• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.768-774
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to grasp the benefits from pit and fissure sealants and to analyze the factors of influencing the benefit amount by using the raw data of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2007~2013 targeting the subjects aged from 6 years in full to 18 years. The analysis was used STATA 11.0. As a result of the analysis, the following conclusions were obtained. It rose up to 1.24 pieces after carrying out the national health insurance coverage from averagely 0.93 piece until the year in 2007~2009 (up to November) when is before enforcing the national health insurance coverage in the pit and fissure sealants. The benefits from pit and fissure sealants depending on general characteristics were surveyed to be higher in the higher income level, in the more subscription to health insurance and private insurance, and in the more toothbrushing frequency per day. The factors that have influence upon the benefits from pit and fissure sealants were shown to include whether or not to have the national health insurance coverage in the pit and fissure sealants, income level, health insurance type and private insurance subscription appearance, and one-day toothbrushing frequency. Synthesizing the results, a rise in the benefits from pit and fissure sealants is shown in 2010 based on December 2009 when the national health insurance coverage in the pit and fissure sealants was implemented, but is showing the tendency of declining again from 2011. To increase the benefits from pit and fissure sealants, it is thought that the schemes will need to be discussed such as reinforcing publicity on the national health insurance coverage in the pit and fissure sealants, expanding a support for low-income bracket, and differentiating the outpatient cost sharing according to socio-economic level.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.141-151
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• 2009

Cognitive degree of musculoskeletal symptoms and existence (or non-existence) of experience was conducted following dental hygienists' health habits, heath state and working environment targeting dental hygienists who were working for the dental clinics in Masan-si, Changwon-si and Jinhae-si in Gyeongsangnam-do for one year or more. The research findings were as follows. 1. Cognitive degree of musculoskeletal symptom following general characteristics was the highest among the subjects who were 40 years old or above. 2. As for the education level, cognitive degree of musculoskeletal symptoms was high while prevalence was low, which were statistically significant when the education level was higher. 3. Cognitive degree of musculoskeletal symptom was high when the subjects exercised, and cognitive degree of musculoskeletal symptom and prevalence were significantly high when they are engaged in leisure activities or hobbies. 4. Prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms was statistically high if they are afflicted with disease, if they feel burdened by their job, if they suffer from considerable physical fatigue, if they feel chronic fatigue or if they feel that their health state is poor. 5. Cognitive degree of musculoskeletal symptom and prevalence were higher, which was statistically significant, when the number of years worked was higher. 6. Cognitive degree of musculoskeletal symptom was higher, but prevalence was lower when the time that they were seated was longer. This research demonstrated that the musculoskeletal disorders related to their job that afflicts the dental hygienists is not caused by one element, but it is possible to see that the musculoskeletal disorders results from the interaction of the diverse elements that are interrelated such as the subjects' characteristics and health habits and heath state, working environment and so forth including inappropriate work related movements. To this, dental hygienists need to improve their health habits so that they can form proper health habits that will ensure health in every day life on their own with the improvement of their every day life habit and positive self-evaluation to act on the health promotion behaviors, education and publicity, and measures to prevent and to manage musculoskeletal disorders in overall need to bepursued after in an active manner.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.133-173
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• 2011

Since mid-1960s the reports from the Surgeon General, the World Health Organization, and other health experts state that there is no risk-free level exposure to smoking and secondhand smoke. Tobacco smoke is made up of more than 7,000 chemicals. Hundreds are toxic, and at least 70 are carcinogens. The chemicals in tobacco smoke reach smoker's lungs quickly every time smoker inhale causing damages immediately. Inhaling even the smallest amount of tobacco smoke can also damage smoker's DNA, which can lead to cancers. Smoking is responsible for more than 87% of lung cancers, but there are a host of other chronic diseases directly related to exposure to tobacco smoke. It's also a major cause of heart disease, stroke, aortic aneurysm, peripheral arterial disease and most of the other diseases. In the United States, each year with more than from 440,000 to 520,000 deaths caused by smoking and exposure to involuntary smoke. They conclude that smoking is the single most important source of preventable morbidity and mortality. The United States of America have about 60-year history of tobacco litigation. Tobacco litigation has been an important tool in tobacco control strategies aimed at limiting the activities of tobacco companies and providing redress to people who have become ill as a result of their use of tobacco products. Tobacco litigation is a kind of tort litigation. Quite often, as in the asbestos and other mass tort litigation episodes, tobacco litigation can play an educational role, warning the public about the magnitude of health risks that might otherwise be less clearly perceived. Tobacco litigation allows smokers, their families or other victims of smoking to sue tobacco companies in order to be compensated for the harm they have suffered. Potential benefits of tobacco litigation include compensation for smoking-related damages, strengthening regulatory activity, publicity, documents disclosure and changing tobacco industry behavior. And also tobacco litigation can limit the political activities of tobacco industry, protect human rights of smokers and non-smokers, increase burden to tobacco price-up and enhance the effects of law and politics in public health.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.60-69
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• 2023

Objectives: This study provides basic data for activating the school doctor of Korean medicine (SDKM) program by conducting a questionnaire survey for public health doctor of Korean medicine (PHDKM) Methods: The survey questionnaire was produced by referring to the previous satisfaction survey studies for the Doctor of Korean medicine applying for the SDKM program (SDKMP). The survey questionnaire was composed of 10 questions regarding the satisfaction level, difficulties in progress, and suggestions for activation. The survey was conducted online for a total of 35 PHDKM applying for SDKMP, and 32 responses were collected. Results: Of the 32 subjects, 9 (28.1%) conducted the SDKMP. The total satisfaction level of the SDKMP was 3.69 ± 1.12 points. The lack of a standardized manual and information system was the most difficult in the program's progress (43.8%), followed by the bad cooperation of the public health centers (40.6%), and the lack of personal circumstances (40.6%). The establishment of a system to enlist cooperation with related institutions was suggested the most as a question for activating the SDKMP (71.9%), followed by the expansion of the SDKMP manual and guidance system (53.1%), and the expansion of publicity about SDKMP (37.5%). Conclusions: To activate the SDKMP in a public health environment, it is necessary to improve the system to enlist cooperation with related institutions. Also, the need to expand the standardized manual, the guidance system, and the education to PHDKM about SDKMP.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.6 s.53
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• pp.270-279
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• 2005

As remodeling market is growing and peoples' concern on health and well-being is getting high, there is a need to apply environmentally friendly approach to remodeling an interior space. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide basic information on environmentally friendly remodeling process focused on the implementation of interior construction process. The method of this study was two-folds. First, previous researches were reviewed to drive general remodeling process, and then content of implementation of environmentally friendly remodeling process were added. Second, semi-structured interview was conducted to eight experts in interior design who were members of KOSID. The results of this study are as follows; (1) Applying environmentally friendly method to remodeling will be essential. Therefore, it is necessary to develop various types of environmentally friendly finish materials and methods and continuing attention should be paid. (2) For broad implementing an environmentally friendly application on remodeling, builders, interior designers, manufacturers, and clients should change their consciousness through education and publicity, (3) The results showed that using environmentally friendly materials was the most primary concern for the designers. However, there is a lack of information about contamination derived from materials when manufacturing and constructing and even wastes. Thus designers should be aware of using environmentally friendly verified materials regarding materials itself and its manufacturing process.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.19 no.3 s.31
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• pp.180-188
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences of skin disease, particularly Acne between the rotating shift work nurses and the nurses on a fixed day schedule. Methods : Questionnaries were distributed to 30 rotating shift work nurses(the rotating group) and 34 nurses on a fixed day schedule(the daytime group). The questionnaris included questions on general health concepts, insomnia skin disease(particularly Acne), gastroenteric trouble, menstrual irregularity. Result : 1. There was significant difference on skin disease(particularly Acne) between two groups. 2. There was no significant relation between Gastroenteric trouble and Acne. But, in particular, there was significant relation between Constipation, Gastritis and Acne. 3. There was no significant relation between menstrual irregularity and Acne. 4. In Acne group, more than 70% felt the necessity of treatment, but only 2.5% used Korean Oriental Medical therapy. Conclusion : Disorder of circadian rhythm affects the skin disease(particularly Acne) more than Gastroenteric trouble and menstrual irregularity. But in this study, the total number of the nurse is not enough. So we need more accurate study about the aspects of skin disease. And about the Acne, publicity of Korean Oriental Medical therapy is required.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.385-399
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• 2005

Objective: The objective was to extract a preliminary performance measurement indicators of nursing organizations in hospitals using the BSC(Balanced Score Card) developed by Kaplan and Norton, and to analyze the content validity and evaluation methods of the performance measurement indicators with actual nurses in the nursing organization as participants in the study. Methods: The preliminary performance measurement indicators was created through a literature review and had the content validity by a professional. This survey was sent via post to 316 nurse managers and nurses with more than 5 years of experience in seven secondary and tertiary hospitals in the Seoul Gyonggi district. The completed questionnaires were returned by mail. Results: Fourteen indicators for finances, 16 for customer services, 27 for internal business processes, and 13 for learning and growth were selected. Conclusion: Amidst a rapidly changing medical environment, a first step was taken towards developing a performance measurement from various perspectives for nursing organizations in hospitals from various perspectives, rather than just one or a past-oriented perspective. However, as the most important thing is to actually use these indicators, continuous interest in publicity and education must be developed.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.4-10
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• 2015

Mammary implants marketed by Poly Implant Proth$\grave{e}$se (PIP) were found to contain industrial grade silicone and this caused heightened anxiety and extensive publicity regarding their safety in humans. These implants were used in a large number of patients worldwide for augmentation or breast reconstruction. We reviewed articles identified by searches of Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar databases up to May 2014 using the terms: "PIP", "Poly Implant Proth$\grave{e}$se", "breast implants" and "augmentation mammoplasty" "siloxanes" or "silicone". In addition the websites of regulating bodies in Europe, USA, and Australia were searched for reports related to PIP mammary implants. PIP mammary implants are more likely to rupture than other implants and can cause adverse effects in the short to the medium term related to the symptoms of rupture such as pain, lumps in the breast and axilla and anxiety. Based on peer-reviewed published studies we have calculated an overall rupture rate of 14.5% (383/2,635) for PIP implants. However, there is no evidence that PIP implant rupture causes long-term adverse health effects in humans so far. Silicone lymphadenopathy represents a foreign body reaction and should be treated conservatively. The long-term adverse effects usually arise from inappropriate extensive surgery, such as axillary lymph node dissection or extensive resection of breast tissue due to silicone leakage.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.57-75
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• 2001

This study was conducted to improve the current regulation guidelines for developing traditional Korean medicines with effectiveness and productivity, in order to cope with the upcoming ICH on specifications on oriental herbal drugs. Also, major purposes of this study are to motivate R&D and to pioneer foreign markets for domestic herbal drug companies. First, after examining concepts of traditional Korean medicines and comparing the numbers and differentiation of herbal drugs registered on Pharmacopeia among Korea, China, and Japan, the current new drug development requirements for traditional Korean medicines were reviewed in detail, followed by comparison of foreign regulation systems including USA, EU, China, and Japan. Second, empirical cases on failure of development for new traditional Korean medicines under the current regulation system in the domestic companies including Dong-A, Kwangdong, and Samchondang, were collected and analyzed. As a result, hanbangsaengyak, the new category for traditional Korean medicines was newly developed on the basis of scientification of data between saengyak and hanyak, from the perspectives of harmonization between oriental medicine and western medicine and of balance between food and drug, in terms of industrialization, publicity, modernization, and effectiveness of administration. In addition, the new regulation requirements for the new hanbangsaengyak preparations were discussed by establishing principles of reinforcing preclinical test and of simplifying clinical trials in Korea. Finally, the further researches to articulate the complete specifications for pre-clinical and clinical requirements for traditional Korean medicines were strongly suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.375-391
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• 2022

Improving public awareness of wood is crucial for expanding the use of wood and establishing a wood culture. In this study, the environment and trends of the public's wood utilization were analyzed using a questionnaire survey and online text mining at a time when eco-friendly practices are gaining popularity. As a result of reducing climatic and environmental concerns and its positive physical and psychological effects, the use of wood is predicted to rise in areas intimately connected to everyday living, such as wood furniture, wooden structures, and interior materials. Nonetheless, there was a negative awareness that wood was expensive, difficult to maintain, and associated with deforestation. The correlations between wood-related search terms on major Korean portal sites were analyzed and categorized into five groups: Wooden architecture, cultural education, woodworking, wood industry, and wood policy. As a building material, wood was seen as more traditional and friendly than reinforced concrete and stone. Eighty-six percent of respondents expected to utilize wood as a building material in the future, regardless of whether the wood is domestically produced or imported. Sixty-five percent responded favorably about the effects of wood on the health of wooden home inhabitants. It is believed that both active publicity and quantifiable value analysis of human and environmental friendliness are required to increase pro-environment awareness of wood utilization.