not only the numerical result but also a graphic display. Even a beginner who is not a professional programmer can calculate the result easily.