• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.499-505
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• 2022

Despite advances in medicine and preventive strategies, fewer than 1 in 5 people with hypertension have the problem under control. This could partly be due to gaps in fully elucidating the etiology of hypertension. Genetics and conventional lifestyle risk factors, such as the lack of exercise, unhealthy diet, excess salt intake, and alcohol consumption, do not fully explain the pathogenesis of hypertension. Thus, it is necessary to revisit other suggested risk factors that have not been paid due attention. One such factor is psychosocial stress. This paper explores the evidence for the association of psychosocial stressors with hypertension and shows that robust evidence supports the role of a chronic stressful environment at work or in marriage, low socioeconomic status, lack of social support, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, childhood psychological trauma, and racial discrimination in the development or progression of hypertension. Furthermore, the potential pathophysiological mechanisms that link psychosocial stress to hypertension are explained to address the ambiguity in this area and set the stage for further research.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.83-95
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for nursing interventions to promote rehabilitation motivation by identifying the influencing factors of motivating rehabilitation intention in patients with spinal cord injury. The data were collected using self-reported questionnaires and questionnaires by postal mail services, from September 1 through the October 6, 2002. A total of 148 questionnaires were completed and returned. The instrument developed by Han, Hye Sook(2001) was used to measure the rehabilitation motivation, and depression, family support, participation of self-help group, self-esteem, and self-efficacy were measured to test the variables influencing the rehabilitation motivation. Using SPSS WIN 10.0, descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA. Turkey inspection, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted. The results of the study are as follows: The rehabilitation motivation score ranged from 30 to 100, and the average was $76.78(\pm12.40)$. In terms of the types of motivation, mean task-oriented motivation score was $23.28(\pm3.39)$, change-oriented motivation $22.25(pm3.16)$, obligatory motivation $9.90(\pm2.02)$, external motivation $9.85(\pm1.89)$, and mean amotivation score was $11.50(\pm1.94)$. The scores for the rehabilitation motivation was significantly associated with the time elapsed since injury, economic status, and the degrees of disability. Significant correlations were found between the rehabilitation motivation and the time elapsed since injury(r=-0.222, p=0.007), self-efficacy(r=0.204, p=0.013), depression(r=-0.210, p=0.010). and the economic status(r=-0.189, p=0.022). The variables that can predict the rehabilitation motivation included the time elapsed since injury, and self-efficacy. These variables accounted for $12.8\%$ of the variance of the rehabilitation motivation. In conclusion, the factors influencing the rehabilitation motivation in patients with spinal cord injury were found to be the time elapsed since injury, self-efficacy, depression, and the economic status of the patient, Accordingly, nursing interventions which could alleviate patients' depression and enhance self-efficacy should be designed to motivate rehabilitation. Before planning nursing interventions for patients with spinal cord injury, needs assessment should be conducted including the assessment of patients' economic status and time elapsed since injury.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of home care nursing intervention with parenteral hydration and IV anti-emetic therapy on distress, nutritional status, anxiety, depression and QOL in gynecologic cancer patients who were undergoing combination chemotherapy. Methods: Quasi-experimental design was used to test the intervention. Changes of result variables were measured to evaluate effects of the intervention. variables consisted of serum lab results(auto analytic equipment for lab), symptom distress Scale(McCorkle & Young, 1978; Song et al., 2000), nutritional status(body weight, circumference of upper arm, serum protein, serum albumin, oral intake per day), anxiety(Spielberger, 1972; Kim & Shin, 1978), depression(Zung, 1965; Kim, 1995) and QOL(Padilla et al., 1983; Lee & Jo, 1996). Subjects were selected among gynecologic cancer patients(EG 15 patients and CG 15 patients) by convenient sampling. Data collection was done from June to Nov. in 2000. Data were analyzed by Chi-test and Mann-whitney U test using SPSS Win 10.0. Result: Hypothesis 1, the EG receiving this intervention equals to lab test(Hb & ANC, GOT & GPT, BUN & Cr) the CG, was supported(u=69.50 p=.074; u=94.50, p= .455; u= 89.50, p= .339; u=106.50, p= .803; u=75.00, p= .119; u=97.50, p= .523). Hypothesis 2, the EG has less symptom distress than the CG, was also supported(u=43.50, p= .004). Hypothesis 3, the EG has higher nutritional status than the CG, was partially supported on daily oral intake (u=59.00, p= .025). Hypothesis 4, the EG has less anxiety than the CG, was rejected(u=86.50, p= .280). Hypothesis 5, the EG has less depression than the CG, was rejected(u=203.50, p= .228). and the last hypothesis 6, the EG has higher QOL than the CG was supported (u=51.50, p= .011). Conclusion: Home care nursing intervention undergone in this study was found to be effective to reduce patients' symptom distress and to improve their oral intake and QOL.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.181-193
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• 2017

Purpose: This is a qualitative descriptive study with the purpose of identifyng the health problems and related factors of socially vulnerable school-age children in Seoul, South Korea. Methods: Two focus group interviews and two individual interviews were conducted with eleven participants. They were two class teachers, three school nurses and two daycare teachers working at elementary schools and three social workers and a welfare worker working at community childcare centers. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The identified psychosocial problems were 'distracting and excessive behavior', 'depression and helplessness,' 'aggression and violent behaviors', and 'internet overdependence'. The revealed physical health problems were 'poor hygiene', 'obesity', and 'gastrointestinal problems'. In addition, the fact that physical and psychosocial problems are closely inter-linked was reaffirmed through practical examples. Meanwhile, socioeconomic, family environmental, social experiential and individual factors were found to affect children's health. Relationships within a family or a peer group and healthy lifestyle were considered critical issues to deal with in order to improve the childrens' health status. Conclusion: It was proved that socially vulnerable school-age children have various physical and mental health problems due to multiple factors. Therefore, it is required to design nursing approaches that help them achieve optimal health status.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.766-779
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the burden on families who live with an elderly person suffering from senile dementia, and the degree of their depression. There were 400 participants in this study, staying in the Seoul and Kyonggi areas from August 1, 1997 to February 28, 1998. Among the group, 100 participants took care of their patient at home, and another 300 participants left 100 patient at a day-care center, 100 sanatorium for senile dementia(asylum for helpless elderly people), 100 an infirmary for elderly people. Eventually 242 subjects out of the 400 were selected for the data analysis. The Zarit (1980) tool was employed to measure the degree of burden and Zung's(1965) “Self-Rating Depression Scale” was employed for the data analysis. The data was analyzed, and the percentage, t-test, ANOVA and Person's Correlation Coefficient were calculated. The results are as follows : 1. The average degree of burden that care-giving families felt was 49.13, which is somewhat high. 2. The average degree of depression that care -giving families felt was 51.95, which is relatively high. 3. The degree of burden was directly affected by the relation with the patient(F＝2.48, P＜.05), and the socio-economic status of the family(F＝5.17, P＜.05). Its also affected by the patient's educational status(F＝2.17, P＜.05). 4. The degree of depression of the family was significantly dependent on sex(t＝-2.05, P＜.05), age (F＝2.99, P＜.05), the relationship with the patient(F＝3.65, P＜.01), socio-economic status (F＝7.74, P＜.001), occupation(t＝2.82, P＜.01), health status(F＝4.42, P＜.01), and the place of residence(F＝4.30, P＜.01), The patient characteristics was significantly dependent on his/her educational status(F＝3.85, P＜.01), the period of suffering from senile dementia(F＝2.47, P＜.05), and smoking habit(F＝6.17, P＜.001). 5. The relationship between the degree of burden and that of depression reads r＝0.43, which is statistically positive correlation in the high significant level. Upon analyzing the entire summation, most care-givers for elderly patients suffering from senile dementia lack time in caring for themselves. They also experience chronic fatigue and mental discomfort caused by the isolation from society, curtailment of certain activities, a sense of responsibility for their patients, and limits of their endurance in taking care of their patients over time. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the necessity for the following propositions : 1. In order to measure the degree of burden that Korean care-giving families undergo, a new tool must be developed on the basis of Korean culture. 2. An educational program based on the demands that care-giving families undergo must be developed, and its clinical effect also has to be examined.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 2017

Objectives : The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between psychological distress and pain in cancer patients. Methods : 249 patients with cancer who visited National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital between April 2013 and March 2014 were evaluated with National Cancer Center Psychological Symptom Inventory(NCC-PSI) which consisted of Modified Distress Thermometer(MDT) and Modified Impact Thermometer(MIT). Each scale was divided into 3 subscales targeting separate symptoms: insomnia, anxiety, and depression. Psychological distress was defined as positive for those who scored above the cutoff values in at least one of all six subscales. The Numeric Rating Scale for Pain(NRS-Pain) was used to assess the subjective severity of pain. Logistic regression was performed to investigate the association between psychological distress and pain. Results : Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that pain, gender, compliance, and two subscale scores of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS) were significantly associated with psychological distress. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that pain and HADS anxiety subscale score maintained a statistically significant association with psychological distress adjusted for variables including age, gender, years of education, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, cancer stage, Charlson Comorbidity Index, compliance, and HADS depression subscale score. One point increase in pain was 1.31 times more likely to cause psychological distress. In secondary analysis, pain was significantly associated with all subscales of NCC-PSI, except MIT-anxiety subscale. Conclusions : This study suggests that NCC-PSI, a screening tool for psychological distress, reflects pain. We recommend that physicians who treat cancer patients consider the examination of psychological distress which provides comprehensive evaluation of various factors regarding quality of life.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.6 s.220
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• pp.35-45
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate productive activities effect on psychological well-being in the elderly. As people grow older, the level of physical function and psychological well-being is decreased. But We verified maintaining productive activities could make buffering effect on psychological well-being. And We investigate what kind of productive activities could effect on psychological well-being by gender. As a result, there were differences in self efficacy belief, life satisfaction and depression by age, education, absence of spouse, subjective economic status and physical function. Group activity and domestic labor had on affirmative effect on self efficacy belief in male and female elder. Learning activity had on positive effect on life satisfaction in female. Depression was negative influenced by voluntary activity and domestic labor in female and pay work, group activity and domestic labor in male.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was done to examine the differences in the fluid volume deficit according to levels of depression and BMI. The results of this study will provide fundamental information for developing nursing interventions for hydration management. Method: The participants were 51 hospitalized elderly people in K province. Data were collected from September 4 to 30, in 2006. A structured questionnaire was used for the data collection. Frequencies, Percentages, Means, Standard Deviation, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis test were used with the SPSS Program to analyze the data. Results: There were significant differences in the fluid volume deficit between elders in the depressed and normal groups. Participants who had a BMI of less than $21kg/m^2$ had the highest fluid volume deficit. Conclusion: Water is an essential part of the human body although it is least studied in elderly people. Health care providers need to increase awareness of the importance of hydration status among hospitalized elderly people with chronic illnesses.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.226-233
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• 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the subjective level of health-related quality of life of Korean healthcare workers using various quality-of-life instruments. Methods: This study included 992 participants, who were doctors and nurses. A survey was conducted between November 28 and December 4, 2019. Data from 954 participants divided into 3 groups (physicians, residents, and nurses) were analyzed. Four measurement tools (29 questions) were used in the survey to evaluate subjective health status and well-being. Results: In the Mayo Well-being Index, burnout during work (88.5%) and emotional difficulties caused by work (84.0%) were frequently cited by the respondents. Regarding questions on burnout and emotional difficulties, residents and nurses had the highest scores (91.0 and 89.6%, respectively). Emotional problems, such as anxiety, depression, and irritability, accounted for a high percentage (73.1%) of the total, while 82.2% of respondents reported that their work schedules interfered with their leisure and family time. There was no significant difference among the groups in subjective health status. However, 10.1% of the residents experienced very low quality of life, which was a higher proportion than that of physicians (2.7%) and nurses (5.2%). Conclusions: The level of well-being that Korean medical workers experienced in relation to work was lower than the results of the United States healthcare workers surveyed using the same tool. This study was unique in that it conducted a subjective quality-of-life survey on Korean healthcare workers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.4669-4675
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• 2012

Smoking among adolescents is a major public health problem. This study was performed to determine the association between cigarette smoking and depression Symptoms of high school students. Data were drawn from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey 2009. Subjects were 36,657 high school students living in the community. Adjusting for covariates (sex, school year, school education, economics, school record, hours of sleep per day, self-reported stress, self reported happiness, self-reported health status, suicidal thinking), smoker(OR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.35-1.50), 10~19 cigarettes per day(OR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.22-1.79) and more than 20 cigarettes per day(OR=2.05, 95% CI: 1.59-2.64) were independent risk factors for depression Symptoms. It was found that cigarette smoking is a independent factor related to adolescent depression. Adolescent smoking cessation is needed to management of adolescent depression.